EXHIBIT 1013
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`

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`
`
`Hawley ’s
`
`Condensed Chemical
`
`Dictionary
`
`TWELFTH EDITION
`
`Revised by
`
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`
`x;
`
`VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY
`———-————— New York
`
`

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`Copyright © 1993 by Van Nostrand Reinhold
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 92—18951
`ISBN 0—442—01 131~8
`
`All rights reserved. Certain portions of this work © 1930, 1920, 1919 by The Chemical Catalog Co., Inc., and
`1987, 1981, 1977, 1971, 1966, 1956, 1950 by Van Nostrand Reinhold. No part of this work covered by the copyright
`hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including pho-
`tocopying, recording, taping, or informational storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the
`publisher.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`Published by Van Nostrand Reinhold
`115 Fifth Avenue
`New York, NY 10003
`
`Chapman and Hall
`2-6 Boundary Row
`London, SE1 8HN
`
`Thomas Nelson Australia
`102 Dodds Street
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`Victoria, Australia
`
`Nelson Canada
`1 120 Birchmount Road
`Scarborough, Ontario MlK 564, Canada
`
`16151413121110987654321
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Condensed chemical dictionary.
`Hawley’s condensed chemical dictionary.—12th ed./revised by
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-442-01 131—8
`I. Hawley,Gessner Goodrich, 1905—1983
`1. Chemistry—Dictionaries.
`11. Lewis, Richard J.,Sr.
`111. Title.
`QD5.C5
`1992
`540’ .3—dc20
`
`92—18951
`ClP
`
`
`
`

`

`“ALATHON”
`
`30
`
`(5-amino-4-imidazole carboximide riboside-5’—
`triphosphate).
`See also nucleotide.
`
`“Alathon” [Du Pont]. TM for a polyethylene
`resin. “Alathon” 0-0530, designated as a rein-
`forced polyethylene, contains 30% by weight of
`glass fiber treated with a proprietary coupling
`agent that optimizes its reinforcing properties.
`
`Alberti furnace. A reverberatory furnace for
`roasting mercury ores, the mercury being con-
`densed in iron tubes and brick chambers.
`
`Albert-Prechteffect. A technique used in pho-
`tography to produce a reversed image. The ex-
`posed surface is immersed in chromic acid. It is
`then exposed to uniform light and developed
`over.
`
`“Albigen” [BASF]. TM for a water—soluble
`polymer used in the textile industry for stripping
`vat and other dyestuffs. Has no affinity for the
`fiber; promotes the stripping effect of alkaline
`hydrosulfite solutions.
`
`“Albion Sperse” [Albion]. CAS: 1332—58-7.
`TM for pure low iron and low alkali kaolin.
`Use: As raw material to refractories, chemical,
`ceramic, rubber adhesives, fiberous glass, cata-
`lysts, filler, and paper.
`
`“Albone” [Du Pont]. TM for a series of hydro-
`gen peroxide solutions which vary in hydrogen
`peroxide content from 35% to 90% by weight.
`See hydrogen peroxide.
`
`albumen. Commercial term for dried egg white
`used in the food industry.
`See albumin, egg.
`
`albumin. Any of a group of water-soluble pro—
`teins of wide occurrence in such natural prod-
`ucts as milk (Iactalbumin), blood serum, and
`eggs (ovalbumin). They are readily coagulated
`by heat and hydrolyze to a—amino acids or their
`derivatives.
`See following entries.
`
`(ovalbumin). Chief protein oc-
`albumin,egg.
`curring in egg white as a viscous, colorless fluid;
`it becomes an amorphous solid when dried,
`which can be reconstituted with water. It is a
`heat-sensitive colloidal material which coagu-
`lates irreversibly at approximately 60C (140F).
`The dried product is available in commercial
`quantities.
`Use: Protective colloid and emulsifying agent in
`bakery products (especially angel cake), clarifi-
`cation of wines, adhesives, paper coatings, phar—
`maceuticals, enzyme activation,
`lithography,
`
`analytical reagent, antidote for mercury poison—
`ing, mordant in dyes.
`Note: A recombinant DNA technique has made
`possible the formation of ovalbumin by the bac—
`terium E. coli.
`
`(lactalbumin). A component of
`albumin, milk.
`skim milk protein (2 to 5%). Can be crystallized.
`Exact function is not known, but probably aids
`in stabilization of the fat particles.
`See also milk.
`
`ALCA. See American Leather Chemists’ Associ-
`ation.
`
`alchemy. The predecessor of chemistry, prac-
`ticed from as early as 500 BC through the 16th
`century. Its two principal goals were transmuta—
`tion of the baser metals into gold and discovery
`of a universal remedy. Modern chemistry grew
`out of alchemy by gradual stages.
`
`alchlor process. To remove the unstable compo-
`nents of lubricating oil, this process used alumi-
`num chloride instead of sulfuric acid.
`
`alcian blue.
`Properties: Greenish-black crystals with metallic
`sheen. Soluble in ethanol, cellosolve, ethylene
`glycol.
`Use: Gelling agent for lubricating fluids, bacte—
`rial stain for histiocytes and fibroblasts.
`
`Alcoa process. A more efficient method of pro-
`ducing aluminum from bauxite which requires
`one-third less electric power than the Hall pro-
`cess. Alumina is reacted with chlorine, the re—
`sulting aluminum chloride yielding the metal
`and chlorine on electrolysis. No fluorine is re-
`quired in the process. Prototype plants are
`under development.
`
`alcohol. A broad class of hydroxyI-containing
`organic compounds occurring naturally in
`plants and made synthetically from petroleum
`derivatives such as ethylene. Many are manufac-
`tured in tonnage quantities.
`The many types may be summarized as follows:
`I. Monohydric (1 OH group)
`I. Aliphatic
`(a) paraffinic (ethanol)
`(b) olefinic (allyl alcohol)
`Alicyclic (cyclohexanol)
`Aromatic (phenol, benzyl alcohol)
`Heterocyclic (furfuryl alcohol)
`5. Polycyclic (sterols)
`II. Dihydric (2 OH groups): glycols and deriva-
`tives (diols)
`III. Trihydric (3 OH groups): glycerol and de-
`rivatives
`IV. Polyhydric (polyols) (3 or more OH groups)
`
`5‘5".“
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Use: (
`bever
`fuels.
`For ft
`dric,
`
`alcohol
`
`alcohol
`imal
`and (
`other
`Use: 1
`
`alcoho
`whic
`unfit
`sons:
`Den:
`(SD!
`offic
`inclt
`must
`quas
`tain
`SDA
`cohc
`cohc
`21 an
`IRS.
`Prop-
`Haza
`100(
`Use:
`Cher
`fuel
`
`alcolu
`
`alcohu
`and
`sper
`nan
`
`alcohi
`
`alcoh:
`coh
`to h
`to f
`star
`Bot
`erer
`See 2
`
`“Aid.-
`of 5
`Use:
`
`“Aid
`Use:
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`Use: Organic synthesis for solvents, detergents,
`beverages, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and
`fuels.
`For further information, see monohydric, dihy-
`dric, trihydric, polyol, and specific alcohol.
`
`alcohol, absolute. See ethyl alcohol.
`
`alcohol dehydrogenase. An enzyme found in an-
`imal and plant tissue which acts upon ethanol
`and other alcohols producing acetaldehyde and
`other aldehydes.
`Use: Biochemical research.
`
`to
`alcohol, denatured. CAS: 64-17-5. Ethanol
`which another liquid has been added to make it
`unfit to use as a beverage (chiefly for tax rea-
`sons). In the U.S., it may be either Completely
`Denatured (CDA) or Specially Denatured
`(SDA). At least 50 formulations are authorized
`officially for making denatured alcohol. They
`include the following denaturants: SDA 408
`must contain brucine, brucine sulfate, or
`quassin plus tert—butanol; SDA 40A must con—
`tain sucrose octaacetate plus tert-butyl alcohol;
`SDA 40B must contain Bitrex and tert-butyl al-
`cohol; SDA40C must contain only tert-butyl a1-
`cohol. For exact formulas, consult 27CFR Part
`21 and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Division of
`IRS, Washington, DC.
`Properties: See ethanol.
`Hazard: Flammable, dangerous fire risk; TLV:
`1000 ppm in air.
`Use: Manufacture of acetaldehyde and other
`chemicals, solvents, antifreeze and brake fluids,
`fuels.
`
`alcohol, grain. Ethanol made from grain.
`
`alcohol,industrial. A mixture of 95% ethanol
`and 5% water, plus additives for denaturing or
`special solvent purposes. See also alcohol, de—
`natured.
`
`alcohol, wood. See methyl alcohol.
`
`alcoholysis. A chemical reaction between an al-
`cohol and another organic compound analogous
`to hydrolysis. The alcohol molecule decomposes
`to form a new compound with the reacting sub-
`stance; the other reaction product being water.
`Both hydrolysis and alcoholysis may be consid-
`ered as forms of solvolysis.
`See also solvolysis.
`
`“Aldactazide” [Searle]. TM for a combination
`of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide.
`Use: Drug.
`
`“Aldactone” [Searle]. TM for spironolactone.
`Use: Drug.
`
`ALDER-STEIN RULES
`
`aldehyde. A broad class of organic compounds
`having the generic formula RCHO, and charac-
`terized by an unsaturated carbonyl group
`(C=O). They are formed from alcohols by ei-
`ther dehydrogenation or oxidation, and thus oc-
`cupy an intermediate position between primary
`alcohols and the acids obtained from them by
`further oxidation. Their chemical derivation is
`indicated by the name: a[(cohol) + dehyd
`(rogenation). Aldehydes are reactive
`com-
`pounds participating in oxidation, reduction,
`addition, and polymerization reactions. For spe—
`cific properties, see individual compounds.
`
`(acetaldehyde ammonia; 1-
`aldehyde ammonia.
`amino-ethanol). CH3CH20NH2.
`
`OH
`
`\
`
`NH2
`
`Properties: White, crystalline solid; stable in
`closed containers; resinifies on long exposure to
`air. Very soluble in water and alcohol. Mp 97C
`(partly decomposes).
`Derivation: Action of acetaldehyde on ammonia.
`Hazard: Irritant to eyes and skin; moderate fire
`risk.
`Use: Accelerator for vulcanization of thread rub—
`ber, organic synthesis, source of acetaldehyde
`and ammonia.
`
`aldehydecollidine. See
`ine.
`
`2-methyl-5-ethylpyrid-
`
`aldehydine. See 2-methyI-5-ethy1pyridine.
`
`(1902—1958). A German chemist
`Alder, Kurt.
`who won the Nobel prize for chemistry along
`with Otto Diels in 1950 for a project involving a
`practical method for making ring compounds
`from chain compounds by forcing them to com-
`bine with maleic anhydride. This is known as the
`Diels-Alder reaction and provided a method for
`synthesis of complex organic compounds. He
`had degrees from the Universities of Berlin and
`Kiel.
`
`Alder-Rickert rule. Adducts of 1,3-cyclohexa-
`diene derivatives with acetylenedicarboxylic es-
`ters give phthalate ester and ethylene on heating.
`Similar adducts of cyclopentadiene revert on
`heating to starting materials (retro-Diels-Alder).
`
`Alder-Stein rules. Set of rules governing the ste-
`reochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction. The
`most important are: (1) The stereochemical rela—
`tionship of groups attached to the diene and the
`dienophile is maintained in the product (cis-ad-
`dition).
`(2) The product resulting from maxi-
`
`rcury poison-
`
`rue has made
`m by the bac-
`
`omponent of
`: crystallized.
`irobably aids
`
`tists’ Associ-
`
`iistry, prac-
`igh the 16th
`: transmuta-
`id discovery
`:mistry grew
`
`ible compo-
`used alumi—
`l.
`
`lith metallic
`re, ethylene
`
`Jids, bacte-
`sts.
`
`rod of pro—
`ch requires
`e Hall pro-
`ine, the re-
`the metal
`orine is re-
`plants are
`
`containing
`turally in
`petroleum
`: manufac-
`
`LS follows:
`
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