`
`6th Edition
`
`
`By Bryan Pfaffenberger, Ph.D.
`with David Wall
`
`QUE®
`Samsung v. Straight Path, |PR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 1
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 1
`
`

`

`Que’s Computer 8C Internet Dictionary, 6th Edition
`
`Copyright © 1995 by Que® Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. No
`part of this book may be used or reproduced in any form or by
`any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
`_ prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief
`quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Making
`copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your
`own personal use, is a Violation of United States copyright laws.
`For information, address Que Corporation, 201 W. 103rd St,
`Indianapolis, IN 46290. You may reach Que’s direct sales line by
`calling 1—800-428—5331.
`,
`
`Library of Congress Catalog No: 95-078878
`
`ESBN: 0—7897—0356-4
`
`This book is sold 515 is, Without warranty of any kind, either ex»
`press or implied, respecting the contents of this book, including
`but not limited to implied warranties for the book’s quality, per~
`formance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose.
`Neither Que Corporation nor its dealers or distributors shall be
`liable to the purchaser or any other person or entity with respect
`to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused
`directly or indirectly by this book.
`
`989796
`
`432
`
`Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double~digit
`number is the year of the book’s printing; the rightmost single—
`digit number, the number of the book’s printing. For example,
`a printing code of 95—1 shows that the first printing of the book
`occurred in 1995.
`
`President: Roland Elgey
`
`Publisher: Stacy Hiquet
`
`Editorial Services Director: Elizabeth Keaffaber
`
`i Publishing Director: Brad R. Koch
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 2
`
`

`

`420 printer maintenance
`
`printer maintenance Regular procedures, such as cleaning,
`that keep a printer operating without problems. Laserprinterr
`require periodic cleaning of their rollers, corona wires, and lenses.
`
`printer port
`
`See parallelport and serialport.
`
`privacy On a network, a presumed right that your disk storage
`area) electronic mail, and files will not be scrutinized by persons to
`whom‘you have not given permission. However, privacy on a
`computer network does not exist. Although the federal Electronic
`Communications Privacy/let (1986) prohibits federal agencies from
`accessing your e—mail while it is in transit or temporary storage, no
`federal law prevents employers or other persons from doing so.
`Many employers believe that they may read employees’ mail with
`impunity; after all, employees are using the employer’s equipment.
`You can protect your privacy by encrypting your messages. See
`encryption and Privacy Enhanced Mail (FEM).
`
`Privacy Enhanced Mail (FEM) An Internet standard that
`ensures the privacy of electronic mail. FEM uses paélic key encryp—
`tion techniques to assure that only the intended recipient of the
`message will be able to read it.
`
`PRML read-channel technology Seepartial—responre
`maximamvlikeliljood read—channel technology.
`
`procedural language A programming language such as
`BASIC or Pascal that requires the programmer to specify the pro—
`cedure the computer has to follow to accomplish the task. See
`declarative language.
`
`process 6050!“ One of the four colors—cyan, magenta, yellow,
`and black—that are mixed to create other colors. See CMYK, color
`
`model, and spot color.
`
`processing The execution of program instructions by the
`computer’s centralprocessing unit (CPU) that in some way trans—
`forms data, such as sorting it, selecting some of it according to
`specified criteria, or performing mathematical computations on it.
`
`processor upgrade A c/n'p designed to replace or comple—
`ment a microprocessor and provide improved performance. Intel’s
`
`
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 3
`
`

`

`370 OK button
`
`button is highlighted or surrounded by a thick black line, you can
`press Enter to choose OK.
`
`OLE client
`
`See client application.
`
`OLE server
`
`See server application.
`
`outboard audio A circuit on the motherboard that simulates
`
`a sound hoard and is usually adequate only for business audio appli—
`cations. Onboard audio circuits usually use crude FM sync/165i:
`techniques to produce sounds, and can be replaced, in a desktop
`computer, with a sound board of higher quality.
`out-hoard cache See internal caclac.
`
`urn-board speaker A small speaker located inside the
`computer’s care. Though the on—board speaker can generate crude
`beeps, buzzes, and honks, it is entirely unsuitable for multimedia
`applications. A sound board and auxiliary 5pcalrcr5 provide much
`better sound output than the on’board speaker.
`
`on-line Directly connected with and accessible to a computer;
`for example, after you successfully hook it up to your PC and turn
`it on. in data communications, connected with another, distant
`
`computer; for example, the successful connection with a loos! com~
`purer in a client—server network. On a bulletin board system (BBS),
`when a file or application is available to the users.
`
`oar-«line heip A help utility available on~screen While you’re
`using a network or an application program.
`
`on-Iine information service A for—profit firm that makes
`current news, stock quotes, and other information available to its
`subscribers over standard telephone lines. See America Onlinc,
`lzioliograpnic retrieval service, CompuServe, Delphi, Dow foncs Ncwr/
`Retrieval Service, GEnie, and Prodigy.
`
`art-screen formatting In a wordprocessing program, a for—
`matting technique in which formatting commands directly affect
`the text that’s visible on~screen. See embeddedformatting command
`and w/aat~yoa—sce—is—wnar'you—gci ( W Y8] W YG).
`
`
`
`3*
`
`l
`i
`
`
`
`l
`g
`
`
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`' Acute
`
`“ Breve
`
`c Cedilla
`
`A Circumflex
`
`" Diaeresis
`
`‘ Grave
`
`° Macron
`
`e Tilde
`
`" Umlaut
`
`Accented characters are included in most flint sets, and some appli—
`cation programs include commands or keystrokes that insert
`accented characters for you. See compose sequence and extended
`character set.
`
`Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) A serriceprovider’s policy
`statement that indicates which types of uses are permissible. Epito—
`mized by the AUP of NSFNet, the backbone network formerly
`funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSB, the AUPs
`of publicly funded networks sharply restrict commercial use. To
`foster commercial development of the Internet, an organization
`called the Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) provides an AUP—
`free international backbone for commercial Internet traffic.
`
`acceptance test A final demonstration of a new software or
`hardware product that illustrates the product’s capabilities and
`special features. When companies or other entities hire systems
`analysts or other computer consultants to do work for them, the
`acceptance test serves to show that the consultants have satisfied
`their contract obligations.
`
`Access
`
`See Microsofi Access.
`
`access To retrieve data or program instructions from a hard or
`floppy dis/e drive or another computer connected to your computer
`by a netwcr/e or a modem.
`
`access arm See head arm.
`
`access code An identification number or password you use to
`gain access to a computer system.
`
`In a network, a means of ensuring the system’s
`access control
`security by demanding that users supply a login name and password.
`
`in a network, a datahase that lists
`access control list (AOL)
`the valid users of the systems and the level of network access that
`they have been granted.
`Samsung v. Straight Path, |PR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 5
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 5
`
`

`

`8 access hole
`
`access hole
`
`See bend access aperture.
`
`access priviieges On a network, the extent of a user’s capa—
`bility to use and modifi/ directories, files, and program: located on
`other computers in the network. See load area networ/e (LAN).
`
`access time The amount of time that lapses between a re—
`quest for information from memory and the delivery of the infor—
`mation. Access times apply to disks and to random—access memory
`(RAM. RAM access times are much shorter than disk access times,
`so adding extra RAM can dramatically improve a computer’s
`overall performance.
`
`in a network, a contractual agreement between the
`account
`user and the service provider. In return for network access, the user
`agrees to abide by the service provider’s regulations and, in some
`cases, pay a fee.
`
`accounting package A program or group of programs in—
`tended to help a small—business owner automate a firm’s account—
`ing procedures. Though accounting packages have grown easier to
`use recently, they still often require a level of accounting expertise
`that small—time entrepreneurs usually lack, and require tedious
`dam entry. See integrated occounringpnceoge and modular account—
`ingpnc/eage.
`
`accumulator A register in a eentraiproeessing unit (CPU) that
`holds values to be used later in a computation. Computer multipli~
`cation, for example, frequently is done by a series of additions; an
`accumulator holds the intermediate values until the process is
`completed.
`
`accuracy A statement of how correct a measurement is. Accu—
`racy is different from precision, which describes the number of
`decimal places to which a measurement is computed.
`
`ACM See Associationfor Computer Machinery (AC/W).
`
`acoustic coupier A modern with cups that fit around the
`earpiece and mouthpiece of a standard (not cellular) telephone
`receiver. The cups contain a microphone and a speaker that convert
`the computer’s digital signals into sound, and vice versa. With the
`almost—universal use of modulorjrzrks, direct—connect modems have
`supplanted acoustic modems in general use.
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, |PR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 6
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 6
`
`

`

`112 configuratitin manager
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In Microsoft Windows 95, the
`configuration manager
`utility program that keeps track of the software drivers associated
`with hardware devices. See hardware tree.
`
`confirmation message An on—screen message asking you to
`confirm a potentially destructive action, such as closing a window
`without saving your work. See alert box.
`
`In wide oren networks (WANs), a
`oonnectionless protocol
`standard that enables the transmission of data from one computer
`to another even though no effort is made to determine whether the
`receiving computer is on~line or able to receive the information.
`This is the underlying protocol in any pocket—switching network,
`such as the Internet, in which a unit of data is broken down into
`small—sized packets, each with a header containing the address of
`the data’s intended destination. In the internet, the connectionless
`
`protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP). llj is concerned only with
`breaking data down into packets for transmission, and reassem~
`bling the packets after they have been received. A connection—
`orientedprotocol (on the lnternet, TCP) works at another level to
`assure that all the packets are received. Research on computer
`networks has disclosed this design is highly efficient. See Transmis—
`sion Control Protocol (TCP).
`
`in wide area networks
`connection-oriented protocol
`(WANr), a standard that establishes a procedure by which two of
`the computers on the network can establish a physical connection
`that lasts until they have successfully exchanged data. This is ac-
`complished by means of bonds/roleing, in which the two computers
`exchange messages that say, in effect,“OK, I’m ready,” “I didn’t
`get that; please re—send,” and “Got it, bye.” In the Internet, the
`Yinnrmim'on Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection—oriented
`protocol; it provides the means by which two Internet—connected
`computers can enter into communication with each other to en—
`sure the successful transmission of data. In contrast, the Internet
`
`Protocol (IP) is a connectionless protocol, which enables the transmis~
`sion of data Without requiring handshaking. See X25.
`
`connectivity The extent to which a given computer or pro—
`gram can function in a network setting.
`
`connectivity platform A program or utility designed to
`enhance another program’s capability to exchange dam with other
`programs through a local area network (LAN). Oracle for the
`Samsung v. Straight Path, |PR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 7
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 7
`
`

`

`connector conspiracy A" computer manufacturer’s cynical
`plot to force its customers to buy its products, which contain
`bizarre connectors that work only with peripherals made by the
`same company. Vastly unpopular with users, connector conspira—
`cies nevertheless spring up eternally, fueled by greed. The most
`recent version: Proprietary CD~ROM connectors on sound cordr,
`which force you to buy a CD—ROM dis/e drive made by the same
`manufacturer (unless you’re willing to live with reduced function—
`ality).
`
`connect speed The data~transmission rate at which a modem,
`after performing a bonds/inking sequence with another modem and
`determining the amount of line noise, establishes a connection.
`The connect speed may be lower than the modem’s top speed.
`
`console A terminal, consisting of a monitor and keyboard. In
`mnltiuser systems, console is synonymous with terminal but console
`also is used in personal computer operating systems to refer to the
`keyboard and display. See CON
`
`In a mreodrneetprogrnm, a number you type directly
`constant
`into a cell or place in a formula. See cell definition and key variable.
`
`In data storage media
`constant angular velocity (GAV)
`such as lnzrd and floppy dis/e drives, a playback technique in which
`the disk rotates at a constant speed. This technique results in faster
`data retrieval times as the rend/write liend nears the spindle; retrieval
`times slow as the read/write head moves toward the perimeter of
`the disk. See constant linear velocity (CL V).
`
`In CD—ROM disk drives, a
`constant linear velocity (CLV)
`playback technique that speeds or slows the rotation of the disk to
`ensure that the velocity of the disk is always constant at the point
`where the disk is being read. To achieve constant linear velocity,
`the disk must spin more slowly when reading or writing closer to
`the spindle. See consinni angular velocity (CA V)
`
`consumables The supplies a printer uses up as it operates.
`Consumables expenses, such those for ink cartridges and paper,
`can quickly add up. Consumables costs are usually expressed as a
`icostperlvnge, which for some nigh—endcolor-capable printers can
`em“! $300!
`Samsung v. Straight Path, |PR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 8
`
`Samsung v. Straight Path, IPR2014-01366
`Straight Path - Ex. 2009 - Page 8
`
`