The abstract is missing from the original file history.
`
`Sorry for any inconvenience.
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 1 of 22
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`Groupon, Inc.
`Exhibit 1020
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`

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`355w" l
`
`%¥
`
`M/279424
`
`
`
`.
`
`'INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM\
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`This invention relates generally to information distribution,
`
`and more particularly to distributing information using a broadcast
`
`channel and a bi-directional communication channel,
`
`Background of the Invention
`
`Recent advancements in modem and computer technology
`
`allow large amount of digital data to be transmitted electronically.
`
`A number of information providers (such as newspaper and
`
`magazine publishers) and on—line information distributors have
`
`formed partnerships to deliver newspaper and other information
`
`on-line. In this system, a subscriber uses a computer and a modem
`
`to connect, through a regular phone line, to the computer of an on-
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`line information provider. The subscriber can retrieve information,
`
`including newspaper articles, stored in the computer of the
`
`information provider.
`
`On-line delivery of newspaper has many advantages. For
`
`example, the information can be up dated throughout the day while
`
`the printed version is printed only once or twice a day. Further, it
`
`is possible to do text-based searches on the information. However,
`
`it is found that on-line deliver of newspaper and other information
`
`is slow. For example, a subscriber has to wait many seconds for a
`
`newspaper article to be delivered. The quality of the electronic
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 2 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 2 of 22
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`

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`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`l—‘
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`(DOOflfiw-Pewm
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`
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`NNNNNNV—‘l—‘l—‘D—‘O—ll—ll—‘D—i—‘l—lUinwat—tOCDOOQGEUIiP-OJNHO
`
`newspaper is low. For example, in order to reduce storage and
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`communication requirements, graphic images appeared in the
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`printed version are not universally supplied in the on-line version
`
`of newsp aper. One of the reasons for such poor performance is the
`
`limited bandwidth of communication channels used by on-line
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`information distributors. Another reason is that information is
`
`centrally processed by the computer at the site of the information
`
`distributor, with the result that each subscriber only gets a small
`
`slice of the time of the computer.
`
`Summary of the Invention
`
`The present invention uses two channels to deliver digital
`
`information: a broadcast channel and a bi-directional channel. The
`
`broadcast channel is used to deliver the bulb of the digital
`
`information to subscribers The am0unt of informatiOn delivered is
`
`preferably sufficient to satisfy the needs of a large number of
`
`subscribers so that they do not have to obtain additional
`
`information using the bi-directional channel. The broadcasted
`
`information is stored on fast storage media located at subscriber
`
`sites. As a result, search and retrieval of the broadcasted
`
`information is quick. Further, the broadcasted information is
`
`processed locally using a dedicated on-site processor instead of
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`relying on the computers of the information distributors. As a
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`result, the load on the computers of the information distributors is
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`reduced; If the subscribers desire to receive additional information
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`Ex. 1020- Page 3 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 3 of 22
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`f
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`Chan: July 23, 1994
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`relating to the broadcasted information, the bi-directional
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`communication channel is used to transmit the request and the
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`requested information.
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`The distribution costs of broadcast channels are typically
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`much lower than that of a bi-directional communication channel.
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`Consequently, the major portion of information is delivered using
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`low cost distribution channels. For a large number of subscribers,
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`the broadcasted information will provide all the information they
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`normally need. Thus, expensive bi-directional communication
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`channels are used only occasionally.
`
`These and other features and advantages of the present
`
`invention will be fully understood by referring to the following
`
`detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying
`
`drawings,
`
`Brief Description of the Drawings
`
`Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing an information
`
`distribution system of the present invention.
`
`Fig. 2A shows a newspaper article as displayed on a monitor
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`of the information distribution system shown in Fig. l.
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`{DOO‘QOTIUIi-FADDM
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 4 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 4 of 22
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`Chan: July 23, 1994
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`Fig. ZB shows the contents of the broadcast information
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`which corresponds to the newspaper article of Fig. 2A.
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`Fig, 3 shows another embodiment of the information
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`distribution system of the present invention.
`
`Detailed Description of the Invention
`
`Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an information distribution
`
`system 100 in accordance with the present invention. In this
`
`embodiment, system 100 is designed to electronically distribute
`
`newspaper. It should be pointed out that system 100 can also be
`
`used advantageously to distribute other types of information.
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`System 100 contains a plurality of subscriber units (such as units
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`102 and 104) each connected to a bi—directional communication
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`channel (e.g., telephone connections 106 and 108 coupled to units
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`102 and 104, respectively) and a satellite transponder 1 10 for
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`broadcasting digital data to these subscriber units. Telephone
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`connections 106 and 108 (which could be line-based or wireless) are
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`coupled to a central database 109. In system 100, satellite
`
`transponder 110 is used to broadcast the content of a newspaper to
`
`the subscriber units while telephone connections 106 and 108 are
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`used to provide additional information (stored in central database
`
`109) to subscriber units 102 and 104, respectively, on a demand
`
`basis.
`
`(DODK‘IG'JCHBWNI—t
`NNNNNI—lU—II—lwp—‘Hi—on—Ii—Ip—a
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 5 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 5 of 22
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`

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`Chan: July 23. 1994
`
`The structure of these subscriber units are substantially
`
`identical; consequently, only one of these units, such as unit 102, is
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`described in detail. Unit 102 contains an antenna 116 for receiving
`
`broadcast signals from satellite transponder 1 10, a signal/data
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`processor 118 for performing signal and data processing functions,
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`a monitor 120 for displaying the electronic newspaper, and an
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`input device 122 (such as a keyboard and/or a mouse).
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`Signal/data processor 118 contains a transponder interface
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`132 for processing transponder signal received from antenna 1 16.
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`Transponder interface 132 typically contains a low noise receiver
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`for receiving high frequency (e.g., C or Ku band) transponder signal
`
`and a "universal data interface" for converting the transponder
`
`signal to digital data. The retrieved data is stored in nonvolatile
`
`storage 134, such as a hard disk or solid state flash memory.
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`Preferably, satellite transponder 110 broadcasts the newspaper
`
`data at predetermined times. Thus, a real—time clock 136 is
`
`preferably used to turn on interface 132 at the predetermined
`
`times. Processor 118 contains a microcomputer 140 which
`
`coordinates the operation of clock 136, nonvolatile storage 134, and
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`interface 132. Processor 118 also contains a communication
`
`interface 142 for sending and receiving digital data from central
`
`database 109 through telephone connection 106.
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 6 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 6 of 22
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`Chan: July 23, 1994
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`The time for broadcast is preferably chosen when
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`communication load of transponder 110 is at a low level (e.g.,
`
`around mid-night). As a result, the cost of information delivery is
`
`low. Alternatively, the time of broadcasting is chosen by
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`transponder 110 because it knows when communication load is
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`light. In this case, transponder 110 first sends a signal to
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`signal/data processor 118 for alerting processor 118 to receive and
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`process the newspaper information.
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`A user can use the input device 122 and monitor 120 to read
`
`the content of the electronic newspaper stored in nonvolatile
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`storage 134. In this embodiment, the complete content of the
`
`newspaper is stored in nonvolatile storage 134. The term "complete
`
`content" means that the user is able to read the newspaper without
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`relying on information stored in central database 109 (although
`
`other embodiments may deliver less than the complete content). In
`
`this aspect, system 100 functions in a similar way as the
`
`distribution of a conventional printed newspaper. However, the
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`digital data of the electronic newspaper delivered by satellite
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`transponder 110 preferably contains linkage reference which allows
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`fast retrieval of additional information from central database 109.
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`If the newspaper information received from satellite
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`transponder 1 10 is sufficient to satisfy the needs of a user,
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`signal/data processor 118 will not activate telephone connection
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`vFRC’ON
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 7 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 7 of 22
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`

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`Chan: July 23, 1994
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`1
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`wmqmmewm
`NMMNI—‘l—‘t—‘P—‘l—‘HL—‘HHH
`agwwwowmqomexwwo
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`106. However, if the user wishes to receive additional information
`
`relating to an item mentioned in the electronic newspaper (e.g., by
`
`selecting at the item using the input device), process 118 will
`
`retrieve the information stored in central database 109 using the
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`embedded linkage reference.
`
`In system 100 of the present invention, the complete content
`
`of the electronic newspaper (including graphics and other
`
`multimedia contents, if delivered) is stored in nonvolatile storage
`
`134, which has fast access time. Further, a dedicated processor
`
`(1e, microcomputer 140) is used to process newspaper information.
`
`On the other hand, prior art on—line newspaper distribution
`
`systems rely on modem to deliver the content Of the newspaper
`
`stored in a central site. Further; the processor in the central site
`
`has to serve many users in delivering the newspaper, As a result,
`
`system 100 has superior performance compared to the prior art on-
`
`line newspaper delivery systems.
`
`If it is desirable to limit circulation of the newspaper to a
`
`certain class of subscribers only (e.g., paid subscribers), the data
`
`transmitted by transponder 110 could be encrypted. As a result,
`
`only subscribers who have a decryption key are able to read the
`
`newspaper,
`
`In the case, microcomputer 140 also performs
`
`decryption functions.
`
`
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 8 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 8 of 22
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`

`

`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`Fig. 2A shows an example of a portion of a newspaper article
`
`as seen on monitor 120. In Fig. 2A, the terms which a user may
`
`obtain additional information are underlined (or highlighted in
`
`other ways, such as setting in different colors, depending on the
`
`choice of the publisher). If desired, the user may select these terms
`
`using a pointing device, such as a mouse, and signal/data processor
`
`118 will obtain the additional information from central database
`
`109.
`
`Fig. 2B shows the same portion in Fig. 2A as transmitted by
`
`transponder 1 10 (for simplicity, the embedded formatting codes,
`
`such as center, bold, etc., are not shown). Each of the terms
`
`underlined in Fig. 2A are enclosed by a special symbol (e.g.. the
`
`"‘Y‘" symbol) and followed by a linkage reference enclosed by
`
`another special symbol (e.g., the "38” symbol). These symbols are
`
`invisible to the users and is recognizable only by microcomputer
`
`140.
`
`When an underlined term in Fig. 2A is selected by a user,
`
`microcomputer 140 extracts the linkage reference and transmits it
`
`to central database 109. The linkage reference allows central
`
`database 109 to retrieve the necessary information quickly without
`
`doing extensive searches. As a result, the response time of system
`
`100 is fast. The retrieved information can itself contains linkage
`
`references and can be searched.
`
`290040501st
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 9 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 9 of 22
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`

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`Chant July 23, 1994
`
`40591th
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`1030
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`If the speed of searching and retrieving data by central
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`database 109 is fast, it may not be necessary to include linkage
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`reference in the information broadcasted by transponder 110. In
`
`this case, the user selects (e.g., using the mouse) words and terms
`
`he/she is interested in. Signal/data processor 118 transmits the
`
`selected items to central database 109, which searches for matches
`
`in its database. Matched information is sent to subscriber unit 102
`
`for processing,
`
`The bi-directional channel also allows updating of the
`
`broadcasted information. There is typically a time difference
`
`between the broadcast and display of information. New
`
`information gathered during this time difference can be stored in
`
`central database 109 and later transmitted to sign al/data processor
`
`118.
`
`In this embodiment of the present invention, satellite
`
`transponder 110 is used as the vehicle to electronically broadcast
`
`newspaper. However, other broadcast distribution methods can be
`
`used. In the present invention, broadcast is defined as one-to-many
`
`distribution of information. The broadcast distribution channels do
`
`not have to be electrical. For example, the present invention allows
`
`the distribution of CDROMS encoded with digital information to the
`
`subscriber sites. In the case of electrical broadcast cemmunication
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 10 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 10 of 22
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`

`

`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`channels, both wired and wireless can be used. Preferably,
`
`unidirectional channels are used for broadcast because of their low
`
`cost; however, the present invention does not preclude the use of bi-
`
`directional communication channels (such as telephone lines) as
`
`means for distributing broadcast (i.e., one to many) information.
`
`Current technology allows the size of antenna 116 to be as
`
`small as 2 feet. The costs of antenna 116 and transponder interface
`
`132 is already low enough to be within the reach of small business
`
`or a typical household. The newspaper publisher has to pay for the
`
`use of the transponder. However, the costs is comparable to the
`
`printing and distribution costs of printed newspaper. It is
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`anticipated that the costs of the newspaper distribution system in
`
`accordance with the present invention will be lowered as the
`
`number of subscribers increases.
`
`Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a newspaper
`
`distribution system 200 of the present invention. System 200
`
`contains a satellite transponder 210, an earth station 2 14, and a
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`plurality of subscriber units, such as units 222 and 224.
`
`Transponder 210 functions in a similar way as transponder 110 of
`
`Fig. 1 and subscriber units 222 and 224 function in a similar way
`
`as subscriber units 102 and 104 of Fig. 1. Earth station 214-
`
`receives digital data transmitted by transponder 210 using an
`
`antenna 216. The data is distributed to subscriber units 222 and
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`10
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 11 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 11 of 22
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`

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`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`mandamus-wrote
`NNNNMHHi—Ir—IHHHHHH
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`224 via wired communication channel 228, such as cable and optic
`
`fiber. Other earth stations could be placed in strategic locations
`
`throughout the country to serve their respective subscribers in a
`
`similar manner as earth station 214 and subscriber units 222 and
`
`224 As a result, a large geographic area can be served
`
`simultaneously by satellite transponder 210. The advantage of this
`
`embodiment is that the equipment costs incurred by the subscriber
`
`units are low.
`
`In some locations, it may not be desirable to use wired
`
`communication channel to link an earth station to subscribers. In
`
`such case, wireless communication channel could be used. Fig. 3
`
`shows an earth station 234 which receives transponder signal from
`
`transponder 2 10 using an antenna 236. Earth station 234 in turn
`
`broadcasts the digital data to its subscribers, such as subscriber
`
`units 242 and 244.
`
`In one embodiment of system 200, teletext technology is used
`
`to link earth station 234 and subscriber units 242 and 244. Thus,
`
`earth station 234 could be located adjacent to a television
`
`transmission station. The digital data received by earth station
`
`234 can be integrated to the vertical blanking interval of a TV
`
`signal, which is broadcasted using an antenna 238. Subscriber
`
`units 242 and 244 receive the signal using antennas 239, and 240,
`
`respectively. The digital data is then retrieved. Various
`
`11
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 12 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 12 of 22
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`

`

`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`improvements and refinements of the teletext technology are well
`
`known and can be incorporated into system 200.
`
`It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that
`
`systems 100 and 200 are not limited to the distribution of
`
`newspaper. Further, electronic newspapers of the future may
`
`contains contents which are not available in the printed version,
`
`such as video and other multimedia compositions. Other
`
`information, such as magazines, graphic images, electronic mails,
`
`computer games, multimedia work, or interactive movie, could also
`
`be advantageously distribution using a system similar to systems
`
`100 and 200. For example, if it is desirable to distribute interactive
`
`movie, the non-interactive portion can be broadcasted while the
`
`interactive portion is delivered using a bidirectional channel.
`
`There has thus shown and described a novel information
`
`distribution system. Many changes, modifications, variations and
`
`other uses and applications of the subject invention will become
`
`apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this
`
`specification and the accompanying drawings, All such changes,
`
`modifications, variations, uses, and applications are covered by the
`
`scope of this invention which is limited only by the appended
`
`claims.
`
`//
`
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 13 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 13 of 22
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`

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`wm—Jmmgmm
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`Chan: July 23, 1994
`
`I Claim:
`
`subscriber sites, comprising:
`
`data to said subscriber sites;
`
`An information distribution system for v '
`
`
`
`digital information to subscribers located in a plurality of
`
`a broadcast communication channel for bro casting digital
`
`a central database containing digi .I data existed prior to the
`
`generation of said broadcasted digi . data;
`
`means in at least one of z'. id subscriber sites for sending a
`request for a portion of s . ' preexisted digital data to said central
`
`
`database, said requ : being sent in response to action by a
`subscriber in s ' a at least one subscriber site; and
`
`
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`
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`13
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 14 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 14 of 22
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`W '
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`
`5
`
`6
`
`the specification of which (check only one item below):
`
`COMBINED DECLARATION FOR PATENT APPLICATION AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
`
`
`insertion Rnlorenca to PCT International loot-canon“
`
`
`
`As a below named inventor. I hereby declare that;
`
`
`My residence. post office address and citizenship are as stated below next to my name.
`
`
`I believe 1 am the original. first and sole inventor (if only one name is listed below) or an original. first and joint
`
`
`inventor (if plural names are listed belowl of the subject matter whith is claimed and for which a patent is sought
`on the invention entitled:
`’
`
`
`
`His attached hereto
`
`n was filed as United States application
`Serial No.
`
`on
`
`and was amended
`
`on
`(if applicable).
`
`
`D was filed as PCT international appliation
`Number
`
`on
`
`
`and was amended under PCT Article l9 on
`
`
`
`
`
`(if applicable)
`
` I hereby state that I have reviewed and understand the contents of the above-identified specification. including
`
`lhc Cllll'l'la. as amended by any amendment referred to above.
` i acknowlege the duty to disclose information Which is material to the examination of this application in
`
`accordance with Title 37. Code of Federal Regulations. ll.56(a).
`
`I hereby claim foreign priority benefits under Title )5. United States Code. §II9 of any foreign appliutionts)
`
`least one country
`for patent or inventor’s certificate or of any PCT international applicationisl designatin; at
`
`
`other than the United Statea of America listed below and have also identified below any foreign application“) .
`for patent or inventor's certificate or any PCT international application“) designating at least one country other
`
`
`than the United States of America filed by me on the same subject matter having a filing date before that of the
`applicationlsl of which priority is claimed:
`
`
`PRIOR FOREIGNIPCT APPUCATIONISI AND ANV PIIOIITY CLAIMS UNDER 35 U.S.C. 1197
`
`or” i". may tour
`
`”will
`
`us d'fllflnlwcmm Downtime-Ion:-
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`(January l99l)
`
`(r—
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 15 of 22
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 15 of 22
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`

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`i
`
`”PT AND HANDLING OF MAIL AND PAPERS
`
`509.03
`910/an 09 (to-92)
`
`VERIFIED STATEMENT CLAIMING SMALL ENTITY STATUS
`(37 CFR 1.9m 8t l.27(b))--INDEPENDENT INVENTOR
`
`Docket Number (Optional)
`
`'ApplimnlorPatentee:
`Serial or Patent No.:
`
`Hod-k C- Chafl
`
`J
`
`2.?)
`
`0m
`
`
`
`
`
`filed or Issued:
`
`Title:
`
`As a below named inventor. I hereby declare that! qualify as an independent inventor as defined in 37 CFR 1.9(c) for
`purposes of paying reduced tees to the Patent and Trademark Office described in:
`
`E the specification filed herewith with title as listed above.
`D the applieation identified above.
`E] the patent ichntified above.
`
`I have not assigned. granted. conveyedor licensed and am under noobligatim undercontracttr law to assign. grant.
`convey or licutse. any rights in the invaition to any person who would not qualify as an independent inventor tmder 37
`CR 1.9(c) ifdtatpersonbadtnadethe invention. ortoany men which would notqualil'yasa smallbusiness
`concern under 37 CPR 1.9(d) or a nmpnt'tt organization under 37 CHI l.9(e).
`
`Earn person. concern or organization to which I have assigned. grated. conveyed. or licensed or am under an obliga-
`tion under contract or law to assign. grant. convey. or license any rights in the invention is listed below:
`m Nosmhpamcmcem.ororgmiutimexists.
`D Fach such person. concern ororganiutiui is listed below.
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`Separate verified statunents are required from each named person. cmcern or agonization having rights to the inven-
`tion averting to their status as small entities. (37 CFR 1.27)
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`I acknowledge the duty to file. in this mplication or patent. notification of my change in ruins resulting in loss of
`entitlement to small entity status prior to paying. or at the time ofpeying. the earliest of the issue fee orany mainte-
`nance fee due after thedate on which slants as Ismail unity is no longer mine. (37 CFR 128(0))
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`Rev. l4. Nov, l992
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 17 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 17 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 18 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 18 of 22
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`Two physicists announced that
`K-~S Particle Found? 1}
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`the Nobel
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`laureates, Professors (Y’Kendrick Chan‘Y’flAZIQSDCBa’C and
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`indicating the detection of the K—S particles in a series
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`the ‘Y‘International Super—
`of experiments carried out at
`High Energy Accelerator‘Y'xC347A-193gfl
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`FIG 2B
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`CWM Illa L; (WW
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 19 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 19 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 20 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 20 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 21 of 22
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 21 of 22
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`KS Particle Found
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`'J‘wn 'lishysicists announced that they had four; d the
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`“175‘ Lisa Smith and John Doe, showed computer
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`linirtiicluss in a :3 {New of experiments carried out) at, th e
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`ugliernat iolygd Super—High Energy Accele’ratgr.
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`”Mm“..-.._._.____._,,...-,__._
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`FIG. 2A
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`TWO physicists announced that
`li'tlI‘tlltill“: medfl 1'
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`the ‘Y’K—S paflzin'le‘Y'fifiFEBSUABI‘rfi.
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`this W111 verify the theory of the Nobel
`and
`iluun'auLes, Professors ‘Y‘Kendrick Chan‘Y’flAQfiDCBfifi
`‘Y'Snphia Chan‘Yjag 8511025338. who firm: postulated they
`mrwi ante HF the RES particle ten years 513:].
`The
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`‘Y‘Lisa Smith‘Y’ae BUQBBEfiz and rY’Jc-hn
`1113.
`plummiats...
`shamed computer generated regults
`1.1ue‘wafimc733538 ..
`:iruiimitating the detectinn of the E—S particles:
`in a series
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`:exwariments: carrier! (3:111; at the ‘Y'l'n.1;ernational Super-—
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`”(an Energy Anceler‘aturtywagC34’7A493g‘1
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`Ex. 1020 - Page 22 of 22
`
`Ex. 1020 - Page 22 of 22
`
`