IEEE 100
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Seventh Edition
`
`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`IEEE Press
`
`Page 1 of 6
`
`Ericsson v IV
`
`ERIC-1013
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`ERIC-1013
`Ericsson v IV
`Page 1 of 6
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`

`

`Trademarks and disclaimers
`
`IEEE believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject
`to change without notice. IEEE is not responsible for any inadvertent errors.
`
`‘Other tradenames and trademarks in this document are those of their respective owners.
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States ofAmerica.
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`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
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`Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2
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`SP1I22
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`See other standards and standards-related product listings at: http://standards.ieee.org/
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`The publisher believes that the information and guidance given in this work serve as an enhancement to users,
`all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume
`any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such error
`or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed.
`I
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`This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE is supplying information through this publication,
`not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance
`of an appropriate professional should be sought. The IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions
`advanced in this publication.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`IEEE 100 2 the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards terrns.—7th ed.
`p. cm.
`
`ISBN 0-7381-2601-2 (paperback : alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering——Dictionaries. 2. Electronics—Dictionaries. 3. Computer
`engineering—Dictionaries. 4. Electric engineering—Acronyms. 5. Electronics—Acronyms.
`6. Computer engineering—-Acronyms. I. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
`TK9 .128 2000
`
`62l.3'03—dc2l
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`00-050601
`
`I
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`1
`I
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`‘t
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`"
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`|
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`ERIC-1013 I Page 2 of 6
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`ERIC-1013 / Page 2 of 6
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`

`

`How to Use This Dictionary
`
`The terms defined in the Dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categories associated
`with the ,term in earlier editions of the Dictionary will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision. If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non—IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the IEEE
`Standards World Wide Web site at http://standards.ieee.org/.
`
`Categories
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of the Dictionary are defined below. This infor-
`mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the definition. Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category Std100 assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than IEEE
`standards, such as the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) or the National Fire Protection Association,
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all sources
`for the most up—to-date tenninology.
`
`Categories sorted by abbreviation
`
`‘'
`
`AES
`AHDL
`AMR
`AP
`ATL
`BA
`BT
`C
`CAS
`CE
`CHM
`COM
`CS
`DA
`DEI
`DESG
`DIS
`ED
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EM
`EMB
`EMC
`GRS
`GSD
`IA
`IE
`II
`IM
`IT
`
`vi
`
`=
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`antennas and propagation
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—bus architecture
`broadcast technology
`computer
`circuits and systems
`consumer electronics
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`communications
`control systems
`computer—design automation
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`electron devices
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`engineering management
`engineering in medicine and biology
`electromagnetic compatibility
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industry applications
`industrial electronics
`information infrastructure
`instrumentation and measurement
`information theory
`
`,_A,.-,.,\,-.,-.nnnnnnocJ"ma'-99>
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`ERIC-1013 I Page 3 of 6
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`ERIC-1013 / Page 3 of 6
`
`

`

`Spaces are ignored in
`categories associated
`,
`-
`'SeS' New Categones
`the Standard or Stan"
`it means that edition
`I in the revision_ If a
`; withdrawn and not
`es given in the back
`
`f the book. It should
`time from the IEEE
`
`sd below. This infor—
`ch no category could
`mes other than IEEE
`itection Association,
`.
`.
`ditions of all sources
`
`V
`
`IVHS
`LEO
`LM
`MAG
`fi
`MTT
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`NN%R
`NN
`NPS
`ODM
`OE
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`PV
`QUL
`R
`RA
`REM
`RL
`S&P
`SB
`SE
`SMC
`SP
`Std100
`SUB
`
`_
`
`SWG
`T&D
`TF
`TRR
`TT
`UFFC
`VT
`
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`computer-local and metropolitan area networks
`magnetics
`militm?
`_
`d
`,
`t
`com u er—m1croprocessors an microcompu ers
`micrIc))wave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`n“°1‘_’aI _i"_St1'“m§¥‘tt5_
`:::I:1)I:eZt1;%:1: la Ion
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`oceanic engineering
`computerfportable applications
`power engineering
`power electronics
`power quality
`power surge protective devices
`photovoltaics
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`;e1iabi11ty
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`roadway hghtmg .
`.
`computer—secur1ty and privacy
`‘
`Stationaly batteries
`computer—softwa.re engineering
`systems, man, and cybemetics
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`Categories sorted by name
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communication
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer——Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—bus architecture
`computer—design automation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`computer—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—n1icroprocessors and microcomputers
`computer— optical disk and multimedia platforms
`computer—portable applications
`computer—security and privacy
`computer—software engineering
`consumer electronics
`
`‘
`
`AES
`AP
`AMR
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`C
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`, MM
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`
`ZE Standards Terms
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`vii
`
`ERIC-1013 I Page 4 of 6
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`ERIC-1013 / Page 4 of 6
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`

`

`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro-optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`military
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`neural networks
`non-ionizing radiation
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`nuclear instruments
`oceanic engineering
`photovoltaics
`power electronics
`power engineering
`power quality
`power surge protective devices
`power switchgear
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`roadway lighting
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`stationary batteries
`substations
`systemsgman, and cybernetics
`test technology
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`transmission and distribution
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`CS
`DEI
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
`EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`IE
`IA
`III
`IT
`IM
`IVHS
`LEO
`MAG
`MTT
`MIL
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`NN
`NIR
`NPS
`NI
`OE
`PV
`PEL
`PE
`PQ
`PSPD
`SWG
`QUL
`R
`RL
`RA
`REM
`SP
`Std100
`SB
`SUB
`SMC
`TT
`TF
`TRR
`T&D
`UFFC
`VT
`
`‘
`
`Viii
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`ERIC-1013 I Page 5 of 6
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`ERIC-1013 / Page 5 of 6
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`

`

`band printer
`
`84
`
`bandwidth reuse
`
`e.g., octave band (sound pressure) level, half-octave band
`level, third-octave band level, 50-Hz band level.
`(PE/I‘&D) 539-1990
`band printer An element printer in which type slugs are carried
`on a flexible band.
`(C) 610.10-l994w
`band spreading (A) The spreading of tuning indicators over a
`wide scale range to facilitate tuning in a crowded band of
`frequencies. See also: radio receiver. (B) The method of dou-
`ble-sideband transmission in which the frequency band of the
`modulating wave is shifted upward in frequency so that the
`sidebands produced by modulation are separated in frequency
`from the carrier by an amount at least equal to the bandwidth
`of the original modulating wave, and second-order distortion
`products may be filtered from the demodulator output. See
`also: radio receiver.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`band-stop filter (broadband local area networks) A band-
`stop or band reject filter attenuates a desired range of fre-
`quencies and passes frequencies that are higher and lower
`than the rejection band.
`(LM/C) 802.7-19891‘
`band switch A switch used to select any one of the frequency
`bands in which an electric transmission apparatus may op-
`erate.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`bandwidth (1) (amplitude-modulation broadcast receivers)
`As applied to the selectivity of a radio receiver, the bandwidth
`is the width of a selectivity graph at a specified level on the
`scale of ordinates.
`(CE) 186-1948w
`(2) (device) The range of frequencies within which perform-
`ance, with respect to some characteristic, falls within specific
`limits. See also: radio receiver.
`(T&D/PE/VT) 539-1990, [37]
`(3) (signal-transmission system) The range of frequencies
`within which performance, with respect to some character-
`istic, falls within specific limits. Notes: 1. For systems capable
`of transmitting at zero frequency the frequency at which the
`system response is less than that at zero frequency by a spec-
`ified ratio. For carrier-frequency systems: the difference in
`the frequencies at which the system response is less than that
`at the frequency of reference response by a specified ratio.
`For both types of systems, bandwidth is com m only defined
`at the points where the response is three decibels less than
`the reference value (0.707 root—mean-square voltage ratio).
`See also: equivalent noise bandwidth.
`(IE) [43]
`(4) (wave) The least frequency interval outside of which the
`power spectrum of a time-varying quantity is everywhere less
`than some specified fraction of its value at a reference fre-
`quency. Warning: This definition permits the spectrum to be
`less than the specified fraction within the interval. Note: Un-
`less otherwise stated, the reference frequency is that at which
`the spectrum has its maximum value.
`188-1952w
`(5) (burst) (burst measurements). The smallest frequency in-
`terval outside of which the integral of the energy spectrum is
`less than some designated fraction of the total energy of the
`burst. See also: burst.
`(SP) 265-1966w
`(6) (of an antenna) The range of frequencies within which the
`performance of the antenna, with respect to some character-
`istics, conforms to a specified standard.
`(AP/ANT) [35], 145-1993
`(7) (facsimile) The difference in hertz between the highest
`and the lowest frequency components required for adequate
`transmission of the facsimile signals. See also: facsimile.
`(COM) 168-l956w
`(8) (excitation systems) The interval separating two frequen-
`cies between which both the gain and the phase difference
`(of sinusoidal output referred to sinusoidal input) remain
`within specified limits. Note: For control systems and many
`of their components, the lower frequency often approaches
`zero. See also: feedback control system.
`(IA/IM/PE/ICTL/APP/EDPG/IAC) [69], [120], [93], [60],
`421A-1978s
`(9) (pulse terminology) The two portions of a pulse wave-
`form that represents the first nominal state from which a pulse
`depans and to which it ultimately returns. Typical closed—loop
`
`‘-
`
`frequency response of an excitation control system with the
`synchronous machine open circuited.
`(10) (oscilloscopes) The difference between the upper and
`lower frequency at which the response is 0.707 (-3 dB) of
`the response at the reference frequency. Usually both upper
`and lower limit frequencies are specified rather than the dif.
`ference between them. When only one number appears, it is
`taken as the upper limit. Notes: 1. The reference frequency
`shall be at least 20 times greater for the lower bandwidth linm
`and at least 20 times less for the upper bandwidth limit than
`the limit frequency. The upper and lower reference frequen.
`cies are not required to be the same. In cases where exceptions
`must be made, they shall be noted. 2. This definition assumes
`the amplitude response to be essentially free of departures
`from a smooth roll-off characteristic. 3. If the lower band.
`width limit extends to zero frequency, the response at zero
`frequency shall be equal to the response at the reference fre.
`quency, not -3 dB from it.
`(IlV[/HFIM)
`[40]
`(11) (dispersive and nondispersive delay lines) A specified
`frequency range over which the amplitude response does not
`vary more than a defined amount. Note: Typically, amplitude
`range is 1 dB bandwidth, 3 dB bandwidth.
`(UFFC) [22]
`(12)
`(A) (analog computer) Of a signal, the difference be-
`tween the limiting frequencies encountered in the signal.
`(B) (analog computer) Of a device, the range of frequencies
`within which perfonnance in respect to some characteristic
`falls within specific limits.
`(C) 165-1977
`(13) (data transmission) The range of frequencies within
`which performance, with respect to some characteristic, falls
`within specific limits. Bandwidth is commonly defined at the
`points where the response is three decibels less than the ref-
`erence value.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(14) (broadband local area networks) The frequency range
`that a component, circuit, or system passes or uses. For ex-
`ample, voice transmission by telephone requires a bandwidth
`of about 3000 Hz (3 kHz). A television channel occupies a
`bandwidth of 6 000 000 Hz (6 MHz). Cable systems occupy
`5-300 MHz or higher of the electromagnetic spectrum.
`(LM/C) 802.7-1989i
`(15) The range of frequencies, expressed in hertz, that can
`pass over a given channel. See also: pass band.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(16) A specified frequency range over which the amplitude
`response does not vary more than a defined amount. Note:
`Typically, amplitude variations to specify bandwidth are 1 dB
`or 3 dB (dispersive and nondispersive delay lines).
`(UFFC) 1037-1992w
`(17) (fiber optics) See also: fiber bandwidth.
`812-1984w
`bandwidth allocation protocols The protocols used to allocate
`bandwidth on a ringlet. This involves inhibiting send-packet
`transmissions from one or more nodes when another node is
`being starved (never gets an opportunity to transmit its send
`packet).
`(C/MM) 1596-1992
`bandwidth balancing mechanism A procedure to facilitate ef-
`fective sharing of the bandwidth, whereby a node occasion-
`ally skips the use of empty Queued Arbitrated (QA) slots.
`(LM/C) 8802-6-1994
`bandwidth, coherent See: dispersive bandwidth.
`bandwidth, dispersive See: dispersive bandwidth.
`bandwidth, effective See: effective bandwidth.
`bandwidth,
`frequency selective See:
`frequency selective
`bandwidth.
`bandwidth-limited operation (fiber optics) The condition pre-
`vailing when the system bandwidth, rather than the amplitude
`(or power) of the signal, limits performance. The condition is
`reached when the system distorts the shape of the wavefoml
`beyond specified limits. For linear systems, bandwidth-lim-
`ited operation is equivalent to distortion-limited operation.
`See also: attenuation-lirnited operation; distortion-lirnited op-
`eration.
`(Std100) 812-1984w
`bandwidth reuse A ring segmentation feature that multiplies
`the overall data throughput capacity of the spacebome fiber-
`optic data bus (SFODB) network by allowing independent
`
`-4
`
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