ERIC-1007
`Ericsson v IV
`Page 1 of 160
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`

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`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`Reference
`
`DTR/SMG—O23006U (amOO1iO4.PDF)
`
`Keywords
`Access, Air Interface, Radio, UMTS
`
`E TSI Secretariat
`
`Postal address
`
`F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex — FRANCE
`
`Office address
`
`650 Route des Lucioles — Sophia Antipolis
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`Te|.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 4716
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`Association a but non Iucratif enregistrée a la
`Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
`
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`
`c= fr; a=at|as; p=etsi; s=secretariat
`
`Internet
`
`secretariat@etsi.fr
`http://vwvw. etsifr
`
`Copyright Notification
`
`No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
`The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
`
`© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997.
`All rights reserved.
`
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`Contents
`
`Intellectual Property Rights .............................................................................................................................. ..4
`
`Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... ..4
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... ..5
`
`References .............................................................................................................................................. . .5
`
`Annex A:
`
`Concept Group Alpha on - Wideband Direct-Sequence CDMA ....................................... ..8
`
`Annex B:
`
`Concept Group Beta [3 - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
`(OFDMA) .......................................................................................................................... ..174
`
`Annex C:
`
`Concept Group Gamma 7 - Wideband TDMA (WB-TDMA) ...................................... ..302
`
`Annex D:
`
`Concept Group Delta 5 - Wideband TDMA/CDMA ..................................................... ..486
`
`History .......................................................................................................................................................... ..689
`
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`Intellectual Property Rights
`
`lPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
`pertaining to these essential lPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
`in ETR 314: ”Intellectual Property Rights (IPRS); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of
`ETSI standards”, which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI
`Web server (http://www.etsi.fr/ipr).
`
`Pursuant to the ETSI Interim IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No
`guarantee can be given as to the existence of other lPRs not referenced in ETR 314 (or the updates on
`http://www.etsi.fr/ipr) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
`
`Foreword
`
`This Techmcal Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Special Mobile Group (SMG) of the European
`Telecommumcations Standards Institute (ETSI). This Report has been elaborated by SMG2 "Radio aspects", as part of
`the evaluation of the Umversal Mobile Telecommumcations System UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) concepts.
`SMG2 have not be able to conclude that any single one of these concept provides a better solution than the other
`concepts.
`
`This Technical Report was prepared during the UTRA evaluation work of SMG2 as a possible basis for the
`UTRA standard. It is published with the understanding that the full details of the contents have not necessarily
`been reviewed by, or agreed by, ETSI SMG or SMG2.
`
`NOTE:
`
`SMG 2 is responsible for the physical layer of the radio interface and the study of all radio engineering
`aspects of GSM, DCS 1800 and UMTS,
`
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`1
`
`Scope
`
`This document describes the detailed evaluation work towards the definition of the Universal Mobile
`
`Telecommunications System UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) within SMG2.
`
`2
`
`References
`
`The documentation for the four concepts compiled in this report may also be found in the following ETSI SMG
`documentation:
`
`For the on-concept:
`
`- Tdoc SMG 903/97: "System Description Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 904/97: "Evaluation Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 905/97: "Evaluation Report".
`
`For the [3-concept:
`
`- Tdoc SMG 894/97: "System Description Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 895/97: "Evaluation Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 896/97: "Evaluation Report".
`
`For the 7-concept
`
`- Tdoc SMG 900/97: "System Description Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 901/97: "Evaluation Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 902/97: "Evaluation Report".
`
`For the 5-concept:
`
`- Tdoc SMG 897/97: "System Description Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 898/97: "Evaluation Summary";
`
`- Tdoc SMG 899/97: "Evaluation Report".
`
`3
`
`Summary of the UTRA definition procedure in SMG2
`
`SMG2’s detailed work towards the defimtion of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) within SMG2 was
`imtiated by a workshop on radio access technologies held December 1996. Since then SMG2 have dealt with UMTS
`Terrestrial Radio Access at several meetings amongst these 4 SMG2 plenaries, 4 ad-hoc meetings dedicated to UMTS, a
`joint SMG2-ARIB workshop, a question and answer session and numerous concept group meetings.
`
`In the first step of the process the procedure and time schedule for the UTRA defimtion was elaborated by SMG2 and
`agreed by SMG at SMG#21. Hereafter, the requirements impacting the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access was collected
`and the high level requirements for the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access documented and approved by SMG#22. The
`high level requirements were further detailed in UMTS 21.01.
`
`At the same time UMTS 30.03 describing evaluation criteria for the UTRA defimtion procedure was elaborated. UMTS
`21.01 and UMTS 30.03 were approved by SMG#22. In parallel with the work on these reference documents, SMG2
`were collecting techmcal proposals for radio access technologies for the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access.
`
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`These proposals grouped into the following five concepts:
`
`on -concept based on wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
`
`[3 -concept based on OFDMA
`
`7 -concept based on wideband TDMA (WB-TDMA)
`
`5 -concept based on TDMA with spreading (WB TDMA/CDMA)
`
`8 -concept based on ODMA (Opportunity Driven Multiple Access)
`
`This grouping was presented to SMG#22 for approval. Hereafter, SMG2 fonned five concept groups to assist in
`evaluation of the different building blocks suggested. Through the period since SMG#22 detailed evaluation of the
`proposals have been performed and the different original proposals combined into one single proposal for UMTS
`Terrestrial Radio Access per concept group. Originally the intention was then to merge the concepts into one single
`concept for the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. Unfortunately, SMG2 have failed in doing so.
`
`This leaves a situation where the concepts have been refined and their performance been evaluated in detail. Results of
`link level and system level results have been discussed within SMG2. Further the SMG2 have checked the different
`concept against the high level requirements. In general it can be said that the concepts can be claimed to fulfil the high
`level requirements. However, it should be noted that the area of private and residential operation and the use of unpaired
`spectmm are not areas on which the concept groups have placed the highest attention. Therefore the issue of UMTS
`deployment of private and residential operation will require further studies in SMG2 to ensure that the requirements in
`this area are properly met. The issue of how UMTS can be implemented to enable an operator to make the most
`effective use of the unpaired spectrum, has not been fully addressed and will require further studies in SMG2.
`
`In particular it may be necessary to consider modification of any adopted UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access concept to
`improve these aspects ofperformance.
`
`Regarding the results of the evaluation and refinement work performed, SMG2 has informed SMG about the following
`findings and conclusions regarding the epsilon concept (ODMA - Opportumty Driven Multiple Access):
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Investigation of relay systems has been carried out within the SMG2 considering the technology called
`Opportumty Driven Multiple Access — ODMA. The protocols used in ODMA are very similar to those of a
`packet radio system currently being trialed. System level simulations were carried out in accordance with UMTS
`30.03 which showed that wide area high data rate coverage was possible in all enviromnents using a subscriber
`relay system and that there was potential for increased capacity when used in a cellular hybrid.
`
`Feasibility studies were conducted to determine the practicality of supporting relaying using the basic WCDMA
`and WB TDMA/CDMA designs. The conclusion was that both the WCDMA and the WB TDMA/CDMA
`designs were sufficiently flexible to support relaying with negligible increase to the mobile station complexity or
`cost. These technologies can therefore offer the flexibility of simple relaying but also provide a suitable platfonn
`for advanced relay protocols such as ODMA.
`
`- For the above reasons it was decided that relaying/ODMA should be presented as an enhancement to both
`WCDMA and WB TDMA/CDMA rather than as a standalone technology. As a result documentation from the
`studies of epsilon concept is included as a part of the evaluation reports on the alpha and delta concepts.
`
`Regarding the four other concepts (on, [3, y, 5) SMG2 has not been able to obtain any further merging. Moreover, when
`the uncertainty on simulations and the differences in the assumptions made in order to evaluate that performance of the
`concepts are considered SMG2 has not be able to conclude that any single one of these concept provides a better
`solution than the other concepts.
`
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`Therefore SMG2 requested SMG to decide on the basis of which of the concepts on, [3, 7, or 8 SMG2 shall continue the
`work on the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. In order to assist SMG in making the decision SMG2 has prepared the
`following documentation for each of the concepts:
`
`- A summary of system description for the concept
`
`- A summary of the concept evaluation for the concept
`
`- An evaluation report for the concept
`
`It should be noted that SMG2 does not recommend SMG to make a direct comparison of the performance results for
`concept based directly on the values contained in the evaluation documentation. This due to the different nature of the
`concepts, which has lead to differences in the assumptions for the performance evaluation, which lead to differences in
`the results. Especially regarding guard bands SMG2 would like to highlight, that it is difficult to perfonn a direct
`comparison of Mimmum Coupling Loss (MCL) based guard band analysis, as, e.g., the likelihood for different scenarios
`might be different for the different concepts.
`
`SMG2 has not been able to reach a consensus on how the results of the evaluation should be compared, and is therefore
`unlikely to be able to reach a consensus on the technology for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access in the foreseeable future.
`SMG2 therefore recommended to SMG that the best way forward for the elaboration of the UMTS radio interface would
`be for SMG to make a decision on one concept that should be used by SMG2 in the refinement phase.
`
`It is the understanding of SMG2 that by deciding to base the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access on a given concept,
`SMG approves the summary of the system description for that concept. This means that thefurther refinement of the
`selected concept is done with reference hereto. Meaning that changes in order to improve the concept shall be
`justified relative to the concept described in the summary system description.
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`Annex A:
`
`Concept Group Alpha O6 — Wideband Direct—Sequence
`
`CDMA
`
`This report contained in this annex was prepared during the evaluation work of SMG2 as a possible basis for the
`UTRA standard. It is published on the understanding that the full details of the contents have not necessarily
`been reviewed by, or agreed by, ETSI SMG or SMG2.
`
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`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`ETSI SMG#24
`
`Madrid, Spain
`
`December 15-19, 1997
`
`Source: SMG2
`
`TDoc SMG 903 / 97
`
`Agenda item 4.1: UTRA
`
`Concept Group Alpha -
`
`Wideband Direct-Sequence CDMA:
`
`System Description Summary
`
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`Concept Group Alpha -
`Wideband Direct-Sequence CDMA
`
`System Description Summary
`
`Introduction
`
`Within the Alpha concept group in SMG2, a UTRA proposal based on wideband direct-sequence
`CDMA has been developed. The WCDMA concept is described in the Alpha group’s evaluation
`document (Tdoc SMG2 359/97), that contains a system description section. This document presents a
`summary of the WCDMA system description.
`
`The WCDMA system includes:
`
`0 Wideband CDMA carrier to offer a high degree of frequency diversity and high bit-rates
`
`0 Flexible physical layer for implementation of UMTS services, with support for large range of
`varying bit-rates with high granularity
`
`0 Built in support for co-existence and efficient handovers with GSM
`
`0 Feasible implementation from day one of UMTS, with possibility for performance enhancement
`using more demanding features like adaptive antennas and multi-user detection in the future
`
`Key technical characteristics of the basic system
`
`Table 1 below summarises the key technical characteristics of the WCDMA radio-interface.
`
`Inter-base station synchronisation
`
`FDD mode: No accurate synchronisation needed
`TDD mode: Synchronisation needed
`
`Multi-rate/variable-rate scheme
`
`Variable-spreading factor and multi-code
`
`
`
`Channel coding scheme
`
`Convolutional coding (rate l/2-l/3)
`Optional outer Reed-Solomon coding (rate 4/5)
`
`Dual mode (common and dedicated charmel)
`Table I. WCDMA key technical characteristics.
`
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`Performance enhancing features
`
`There exist a number of ways to enhance the performance of the WCDMA system. In general in
`CDMA, it is very easy to get immediate quality, coverage and capacity gains directly from link
`improvements. This is due to the single-cell reuse and the fact that power is the only shared resource. If
`one user’s link is improved the transmit power can be lowered on that link, and all users in the system
`will benefit from this since they are sharing the same power resource.
`
`Listed below are some performance enhancing features that can be applied to the WCDMA system:
`
`0 Downlink antenna diversity. Antenna diversity in the mobile station is not required in the concept.
`However, since antenna diversity gives a gain of around 3 dB in performance it can be employed in
`the terminal for better quality and system capacity.
`
`0 Transmitter diversity. Orthogonal transmit diversity, where the data stream is split into several
`streams and sent through different antennas, can be used in the downlink to get quality and capacity
`gains. This is a good way to get diversity gains in the downlink without increasing the mobile station
`complexity.
`
`0 Receiver structures. WCDMA is designed to work without requiring receivers for joint detection
`of multiple user signals. However, the potential capacity gains of such receivers in a WCDMA
`system have been recognised and taken into account in the design of the concept. In the uplink the
`possibility to use only short codes facilitates introduction of more advanced receiver structures with
`reasonable complexity.
`
`0 Adaptive antennas. Adaptive antennas are recognised as a way to greatly enhance capacity and
`coverage of the system. Solutions employing adaptive antennas are already supported in the
`WCDMA concept through the use of connection-dedicated pilot bits on both uplink and downlink.
`Moreover, adaptive antenna issues have been included in the design of the downlink common
`physical charmels.
`
`0 Support for relaying and ODMA. A feasibility study conducted by the Alpha and Epsilon concept
`groups concluded that WCDMA can support relaying and the ODMA protocol with negligible
`increase in mobile complexity or cost. ODMA is an intelligent relaying protocol that sits upon the
`WCDMA radio sub-system. The protocol breaks difficult radio paths into a sequence of shorter
`hops which enables lower transmit powers or higher data rates to be used. It is the goal of the
`protocol to chose the least cost route through the relaying system when the relays are moving and
`the radio paths are dynamically changing. Simulations have shown that relaying has the potential to
`improve coverage and flexibility and may also increase capacity by lowering transmission powers
`and associated inter-cell interference.
`
`System description
`
`Physical channel structure, spreading and modulation
`
`There exist two basic physical charmels in WCDMA: the dedicated physical data charmel and the
`dedicated physical control channel. The data channel is used to carry dedicated data generated at layer 2
`and above, i.e. the dedicated logical charmels. The control charmel carries control information
`generated at layer 1. The control information consists of known pilot bits to support charmel estimation
`for coherent detection, transmit power-control commands, and optional (variable-length) rate
`information. The rate information informs the receiver about the instantaneous rate of the different
`
`services and how services are multiplexed on the dedicated physical data charmels.
`
`The frame length on the physical charmels is 10 ms, and each frame is divided into 16 slots of 0.625 ms
`each, corresponding to one power-control period. In the downlink the dedicated physical control and
`data charmels are time-multiplexed within the slots, with one power-control command per slot. In the
`uplink control and data are code-multiplexed and transmitted in parallel.
`
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`In both uplink and downlink, the dedicated physical control and data charmels are spread to the chip-
`rate using orthogonal variable rate spreading factor codes. These channelization codes have varying
`spreading factors to carry varying bit-rate services, i.e the charmelization codes are of different lengths
`to match different user bit rates, with spreading factors from 4 up to 256. Using different charmelization
`codes, several data and control channels of different rates can be spread to the chip-rate and still be
`orthogonal after spreading. Hence, multi-code transmission can be employed for the highest bit-rates,
`typically above 384 kbps, and several services of different rates can be transmitted in parallel with
`maintained orthogonality.
`
`Spreading with the charmelization codes is followed by scrambling. In the downlink the scrambling
`code is base-station specific 10 ms segment of a Gold code of length 218-1. The number of available
`scrambling codes is as high as 512, making code planmng trivial. In the uplink, the primary scrambling
`code is a complex code, built from extended VL-Kasami sequences of length 256. This short code
`facilitates the introduction of advanced receiver stmctures, such as multi-user detection. For cells
`without such receivers, a long secondary scrambling code is used for improved cross-correlation
`properties and interference averaging. The secondary scrambling code is a 10 ms segment from a Gold
`code of length 241-1.
`
`In uplink and downlink QPSK modulation is used, with root-raised cosine pulse-shaping filters (roll-off
`0.22 in the frequency domain).
`
`Channel coding and service multiplexing
`
`WCDMA offers three basic service classes with respect to forward error correction coding: standard
`services with convolutional coding only (BER : 10'3), high-quality services with additional outer Reed-
`Solomon coding (BER : 106), and services with service-specific coding where WCDMA layer 1 does
`not apply any pre-specified channel coding. The latter class can be used to enable other coding schemes
`such as e. g. turbo-coding. Rate 1/2 or 1/3 convolutional codes are used, with block interleaving over
`one or several frames depending on delay requirements. The additional Reed-Solomon code employed
`is of rate 4/5, and is followed by symbol-wise inter-frame block interleaving.
`
`Multiple services belonging to the same connection are, in normal cases, time multiplexed. Time
`multiplexing takes place both after possible outer coding and inner coding. After service multiplexing
`and channel coding, the multi-service data stream is mapped to one or several dedicated physical data
`charmels. A second alternative for service multiplexing is to treat parallel services completely separate
`with separate charmel coding/interleaving and map them to separate physical data charmels in a multi-
`code fashion. With this alternative scheme, the power and consequently the quality of each service can
`be more independently controlled.
`
`After channel coding and service multiplexing, the total bit rate is almost arbitrary. Rate matching is
`used to match the coded bit-rate to the lin1ited set of possible bit-rates of a dedicated physical data
`charmel. In the uplink puncturing and repetition is employed to match the rate, while in the downlink
`puncturing and repetition for the highest rate is used together with discontinuous transmission for the
`lower rates.
`
`Using the above mentioned coding, interleaving and rate matching techmques the WCDMA concept has
`shown that rates of at least 2 Mbps can be achieved using a 4.096 Mcps carrier. Also, low bit-rates as
`well as high bit-rates can be supported efficiently, with high bit-rate granularity.
`
`Radio resource functions
`
`A fast and efficient random access procedure has been defined. The random access is based on slotted
`Aloha transmission of a random access burst. The burst contains a preamble part, where a base station
`specific preamble code is used to transmit a preamble sequence randomly picked by the mobile station.
`The preamble sequence is detected in the receiver using a matched filter, and tells the receiver what
`scrambling code has been used for the data part of the burst. Using this scheme, the base station may
`receive up to 80 random-access attempts within one 10 ms frame using only one matched filter for the
`preamble code.
`
`The WCDMA system operates with a frequency re-use of one. Soft handover enables this, and gives
`capacity and coverage gains compared to hard handover. Seamless inter-frequency handover is needed
`for operation in hierarchical cell stmctures and handover to other systems e. g. GSM.
`
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`A key requirement for the support of seamless inter-frequency handover is the possibility for the mobile
`station to carry out cell search on a carrier frequency different from the current one, without affecting
`the ordinary data flow. For a mobile station with receiver diversity, there is a possibility for one of the
`receiver branches to temporarily be reallocated from diversity reception and instead cany out reception
`on a different carrier. A single-receiver mobile station uses slotted downlink transmission to do inter-
`frequency measurements. In the slotted mode, the information normally transmitted during a certain
`time, e. g. a 10 ms frame, is transmitted in less than that time, leaving an idle time that the mobile can
`use for measurements on other frequencies.
`
`The FDD mode assumes asynchronous base stations. To enable asynchronous operation a fast cell
`search scheme has been defined. In the cell search procedure the mobile station acquires two
`synchromsation codes broadcasted by the base station, from which the mobile can determine the
`scrambling code and frame synchromsation of the base station.
`
`Packet access
`
`Due to the varying characteristics of packet data traffic in tenns of packet size and packet intensity, a
`dual-mode packet-transn1ission scheme is used for WCDMA. With this scheme, packet transmission
`can either take place on a common fixed-rate channel or on a dedicated charmel, with an adaptive
`choice of method based on the packet traffic characteristics. Small infrequent packets are typically
`transmitted on the common charmel, while larger more frequent packets are transmitted on a dedicated
`charmel.
`
`Summary
`
`In the development of the WCDMA concept a prerequisite has been to fulfil the UMTS requirements
`described in ETR-0401. To summarise, the following key features are included in the WCDMA concept
`for flexible and efficient support of UMTS service needs:
`
`0 Support for high data-rate transmission with 384 kbps wide-area coverage and 2 Mbps local area
`coverage. This can be achieved in a bandwidth of 5 MHz, including guardbands.
`
`0 High service flexibility, i.e. good support of multiple bearers and variable bit rates. This is achieved
`using a physical charmel stmcture that allows multiple bearers on the same physical charmel and
`supports changed user bit-rate on a frarne-by-frarne basis with very high granularity.
`
`0 High capacity and coverage in the basic system without the need for multi-user/j oint-detection
`receivers, dynamic radio-resource-management algorithms and link adaptation, frequency planmng
`etc. However, for future performance enhancements, features like multi-user detection, adaptive
`antemlas, ODMA etc. are supported within the concept.
`
`0 Fast and efficient packet access using a dual mode access scheme (common or dedicated channel
`transmission) with adaptive mode selection based on packet traffic characteristics, together with an
`efficient random-access mechanism.
`
`0 Flexible system deployment with asynchronous base station operation in FDD mode, and spectrum-
`efficient deployment of hierarchical cell structures.
`
`0 Support for inter-frequency handover for operation with hierarchical cell structures, and inter-
`system handover with second generation systems like GSM.
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`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
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`ETSI SMG#24
`
`Madrid, Spain
`December 15-19, 1997
`Source: SMG2
`
`TDoc SMG2 904 / 97
`
`Agenda item 4.1: UTRA
`
`Concept Group Alpha
`
`Wideband Direct-Sequence CDMA:
`
`Evaluation Summary
`
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`Title: Summary of the Concept Evaluation for the Alpha Concept
`
`Source: SMG 2
`
`Introduction
`
`This document contains a short description on how the high level requirements that are relevant for the UMTS
`Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) concept are met by the WCDMA concept as being defined within concept
`group Alpha in SMG 2.
`
`The high level requirements are defined in UMTS 21.02 version 3.0.0 [1], but are also part of TR 101 111
`(UMTS 21.01 version 3.0.1) [2]. The latter report has been used to derive the boxes with the requirements as
`shown below.
`
`The documents that has been issued to SMG 2 from the alpha group has been used in order to make this summary
`on how the requirements are fulfilled [1-10]. The detailed concept is described in the evaluation report [9] with a
`summary in [10] and the concept will not be described in detail here. To get a better and deeper understanding of
`the concept and its fulfilment of the requirements the reader is referred to the referenced documents.
`
`The ODMA (Opportunity Driven Multiple Access) can be used with the Alpha concept WCDMA radio
`technology as described in the evaluation report
`[9]. That report also contains a section describing the fulfilment
`of the high level requirements of WCDMA with the enhancement of ODMA for the routing and access control.
`
`It is shown that the Alpha concept will provide all characteristics in order to support the multitude if services and
`provide flexible coverage/capacity trade-offs also for future proof evolution.
`
`Fulfilment of the High Level Requirements
`
`Bearer Capabilities
`
`Maximum User Bit Rates
`
`The UTRA should support a range ofmaximum user bit rates that depend upon a users current environment as
`follows:
`Rural Outdoor: at least 144 kbit/s (goal to achieve 384 kbit/s), maximum speed: 500 km/h
`Suburban Outdoor: at least 384 kbps (goal to achieve 512 kbit/s), maximum speed: 120 km/h
`Indoor/Low range outdoor: at least 2l\/Ibps, maximum speed: I 0 km/h
`
`It is desirable that the de inition o UTRA should allow evolution to hi her bit rates.
`
`The transmission blocks have been defined to support up to 2048 kbps user data on one Radio Frequency (RF)
`Carrier having a transmission rate of 4.096 Mchips/second after spreading. There are error protection schemes
`defined for both transparent and non-transparent services for the whole range of user data bit rates.
`
`0 For Rural outdoor 384 kbps has been evaluated by using the Vehicular test environment as it is defined in
`UMTS 30.03. Up to 500 km/h is supported as shown in the SMG2 Q&A workshop [11].
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 15 of 160
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`ERIC-1007 / Page 15 of 160
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`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`16
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`0 For Suburban Outdoor 384 kbps is supported for the required vehicle speed.
`
`0 For Indoor and low range outdoor environment 2048 kbps is supported.
`
`The concept supports 8.196 and 16.392 Mcps, i.e. bit rates up to 4 and 8 Mbps respectively can be supported
`without large modifications.
`
`Flexibilit
`
`Negotiation ofbearer service attributes (bearer type, bit rate, delay, BER, up/down link symmetry, protection
`including none or unequal protection),
`parallel bearer services (service mix), real-time / non-real-time communication modes, adaptation ofbearer
`service bit rate
`
`Bearer services appropriate for speech shall be provided.
`
`Circuit switched and packet oriented bearers
`Supports scheduling (and pre-emption) of bearers (including control bearers) according to priority
`Adaptivity oflink to quality, trafic and network load, and radio conditions (in order to optimise the link in
`different environments).
`Wide range ofbit rates should be supported with suficient granularity
`Variable bit rate real time capabilities should be provided.
`
`It is possible to provide bit rates from 100 bps up to 2 048 kbps with a granularity of 100 bps. The detailed
`bearer service is negotiated according to bearer type, bit rate(s), delay, BER etc. and during a call the transmitted
`bit rate can be changed on a 10 ms basis for efficient spectrum usage, e. g. utilising the variable rate nature of
`speech. The negotiated bearer characteristics can be different in the uplink and the downlink. Both circuit and
`packet oriented bearers are supported simultaneously to one user. Priority schemes are supported between e. g.
`circuit-oriented, like speech, and packet transmissions. This can be done easily since there are no need to time
`share a certain physical resource like a time slot. All users share the same frequency simultaneously and a packet
`user can instantly be placed on short hold if a higher priority user urgently needs the resource. In WCDMA the
`resource is total transmitted power. The more power the more resource a user takes.
`The TDD mode can be used if asymmetry exists between the needed uplink and downlink traffic capacity to be
`able to achieve high flexibility. The FDD mode can also be used for the case that more downlink traffic capacity
`than uplink traffic capacity is needed.
`
`Handover
`
`Provide seamless (to user) handover between cells ofone operator.
`The UTRA should not prevent seamless HO between different operators or access networks.
`
`E icient handover between UMTS and 2”] eneration s stems, e.. GSM, should be
`
`For the same operator or also between operators or access networks two types of handover are provided. Macro
`diversity is used for handover between cells using the same frequency (intra-RF HO) and will be the one used
`mos