EXHIBIT 1003
`
`EXHIBIT 1003
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`
`
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`
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`

`

`For Distribution Only With a New PC
`TCP/IP
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 001
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`

`

`TCP/IP
`
`Microsoft. Windows Nr Server
`
`Version 3.5
`
`Microsoft Corporation
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 002
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`

`

`Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data usee
`examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced
`transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the
`express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`© 1985-1994 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
`
`Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, MSX, and Win32 are registered trademarks and Windows and Windowl
`are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries.
`
`Apple, AppleTalk, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
`CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.
`Open VMS is a registered trademark and DEC and DECnet are trademarks of Digital Equipment
`Corporation.
`HP is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
`IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
`Lotus and Lotus Notes are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation.
`Novell and Net Ware are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
`NT is a trademark of Northern Telecom Limited in the U.S.A. and other countries.
`PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
`Sun is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
`UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX Systems Laboratories.
`
`008.A6430.EN112
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 003
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`

`

`Contents
`
`iii
`
`Welcome ........................................................... xi
`What's New in This Release? .......................................... xii
`How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
`Documentation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
`Finding More Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
`
`Chapter 1 Overview of Microsoft TCPnP for Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
`What Is TCP!IP for Windows NT? ....................................... 2
`What Does Microsoft TCP!IP Include? ................................... 3
`Windows NT Solutions in TCP!IP lnternetworks ........................... 7
`Using TCP!IP for Scalability in Windows Networks ...................... 7
`Using TCP!IP for Connectivity to the Internet. .......................... 8
`TCP!IP for Heterogeneous Networking ............................... 10
`Using TCP!IP with Third-Party Software .............................. 11
`
`Chapter 2 Installing and Configuring Microsoft
`TCPnP and SNMP .................................................... 15
`Before Installing Microsoft TCP!IP ..................................... 16
`Installing TCP!IP .................................................... 17
`Configuring TCP!IP .................................................. 20
`Using DHCP .................................................... 20
`Configuring TCP!IP Manually ...................................... 21
`Configuring TCP!IP to Use DNS ....................................... 25
`Configuring Advanced TCP!IP Options .................................. 27
`Configuring SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
`Configuring SNMP Security ........................................ 32
`Configuring SNMP Agent Information ................................ 34
`Removing TCP!IP Components ........................................ 35
`Configuring RAS for Use with TCP/IP .................................. 36
`
`Chapter 3 Networking Concepts for TCPnP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
`TCP/IP and Windows NT Networking ................................... 38
`Internet Protocol Suite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
`Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol .................... 39
`User Datagram Protocol ........................................... 40
`Address Resolution Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol. . . . . . . . 40
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`iv
`
`Contents
`
`IP Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
`IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
`Network ID and Host ID ........................................ 42
`Subnet Masks ................................................. 43
`Routing and IP Gateways ........................................... 44
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ................................ 46
`Name Resolution for Windows Networking ............................... 48
`NetBIOS over TCP/IP and Name Resolution ........................... 50
`B-Node ...................................................... 51
`P-Node ...................................................... 51
`M-Node ...................................................... 52
`H-Node ...................................................... 52
`B-Node with LMHOSTS and Combinations ........................ 52
`Windows Internet Name Service and Broadcast Name Resolution .......... 53
`WINS in a Routed Environment .................................. 53
`WINS Name Registration ....................................... 58
`WINS Name Release ........................................... 58
`WINS Name Renewal .......................................... 59
`IP Addressing for RAS ............................................. 60
`Name Resolution with Host Files .................................... 61
`Domain Name System Addressing ................................... 62
`SNMP ............................................................. 65
`
`Chapter 4 Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
`Overview of DHCP Clients and Servers ................................. 68
`Installing DHCP Servers .............................................. 69
`Using DHCP Manager ............................................... 70
`Defming DHCP Scopes ............................................... 72
`Creating Scopes .................................................. 73
`Changing Scope Properties ......................................... 75
`Removing a Scope ................................................ 7 5
`Configuring DHCP Options ........................................... 75
`Assigning DHCP Configuration Options .............................. 76
`Creating New DHCP Options ....................................... 78
`Changing DHCP Option Values ..................................... 80
`Defining Options for Reservations ................................... 81
`Predefined DHCP Client Configuration Options ........................ 82
`Administering DHCP Clients .......................................... 87
`Managing Client Leases ............................................ 88
`Managing Client Reservations ....................................... 89
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`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 005
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`Contents
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`v
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`Managing the DHCP Database Files .................................... 91
`Troubleshooting DHCP ............................................... 92
`Restoring the DHCP Database ...................................... 93
`Backing up the DHCP Database onto Another Computer ................. 93
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for DHCP ........................... 94
`Registry Parameters DHCP Servers .................................. 95
`Registry Parameters for DHCP Clients ............................... 97
`Guidelines for Setting Local Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
`Guidelines for Managing DHCP Addressing Policy ..................... 97
`Dynamic Allocation of IP Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
`Manual Allocation of IP Addresses ................................ 99
`Guidelines for Lease Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
`Guidelines for Partitioning the Address Pool .......................... 100
`Guidelines for Avoiding DNS Naming Conflicts ....................... 100
`Using DHCP with Diskless Workstations ............................ 101
`Planning a Strategy for DHCP .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
`Planning a Small-Scale Strategy for DHCP Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
`Planning a Large-Scale Strategy for DHCP Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
`
`Chapter 5 Installing and Configuring WINS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05
`WINS Benefits.. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. 106
`Installing WINS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
`Administering WINS Servers ......................................... 107
`Configuring WINS Servers and Replication Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
`Configuring WINS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
`Configuring Replication Partners ................................... 116
`Configuring Replication Partner Properties ........................ 118
`Triggering Replication Between Partners .......................... 120
`Managing Static Mappings ........................................... 120
`Adding Static Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
`Editing Static Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
`Filtering the Range of Mappings.. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
`Managing Special Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
`Normal Group Names ......................................... 126
`Multihomed Names ........................................... 126
`Internet Group Names ......................................... 126
`How WINS Handles Special Names .............................. 127
`Setting Preferences for WINS Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
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`vi
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`Contents
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`Managing the WINS Database ........................................ 132
`Scavenging the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
`Viewing the WINS Database ...................................... 134
`Backing Up the Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
`Troubleshooting WINS .............................................. 137
`Basic WINS Troubleshooting ...................................... 137
`Restoring or Moving the WINS Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
`Restoring a WINS Database .................................... 139
`Restarting and Rebuilding a Down WINS Server ................... 139
`Moving the WINS Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for WINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
`Registry Parameters for WINS Servers .............................. 142
`Registry Parameters for Replication Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
`Parameters for Push Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
`Parameters for Pull Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
`Planning a Strategy for WINS Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
`Planning for Server Performance .................................... 145
`Planning Replication Partners and Proxies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
`Planning Replication Frequency Between Hubs ........................ 146
`
`Chapter 6 Setting Up LMHOSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
`Editing the LMHOSTS File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
`Rules for LMHOSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
`Guidelines for LMHOSTS ......................................... 150
`Using LMHOSTS with Dynamic Name Resolution ....................... 151
`Specifying Remote Servers in LMHOSTS ............................ 151
`Designating Domain Controllers Using #DOM ........................ 153
`Using Centralized LMHOSTS Files ................................. 155
`
`Chapter 7 Using the Microsoft FTP Server Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
`Installing the FTP Server Service ...................................... 158
`Configuring the FTP Server Service ............ , ....................... 159
`Administering the FTP Server Service .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
`Using FTP Commands at the Command Prompt. ....................... 164
`Managing Users ................................................. 164
`Controlling the FTP Server and User Access .......................... 165
`Annotating Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
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`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 007
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`Contents
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`vii
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`Changing Directory Listing Fonnat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
`Customizing Greeting and Exit Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
`Logging FTP Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
`Advanced Configuration Parameters for FfP Server Service ................ 167
`
`Chapter 8 Using Performance Monitor with TCPnP Services ............... 171
`Using Perfonnance Monitor with TCP!IP ............................... 172
`Monitoring TCP!IP Perfonnance ...................................... 173
`I CMP Perfonnance Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
`IP Perfonnance Counters .......................................... 175
`Network Interface Perfonnance Counters for TCP!IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
`TCP Perfonnance Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
`UDP Perfonnance Counters ....................................... 180
`Monitoring FTP Server Traffic ........................................ 180
`Monitoring WINS Server Perfonnance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
`
`Chapter 9 Internetwork Printing with TCPnP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
`Overview ofTCP!IP Printing ......................................... 184
`Setting Up Windows NT for TCP!IP Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
`Creating a Printerfor TCP!IP Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
`Printing to Windows NT from UNIX Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
`
`Chapter 10 Troubleshooting TCPnP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
`Troubleshooting IP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
`Troubleshooting Name Resolution Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
`Name Resolution Problems in HOSTS ............................ 193
`Name Resolution Problems in LMHOSTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
`Troubleshooting Other Connection Problems .......................... 193
`Troubleshooting Other Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
`Troubleshooting the FTP Server Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
`Troubleshooting Telnet ........................................... 196
`Troubl~shooting Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
`Troubleshooting TCP!IP Database Files ................................ 197
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 008
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`viii
`
`Contents
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`Appendixes
`
`Chapter 11 Utilities Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
`arp ............................................................... 200
`fmger ............................................................ 201
`ftp ............................................................... 201
`hostname .......................................................... 204
`ipconfig ................................................... '• ....... 205
`lpq ............................................................... 206
`lpr ............................................................... 206
`nbtstat ............................................................ 207
`netstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
`ping .............................................................. 210
`rep ............................................................... 212
`rexec ............................................................. 215
`route ............................................................. 216
`rsh ............................................................... 217
`telnet ............................................................. 218
`tftp ............................................................... 219
`tracert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
`
`Appendix A MIB Object Types for Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
`IAN Manager MIB II for Windows NT Objects ......................... 224
`Common Group ................................................. 224
`Server Group ................................................... 225
`Workstation Group ............................................... 228
`Domain Group .................................................. 228
`Microsoft DHCP Objects ............................................ 229
`DHCP MIB Parameters ........................................... 229
`DHCP Scope Group .............................................. 229
`Microsoft WINS Objects ............................................. 230
`WINS Parameters ................................................ 230
`WINS Dataflles Group ........................................... 232
`WINS Pull Group ................................................ 232
`WINS Push Group ............................................... 233
`WINS Cmd Group ............................................... 234
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 009
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`Contents
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`ix
`
`Appendix B Windows Sockets Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
`Vendors ..................................................... 237
`Internet Sources for Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
`
`Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
`
`Index ............................................................................... 253
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 010
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`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 011
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`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 011
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`

`

`Welcome
`
`xi
`
`Welcome to Microsoft® TCP/IP for Windows NT•w.
`
`Transmission Control ProtocoVIntemet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking protocol
`that provides communication across interconnected networks. This manual,
`Microsoft Windows NT Server TCP!IP, describes how to install, configure, and
`troubleshoot Microsoft TCP/IP on a computer running the Microsoft Windows NT
`Workstation or Windows NT Server operating system. It also provides a reference
`for the TCP/IP utilities and information about how to install and use the other
`TCP/IP services such as the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server service, TCP/IP
`printing, and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), plus the software to
`support new dynamic configuration and name resolution services.
`
`This manual assumes that you are familiar with the Microsoft Windows NT
`operating system. If you are not familiar with this product, refer to your
`Microsoft Windows NT documentation set.
`
`This introduction provides the following basic information:
`
`1 What's new in this release
`1 How to use this manual
`1 Document conventions
`1 Finding more information
`
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`xii
`
`TCPnP
`
`What's New in This Release?
`
`In this new version of Windows NT, TCPIIP capabilities have been expanded to
`include automatic TCP/IP configuration and powerful name resolution capabilities
`through the addition of new protocols and supporting administrative tools. New
`TCPIIP utilities plus the addition of performance counters for TCP/IP and related
`services will also help make administrative tasks easier. New elements include the
`following:
`
`• Enhanced speed and performance
`• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
`Microsoft TCP/IP supports automatic TCP/IP configuration through the new
`DHCP service. When DHCP servers are installed on the network, users can take
`advantage of dynamic IP address allocation and management.
`• Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
`Microsoft TCP/IP provides a powerful, new name resolution service for easy,
`centralized management of computer name-to-IP address resolution in medium
`and large intemetworks.
`• New TCP/IP utilities and commands
`This version includes a new Windows-based Telnet accessory for connecting to
`remote systems. The utilities provided with Microsoft TCP/IP have been
`expanded to include ipconfig for displaying current TCP/IP network
`configuration values, tracert for determining the route taken to a destination,
`lpq for showing print queue status for TCP/IP printing, and lpr for printing a
`file in TCP/IP printing.
`• Performance counters
`You can use Performance Monitor to track performance of the IP protocols, FfP
`Server service traffic, and WINS servers. You can also use SNMP to monitor
`and manage WINS and DHCP servers.
`• Multiple default gateways
`You can configure multiple default gateways for Windows NT computers. This
`ensures maximum reliability in networks that offer redundant routes.
`• TCP/IP printing
`With TCP/IP printing installed on a single Windows NT computer on the
`network, other Windows networking computers can print to a direct-connect
`TCP/IP printer or a UNIX®-connected printer, without any special client
`software.
`
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`

`How to Use This Manual
`
`Welcome
`
`xiil
`
`This manual contains the following chapters and appendix:
`
`Chapter 1, "Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT"
`Describes the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP and provides an
`overview of how you can use Microsoft TCP/IP to support various networking
`solutions.
`Chapter 2, "Installing and Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP and SNMP"
`Describes the process for installing and configuring Microsoft TCP/IP, SNMP,
`and Remote Access Service (RAS) with TCP/IP on a computer running
`Windows NT.
`Chapter 3, "Networking Concepts for TCP/IP"
`Presents key TCP/IP networking concepts for network administrators interested
`in a technical discussion of the elements that make up Microsoft TCP/IP.
`Chapter 4, "Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers"
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up servers to support the
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for Windows networks.
`Chapter 5, "Installing and Configuring WINS Servers"
`Presents the procedures and strategies for setting up Windows Internet Name
`Service servers.
`Chapter 6, "Setting Up LMHOSTS"
`Provides guidelines and tips for using LMHOSTS files for name resolution on
`networks.
`Chapter 7, "Using the Microsoft FfP Server Service"
`Describes how to install, configure, and administer the Microsoft FfP Server
`service.
`Chapter 8, "Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP Services"
`Describes how to use the performance counters for TCP/IP, FfP Server service,
`DHCP servers, and WINS servers.
`Chapter 9, "Internetwork Printing and TCP/IP"
`Describes how to install TCP/IP printing and create TCP/IP printers on
`Windows NT computers with Microsoft TCP/IP.
`Chapter 10, "Troubleshooting TCP/IP"
`Describes how to troubleshoot lP connections and use the diagnostic utilities to
`get information that will help solve networking problems.
`
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`xiv
`
`TCPnP
`
`Chapter 11, "Utilities Reference"
`Describes the TCPIIP utilities and provides syntax and notes.
`Appendix A, "I.AN Manager MIB II for Windows NT Objects"
`Describes the I.AN Manager MIB II objects provided when you install SNMP
`with Windows NT.
`Appendix B, "Windows Sockets Application Vendors"
`Lists third-party vendors who have created software based on the Windows
`Sockets standard to provide utilities and applications that run in heterogeneous
`networks that use TCP/IP. This appendix also lists Internet sources for public(cid:173)
`domain software based on Windows Sockets.
`
`The Glossary provides definitions ofTCP/IP and networking technical terms used
`in this manual.
`
`You can get online Help by pressing Fl in all dialog boxes for installing and
`configuring TCP/IP and related components. You can also get online Help about the
`Microsoft TCP/IP networking solutions and for the TCP/IP utilities.
`
`llll> To get help on Microsoft TCP/IP networking solutions
`• In File Manager, double-click TCPIP.HLP in \systemroot\SYSTEM32 (this
`could be C:\WINNT35\SYSTEM32, or wherever you installed the Windows
`NT system files).
`
`llll> To get help on TCP/IP utilities
`• At the command prompt, type a TCP/IP command name followed by the·?
`switch. For example, type ping ·? and press ENTER to get help on the ping
`command.
`-Or-
`1. In the Program Manager Main group, double-click the Windows NT Help icon.
`2. In the Windows NT Help window, click the Command Reference Help button.
`3. In the Commands window, click a command name.
`-Or-
`In the Command Reference window, choose the Search button, and then type a
`command name in the box or select a command name from the list.
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 015
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`Documentation Conventions
`
`Welcome
`
`xv
`
`This manual uses several type styles and special characters, described in the
`following list:
`
`Convention
`bold
`
`italic
`
`ALL UPPERCASE
`
`SMALL CAPITALS
`[brackets]
`
`... (ellipsis)
`._
`Windows NT
`
`\WINNTor
`\systemroot
`
`Use
`
`Represents commands, command options, and file entries. Type
`bold words exactly as they appear (for example, net use).
`Introduces new terms and represents variables. For example, the
`variable computer name indicates that you type the name of a
`workstation or a server.
`Represents filenames and paths. (You can, however, type such
`entries in uppercase or lowercase letters, or a combination of the
`two.)
`Represents keyboard names (for example, CfRL, ENTER, and F2).
`Encloses optional items in syntax statements. For example,
`[password] indicates that you can choose to type a password with
`the command. Type only the information within the brackets, not
`the brackets themselves .
`Indicates a command element may be repeated .
`Indicates a procedure.
`Refers to operating system and networking functionality that is
`available in both Windows NT Server and Windows NT
`Workstation.
`Refers to the Windows NT system tree. This can be \ WINNT,
`\ WINNT35, \WINDOWS, or whatever other directory name you
`specified when installing Windows NT.
`
`Finding More Information
`
`In addition to the standard ways for receiving technical support from Microsoft (as
`described in the Windows NT Server Installation Guide), you can get support for
`Windows NT via the Internet.
`
`Note Your computer must be connected to the Internet to take advantage of this
`service .
`
`._ To get Windows NT support via the Internet
`• Start ftp and connect to ftp.microsoft.com
`This support service uses anonymous FI'P under Windows NT to provide
`documentation, utilities, updated drivers, and other information for many
`Microsoft systems products.
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 016
`
`

`

`xvl
`
`TCPnP
`
`For a more technical discussion of the topics mentioned in this manual, refer to the
`following texts and articles:
`
`Allard, J. "DHCP-TCP/IP Network Configuration Made Easy," ConneXions,
`Volume 7, No.8, August 1993.
`Allard, J., K. Moore, and D. Treadwell. "Plug into Serious Network Programming
`with the Windows Sockets API," Microsoft Systems Journal, July: 35-40, 1993.
`Comer, D.lnternetworking with TCP/IP Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and
`Architecture. Second edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume II: Design,
`Implementation, and Internals. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`Comer, D. and D. Stevens. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume III: Client .Server
`Programming and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`Hall, M., et al. Windows Sockets: An Open Interface for Network Programming
`Under Microsoft Windows, Version 1.1, Revision A, 1993.
`Krol, E. The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly
`and Associates, 1992.
`Rose, M.T. The Simple Book. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 017
`
`

`

`CHAPTER
`
`l
`
`Overview of Microsoft TCP/IP
`for Windows NT
`
`Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP!IP) is a networking protocol
`that provides communication across interconnected networks made up of computers
`with diverse hardware architectures and various operating systems. TCP/IP can be
`used to communicate with Windows NT systems, with devices that use other
`Microsoft networking products, and with non-Microsoft systems, such as UNIX.
`
`This chapter introduces Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT. The topics in this
`chapter include the following:
`
`• What is TCP/IP for Windows NT?
`• What does Microsoft TCP/IP include?
`• Windows NT solutions in TCP/IP intemetworks
`
`For more detailed information on TCP/IP and its integration with Microsoft
`Windows NT and other networking products, see Chapter 3, "Networking Concepts
`for TCP!IP."
`
`Petitioner Vonage Holdings Corp. et al. - Exhibit 1003 - Page 018
`
`

`

`2
`
`TCPnP
`
`What Is TCP/IP for Windows NT?
`
`The TCP/IP protocol family is a standard set of networking protocols, or rules, that
`govern how data is passed between computers on a network. TCP/IP is used to
`connect the Internet, the worldwide internetwork connecting over two million
`universities, research labs, U.S. defense installations, and corporations. (By
`convention, "Internet" is capitalized when referring to the worldwide internetwork.)
`These same protocols can be used in private internetworks that connect several
`local area networks.
`
`Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows NT enables enterprise networking and connectivity
`on Windows NT computers. Adding TCP/IP to a Windows NT configuration offers
`the following advantages:
`
`1 A standard, routable enterprise networking protocol that is the most complete
`and accepted protocol available. All modern operating systems offer TCP/IP
`support, and most large networks rely on TCP/IP for much of their network
`traffic.
`1 A technology for connecting dissimilar systems. Many standard connectivity
`utilities are available to access and transfer data between dissimilar systems,
`including File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Terminal Emulation Protocol
`(Telnet). Several of these standard utilities are included with Windows NT.
`1 A r