(12) United States Patent
`Rinne et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`*Oet. 29, 2013
`
`US008572250B2
`
`DISCONTINUOUS
`TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION IN A
`COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,140,698 A
`5,826,173 A
`6,094,425 A
`6,337,990 B1
`6,463,055 B1
`6,466,795 B1
`6,480,476 B1
`6,714,515 B1
`6,724,813 B1
`6,731,948 B1
`7,269,145 B2
`7,379,863 B2 *
`7,512,104 B2 *
`7,680,058 B2 *
`
`8/ 992 Toko
`10/ 998 Dent
`7/2000 Auger et a1.
`1/2002 Koshino
`10/2002 Lupien et al.
`10/2002 Ahn
`11/2002 Willars
`3/2004 Marchand
`4/2004 Jamal et al.
`5/2004 Lee et al.
`9/2007 K00 et a1.
`.................. .. 704/201
`5/2008 Delfs et a1.
`
`.. 370/338
`3/2009 Bjelland et al
`................ .. 370/252
`3/2010 Seurre et al.
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`
`1 484 873
`
`8/2004
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Chinese Office Action application No. 200680011601.6 dated Aug.
`10, 20 10.
`
`Primary Examiner — Greg C Bengzon
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Allocation information is transmitted in a communications
`
`system in accordance with at least one allocation rule for
`indicating allocation of sets oftransmission resources to com-
`munications devices. The at
`least one allocation rule is
`
`defined for associating sequences of sets of transmission
`resources with communications devices, and a communica-
`tions device monitors allocation information of sets of trans-
`mission resources associated with it. Communications
`
`devices are informed of their respective allocation rules.
`Transmission resources for the communications devices are
`allocated based at least on said allocation rules.
`
`13 Claims, 23 Drawing Sheets
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`Inventors: Mika P. Rinne, Espoo (FI); Olav
`Tirkkonen, Helsinki (FI)
`
`Assignee: Motorola Mobility LLC, Libertyville,
`IL (US)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. l54(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`11/885,167
`
`(22)
`
`(86)
`
`(87)
`
`(65)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`PCT Filed:
`
`Feb. 24, 2006
`
`PCT No.:
`
`PCT/IB2006/001474
`
`§ 371 (C)(1),
`(2), (4) Date:
`
`Aug. 10, 2009
`
`PCT Pub. No.: WO2006/114710
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 2, 2006
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2009/0305711 A1
`
`Dec. 10, 2009
`
`Int. Cl.
`G06F 15/173
`U.S. Cl.
`USPC ......... .. 709/226; 709/228; 370/252; 713/320;
`455/418
`
`(2006.01)
`
`Field of Classification Search
`USPC ........ .. 709/223—230, 370/230, 311, 278, 335,
`370/328, 252-253; 340/7.32-7.34;
`455/343.1—343.4, 450
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`
`
`ALLOCATION RULE CONFIRM
`
`ALLOCATION RULE ASSIGN
`
`ERICSSON EXHIBIT 1011
`
`

`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`Page 2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`7/2004 Lee etal.
`2004/0125784 A1
`3/2005 Beckmann etal.
`2005/0066034 A1
`5/2005 C110 eta1~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 370/323
`2005/0117535 A1*
`2005/0250497 A1* 11/2005 Ghosh etal.
`................ .. 455/436
`
`8,014,782 132*
`2002/0105940 A1
`2003/0048765 A1*
`2003/0086379 A1
`2003/0086381 A1
`
`............ .. 455/450
`
`9/2011 Granzowetal.
`8/2002 Forsselletal.
`3/2003 Jang ............................ .. 370/337
`5/2003 Terry etal.
`5/2003 Terry et al.
`
`2005/0258118 141*
`ggggjggggigg 21*
`2008/0043656 A1
`
`12/2005 Zebe11°H,1e“11~
`~~~~~~~~ ~~
`jgggg §f;11:°’fi‘‘er 6‘ 31‘
`2/2008 Ygofitai"""""""""""" "
`'
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`210
`
`211
`
`212
`
`213
`
`
`
`Determining at least one allocation rule defining a
`sequence of sets of transmission resources associated
`with the communications device
`
` Monitoring allocation infonnation of said sequence of
`
`sets of transmission resources
`
`
`
`Determining whether said sequence of sets of
`transmission resources contain transmission resources
`
`allocated for the communications device based on the
`
`
`monitored allocation information
`
`
`Fig. 2b
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
` Transmitting allocation information for indicating
`
`
`allocation of sets of transmission resources
`
`
`
` Defining at least one allocation rule for associating at least
`
`
`
`
`
`one sequence of sets of transmission resources with at
`least one communications device, a communications devic
`monitoring allocation information of sets of transmission
`resources associated with the communications device
`
`200
`
`202
`
`203
`
`
`
` lnfonning said at least one communications device
`of said at least one allocation rule
`
`
`
`
`
` Allocating transmission resources for said at least one
`
`
`communications device based at least on said
`204
`at least one allocation rule
`
`
`Fig. 2a
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 3 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`306a
`
`305a
`
`303ammmfimm
`
`
`
`301a302a
`
`305306
`
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`
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`
`
`
`
`
`101
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 4 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`anm
`
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`flflflfl
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`
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`
`
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`
`
`ALLOCATION RULE CONFIRM
`
`ALLOCATION RULE ASSIGN
`
`Fig. 4a
`
`
`
`ALLOCATION RULE REQUEST
`
`ALLOCATION RULE CONFIRM
`
`Fig. 4b
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 6 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`411a
`
`403
`
`411b
`
`
`
`Header
`
`Cf!’ = C
`
`Allocation rule
`
`request
`
`Header
`
`C/T = T
`
`411a
`
`401
`
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`
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`
`Aflocation rule
`
`C/T = C
`
`assign
`
`411a
`
`402
`
`411b“
`
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`
`
`
`Header
`on = c
`
`Ailocation rufe
`confirm
`
`Header
`crr = T
`
`load
`
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`
`Fig. 4c
`
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`
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`
`
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`
`RL_lD UE#2
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`RL_iD UE#8
`
`RL_lD UE#3
`
`RL_lD UE#8
`
`RL_lD UE#B
`
`RL_ID UE#8
`
`Fig. 5a
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`SFN
`
`
`
`
`Al|ocTab|e
`
`
`
`RL_|D UE#1
`
`RL_lD UE#2
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`Fig. 5b
`
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`RL_lD uEs24
`
`Fig. 5c
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`SFN
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`SFN %n rule
`
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`
`Fig. 7a
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 9 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 10 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`SFN
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 11 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 12 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
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`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 13 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`Table 1.
`
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`
`
`
`Elie
`“lie
`-T T" “"‘
`“A
`rule2
`TTI 2=x2
`l_—————
` _
`
`—-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Table 2.
`
`UE Id
`1
`
`Short term rule
`SFN % 4
`Offset {2}
`
`Long term rule
`Decode correctly
`=> skip SFN + TTI
`decode incorrectly
`=5
`follow short term
`rule
`
`continuum
`TTI = 20 ms NA
`or
`(TTI
`=SFN+30)
`
`SFN % 16
`
`Decode correctly
`:9 skip SFN + TTI
`decode incorrectly
`
`=9 SFN % 4 offset {2}
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 14 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`Decode correctly
`=0
`skip SFN + TTI
`decode incorrectly
`=9
`follow short tenn
`
`or
`(TTl
`
`Decode correctly
`<3‘ skip SFN + TTI
`decode incorrectly
`=9 SFN "lo 4 offset {2}
`
`Decode correctly
`:9 skip SFN + TTI
`decode Incorrectly
`no SFN % 4 offset {2}
`
`Decode correctly
`no skip SFN + ‘Fri
`decode incorrectly
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 15 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
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`Idle state
`
`
`
`Active State
`
`
`
`Other states?
`
`Fig. 9a
`
`Prior Art
`
`traffic flow
`
`
`
`quality control
`(delay&bit rate)
`
`
`rules load control
`
`update allocation
`
`
`
` traffic 8:
`performance
`monitor
`
`
`Fig. 9c
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 16 of 23
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
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`session setup
`flow activation
`
`901
`
`902
`
`a°""°
`§—
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`
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`idle state
`. 7
`
`activestate
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`id‘?
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`I
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`update active state
`DTXIDRX rules
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`create active state
`DTXIDRX rules
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`905
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` 914
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`no activity
`
`913
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`1
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`1
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`short term rule
`1
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`’
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`ongtemt rue
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`906
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`-D
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`1
`
`908
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`4-
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`1
`
`apply short term rule
`
`apply long term rule
`
`
`allocation detection (rx)
`allocation indication (tx)
`
`3 oca |Ol"| crea OI1
`
`payload encoding (tx)
`a oad decodin rx
`
`909
`
`910
`
`912
`
`-
`
`DTX/DRX period
`
`911
`
`1———-—————->
`
`Fig. 9b
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
`
`Sheet 17 of 23
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`US 8,572,250 B2
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`Fig. 10a
`
`1000
`
`1010
`
`1001
`
`1002
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`1003
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`1020
`
`1022
`
`1021
`
`1030
`
`1031
`
`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 2013
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`Sheet 18 of 23
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`US 8,572,250 B2
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`Oct. 29, 2013
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`Oct. 29, 2013
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`Sheet 22 of 23
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`U.S. Patent
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`Oct. 29, 2013
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`Sheet 23 of 23
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`US 8,572,250 B2
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`
`1
`DISCONTINUOUS
`TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION IN A
`COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to transmission of data in a
`communications system. In particular the present invention
`relates to discontinuous transmission’reception of data in a
`communications system.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`A communication system can be seen as a facility that
`enables communication sessions between two or more enti-
`
`ties such as user equipment and/or other nodes associated
`with the communication system. The communication may
`comprise, for example, communication of voice, data, multi-
`media and so on. Communication systems providing wireless
`communication for user equipment are known. Cellular com-
`munication systems are configured to have a cell structure,
`and typically they support communication with user equip-
`ment changing locations (mobile users). The support for com-
`munications for mobile users may include support for hand-
`ing existing connections from one cell to another cell. At least
`routing of calls or communications for a mobile user in a new
`cell is typically supported in cellular systems. Some examples
`of a cellular system are the Global System for Mobile Tele-
`communications (GSM) and General Packet Radio Service
`(GPRS). GPRS provides packet-switched data services and
`utilizes the infrastructure of a GSM system. Further examples
`of a cellular system are third generation telecommunication
`systems, which support both packet-switched and circuit-
`switched transfer. The Wideband Code Division Multiple
`Access (WCDMA) system is one example of a third genera-
`tion cellular telecommunication system.
`Traditionally communications systems have been circuit-
`switched systems, where a certain amount of resources is
`reserved for a connection/call continuously irrespective ofthe
`need of transmitting data at a particular moment in time. The
`reserved amount of resources may be, for example, a dedi-
`cated channel. The channel,
`in turn, may be defined for
`example by a certain slot in successive time frames in a time
`division multiplex system, a certain frequency in a frequency
`division multiplex system or a certain charmelization code in
`a code division multiplex system.
`In this allocation scheme, resources that are announced to
`a given communications device are occupied and are not
`available to any other communications devices, before the
`allocation is released. The resource occupation is maintained,
`even if the given communications device has actually no data
`to transmit or
`to receive. For allocating transmission
`resources in a more efiicient way, it is possible to take into
`account the actual need for transmission capacity when allo-
`cating transmission resources. For time-critical data (for
`example, a voice call) resources may be allocated on a con-
`tinuous basis, but less time critical data may be buffered until
`there are free transmission resources. In the novel communi-
`
`cation systems the available bandwidth and symbol rate is
`huge compared to the traditional ones. Thus, any fixed reser-
`vation of resources, which are actually not in use, will cause
`unnecessary loss of efficiency.
`In novel communication systems, due to their inherent
`large transmission capacity, it is possible to share the com-
`munication medium efiiciently among many communica-
`tions devices. The communications devices typically monitor
`the shared medium for transmitting and receiving informa-
`tion most efficiently. The communications systems work by
`
`US 8,572,250 B2
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`2
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`random access and collision detection or alternatively the
`allocation of resources is given in an explicit way by signal-
`ling.
`When transmitting information on a shared medium, the
`communications devices typically need to know exactly
`which pieces of information are intended for them to receive
`and which pieces of transmission resources are intended for
`them to transmit. This is typically done by exchanging
`explicit allocation information between the communications
`system and the communications devices. The allocation
`information may be transmitted on a shared signalling chan-
`nel or using an associated signalling charmel. High Speed
`Downlink Packet Access in the WCDMA system,
`for
`example, uses a high-capacity shared data channel for down-
`link data transfer and a low-capacity shared signalling chan-
`nel for informing the communications devices about the spe-
`cific resource allocations on the shared data channel. In a
`
`10
`
`15
`
`Wireless Local Area Network, each data packet header con-
`tains identifiers of the communications device to indicate
`
`20
`
`which device this data packet is addressed to and which
`device needs to decode it. Thus, all communications devices
`need to monitor and process the headers ofall data packets for
`being able to receive data addressed to it.
`When a communications device is listening to a shared
`medium, it needs to monitor allocation information continu-
`ously or at least very frequently for every transmission unit
`for determining whether it should receive data in the down-
`link direction or whether it could transmit data in the uplink
`direction. Thus allocation information needs to be monitored
`
`continuously at least once per transmission unit, although the
`actual data transmission and/or reception occurs in a discon-
`tinuous manner. Continuous monitoring and decoding of
`potential presence of allocation information consumes
`power. Especially for wireless communications devices,
`power consumption is a critical factor.
`Embodiments of this invention aim to provide an efficient
`solution for discontinuous transmission and/or reception.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`In accordance with an embodiment, there is provided a
`method of allocating resources in a communications system
`to at least one communications device, the method compris-
`ing:
`defining at least one allocation rule for associating at least
`one sequence of sets of transmission resources with at
`least one communications device, the at least one com-
`munications device being configured to monitor alloca-
`tion information in accordance with a set of allocation
`
`rules associated with the respective communications
`device;
`infonning the at least one communications device of the at
`least one allocation rule;
`transmitting allocation information in accordance with the
`at least one allocation rule for indicating allocation of
`sets of transmission resources; and
`allocating transmission resources for the at least one com-
`munications device based at least on the at least one
`allocation rule.
`
`In accordance with another embodiment, there is provided
`a method of operating a communications device, the method
`comprising:
`determining at least one allocation rule for the communi-
`cations device, the at least one allocation rule defining a
`sequence of sets of transmission resources associated
`with the communications device;
`
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`US 8,572,250 B2
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`3
`monitoring allocation information in accordance with the
`at least one allocation rule; and
`determining whether the sequence of sets of transmission
`resources contains transmission resources allocated for
`the communications device based on the allocation
`
`information of the sequence of sets of transmission
`resources.
`
`In accordance with an embodiment, there is provided a
`communications system that is configured to define at least
`one allocation rule for associating at least one sequence of
`sets of transmission resources with at least one communica-
`
`tions device, the at least one communications device being
`configured to monitor allocation information in accordance
`with a set of allocation rules associated with the respective
`communications device, to inform the at least one communi-
`cations device of the at least one allocation rule, to transmit
`allocation information in accordance with the at least one
`
`allocation rule for indicating allocation of sets of transmis-
`sion resources, and to allocate transmission resources for the
`at least one communications device based at least on the at
`least one allocation rule.
`
`In accordance with an embodiment, there is provided a
`transceiver network element that is configured to define at
`least one allocation rule for associating at least one sequence
`of sets of transmission resources with at least one communi-
`
`cations device, the at least one communications device being
`configured to monitoring allocation information in accor-
`dance with a set of allocation rules associated with the respec-
`tive communications device, to inform the at least one com-
`munications device of the at least one allocation rule, to
`transmit allocation information in accordance with the at least
`
`one allocation rule for indicating allocation of sets of trans-
`mission resources, and to allocate transmission resources for
`the at least one communications device based at least on the at
`least one allocation rule.
`
`In accordance with a yet further embodiment, there is
`provided a communications device that is configured to deter-
`mine at least one allocation rule for the communications
`
`device, the at least one allocation rule defining a sequence of
`sets of transmission resources associated with the communi-
`cations device, monitor allocation information in accordance
`with the at least one allocation rule, and determine whether
`the sequence of sets of transmission resources contains trans-
`mission resources allocated for the communications device
`
`based on the allocation information ofthe sequence of sets of
`transmission resources.
`
`There is also provided a communications device and a
`computer program in accordance with this even further
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`Dependent claims define more specific embodiments.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`invention will now be
`Embodiments of the present
`described by way of example only with reference to the
`accompanying drawings, in which:
`FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a communications system
`where embodiments of the inventions are applicable;
`FIG. 2a shows, as an example, a flowchart of a method in
`accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
`FIG. 2b shows, as an example, a flowchart of a method of
`operating a communications device in accordance with the
`first embodiment of the invention;
`FIG. 3a shows schematically a first allocation rule
`example;
`FIG. 3b shows schematically a second allocation rule
`example;
`
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`
`FIG. 3c shows schematically a third allocation rule
`example;
`FIG. 4a shows schematically, as an example, a procedure
`for assigning allocation rules for the downlink direction;
`FIG. 4b shows schematically, as an example, a procedure
`for negotiating allocation rules for the uplink direction;
`FIG. 4c shows schematically, as examples, protocol mes-
`sages for carrying allocation rule assignment and negotiation
`information;
`FIG. 5a shows, as an example, allocation of frames for up
`to eight active users;
`FIG. 5b shows, as an example, allocation of frames for up
`to sixteen active users, the users being split to two sets for
`efiicient monitoring of their allocation information;
`FIG. 5c shows, as an example, allocation of frames for up
`to 32 active users, the users being split to four sets for efficient
`monitoring of their allocation information;
`FIG. 5d shows, as an example, allocation of frames for 20
`active users, the users being split unequally up to four sets for
`efiicient monitoring of their allocation information;
`FIG. 5e shows a further example of allocation of frames,
`where the allocation decoding periods are different for dif-
`ferent users;
`FIG. 5f shows schematically an example of the use of a
`group identifier;
`FIG. 6 shows, as an example, allocation for three terminals
`having different types oftraffic, two terminals having intense
`short term allocations and one terminal having rare but regu-
`lar long term allocations;
`FIG. 7a shows, as an example, structure of a protocol
`message armouncing start of a next continuum and optionally
`an allocation rule in the continuum;
`FIG. 7b shows, as an example, frames allocated using a
`continuum allocation rule;
`FIG. 8a shows Table l, which is an example of a base
`station table for allocations;
`FIG. 8b shows Table 2, which is a further example of a base
`station table for allocation;
`FIG. 8c shows Table 3, which is an example of a terminal
`table for allocation relating to Table 2 of the base station;
`FIG. 8d shows Table 4, which is a further example of a
`terminal table for allocation relating to Table 2 of the base
`station;
`FIG. 8e shows Table 5, which is an example of an alloca-
`tion table of a terminal having connections to more than one
`base station;
`FIG. 9a shows schematically idle and active states and
`transitions between the states;
`FIG. 9b shows a state diagram for the active state DTX/
`DRX allocation rules;
`FIG. 9c shows possible triggers for allocation rule updates
`or for DTX/DRX rule updates;
`FIG. 1011 shows schematically an example relating to a
`piece ofallocation information associated with more than one
`set of uplink transmission resources;
`FIG. 10b shows schematically a second example, where a
`piece of allocation information may be associated with more
`than one set of uplink transmission resources;
`FIG. 11 shows schematically an example of transmitting
`uplink acknowledgement information in accordance with an
`allocation rule associated with the uplink transmissions;
`FIG. 1211 shows schematically examples of allocation
`tables, which contains also uplink acknowledgements;
`FIG. 12b shows schematically a further example of alloca-
`tion tables containing uplink acknowledgements relating to
`FIG. 10b;
`
`

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`US 8,572,250 B2
`
`5
`FIG. 13 shows schematically a roundtrip graph of a down-
`link originated transmission with an uplink response, where
`the uplink acknowledgements are placed in the allocation
`table;
`FIG. 14 shows schematically a roundtrip graph ofan uplink
`originated transmission with a downlink response, where the
`uplink acknowledgements are placed in the allocation table;
`and
`
`5
`
`FIG. 15 shows schematically an example relating to a
`combination of long-term and short-term allocations rules.
`
`10
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
`
`In the following description, discontinuous transmission
`and/or reception means that the communication device need
`not stay active in decoding information that is not assigned for
`it, but can pause for periods of in-activity and can wake-up for
`periods of activity in an efiicient way. The communication
`network rarely has this opportunity, but it plays a significant
`role to negotiate and arrange such discontinuous transmission
`and reception opportunities for the communication devices.
`Embodiments of the invention may be applied in co1mec-
`tion with a communication medium shared among a set of
`communications devices. For example, a shared charmel in a
`communications system may use an embodiment of the
`invention, where other charmels employ different allocation
`schemes. As a second example, all information transmission
`in a communications system may be designed to operate in
`accordance with embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a communications system
`100 where embodiments of the invention are applicable. The
`communications system 100 contains a plurality of trans-
`ceiver network elements 110a, 110b and 110c. In some com-
`munications systems,
`these transceiver network elements
`may be called base stations or access points. Each base station
`may contain one or more sectors, each sector forming a com-
`munication cell. The communications system 100 may fur-
`ther contain a controller network element 120 responsible for
`controlling transmission resources. As an alternative, the con-
`trol functionality may be implemented in a distributed man-
`ner in the transceiver network elements 110. The communi-
`cation system may further contain a router 130, responsible
`for packet-switched transport functionality. The router 130
`typically provides access to further routers and packet-data
`networks.
`A communications device 101 communicates with the
`
`communication system 100 by receiving information trans-
`mitted by one or more than one transceiver network element
`110 and by transmitting information to the communications
`system. It is possible that the signal transmitted by the com-
`munications device 101 is received and processed by one or
`more transceiver network element 110. It is also possible that
`the signal transmitted by a transceiver 110 of a communica-
`tions system, is received by one or more communications
`device 101.
`
`Embodiments of the invention do not set any specific
`requirements on the multiplexing or modulation techniques
`used in the communications system 100. The communica-
`tions system 100 may employ any suitable combination of
`multiplex techniques. The term transmission resources in this
`description refers to any set oftransmission resources that can
`be divided between a set of communications devices. For
`
`example, communications devices 101 may be multiplexed
`using frequency and/or time and/or code division techniques.
`Communications devices may use frequency division, time
`division, or code division techniques or any set of their com-
`binations. Non-orthogonal multiplexing may also be used,
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`where multiple users share the same orthogonal transmission
`resource, for example space-division or dirty paper coding
`techniques. The communications system 100 may employ
`any modulation technique, including multicarrier modula-
`tion, compatible with the multiplexing techniques used in the
`communications system 100.
`In embodiments of the invention, information is transmit-
`ted using a series of sets of transmission resources. A set of
`transmission resources may be, for example, a radio frame, a
`composition of frames (a superfrarne), a set of slots or sym-
`bols in a frame, or data blocks on a shared medium. Allocation
`of transmission resources within a set of transmission
`
`resources is defined by allocation information associated with
`the set of transmission resources. This allocation information
`is often referred to as an allocation table, and allocation
`information is called AllocationTable below in connection
`with the second embodiment. Allocation information of a set
`of transmission resources contains at least identifiers associ-
`ated with those communications devices to which transmis-
`
`sion resources are allocated in the set. By monitoring this
`allocation information a communications device may deter-
`mine whether the set of transmission resources contains a
`
`resource allocated for this communications device. Typically
`allocation information contains also information indicating
`which part of the set of transmission resources is allocated to
`a communications device indicated in the allocation informa-
`
`tion. Alternatively, this information may be implicit, for
`example, based on the order of identifiers in the allocation
`information. For example, ifa set oftransmission resources is
`allocated in fixed-sized chunks, the order of the identifiers
`unambiguously defines the resource allocation of a set of
`transmission resources. Allocation information may further
`contain various other details, as the order and size of the
`allocated resources, as discussed below. A set oftransmission
`resources may be allocated to a single communications
`device, or the transmission resources of a set may be allocated
`among a plurality of communications devices.
`It is appreciated that alternatively to being associated with
`a single communications device, an identifier in an allocation
`table (or o