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`charmels can be achieved by different combinations of numbers of codes and numbers of time slots
`when taking into account the maximum numbers mentioned before.
`
`The service classes given in the following represent only a selection of all possibilities which are
`conceivable. Further adaptations of the services can be rr1ade based on the aforementioned
`enviromnental conditions and actual network capabilities.
`
`3.2 Low user bit rate services
`
`3.2.1 Speech service
`
`The speech service with a user data rate of 8 kbit/s is transmitted by using the spread speech/data bursts
`of FMAI. In macro cellular environments, the burst
`l is used whereas in micro and pico cellular
`enviromnents, the burst type 2 is used. To provide an 8 kbit/s service, 150 user bits per four frames of
`length 4.615 ms have to be transmitted over the air interface. This block size of 150 user bits is
`regarded as the basic input block size for the speech service in what follows. In layer 2, up to 5 % (7 to
`8 bits) overhead can be added for signaling purposes.
`
`In this section, three different possibilities of service mapping for the speech service are given. This
`mapping can be used in different enviromnents and different transmission conditions.
`
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`3.2.1.1 Macro cellular environment with bad E;flV0 conditions
`
`L2
`
`L1
`
`150 bits
`
`L2 overhead
`max 5% (7-8 bits)
`
`channel coding (l/.__.__.~~
`
`~..
`
`N
`
`~__
`
`450 bits
`puncturing (2 + 3x) bits
`
`
`
`448 bits
`
`
`
`modulator (QPSK)
`
`224 symbols
`
`interleaver
`
`Figure 3.] Speech service mappingfor macro cellular environments with bad EW0 conditions
`
`The speech service mapping for macro cellular environments with bad Eb/N0 conditions is depicted in
`Figure 3.1. This n1apping is used in large macro cells, like in niral areas. 64 speech channels are
`provided per carrier. By using a channel coding rate of R = 1/3, a very low Eb/N0 is required to achieve
`the QoS requirements.
`
`First, the data from layer 2 (150 bits + X bits L2 overhead) are encoded with code rate RC = 1/3. Then 2
`bit + 3x bit are punctured to get an output block size of 448 encoded bits. These 448 encoded bits are
`mapped onto 224 QPSK symbols. These 224 QPSK symbols are then interleaved and distributed over
`four TDMA frames. In each used frame, only one slot and one code is used to transmit 56 symbols per
`frame making up a total number of 4 basic physical channels.
`
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`3.2.1.2 Macro cellular environment with better E;flV0 conditions
`
`L2
`
`L1
`
`150 bits
`
`L2 overhead
`max 5% (7-8 bits)
`
`channel coding (1/33*....
`
`._.._..~~
`N
`
`~..
`
`~__
`
`450 bits
`puncturing (226 + 3-X) bits
`
`
`
`interleaver
`
`
`
`224 bits
`
`modulator (QPSK)
`
`1 12 symbols
`
`FRAME 1
`
`FRAME O
`
`
`
`
`FRAME 2
`
`FRAME 3
`
`
`
`symbols
`
`symbols
`
`Figure 3.2 Speech service for macro cellular environment with better Eb/N0 conditions
`
`For better Eb/N0 conditions, a higher code rate of approx. RC = 2/3 can be used. As in macro cellular
`environments with bad Eb/N0 conditions, the spread speech/data burst 1 is deployed. In Figure 3.2, the
`mapping for macro cellular environments with normal Eb/N0 conditions is depicted. By using this
`mapping, 128 speech channels of 8kbit/s can be provided on each carrier. This mapping is used in small
`macro cells with high traffic density like in urban environments.
`
`First, the data from layer 2 is encoded with rate RC = 1/3. After puncturing (226 + 3x) encoded bits, 224
`encoded bits are passed on to the bit to symbol mapper which generates 112 QPSK symbols. The
`
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`interleaver distributes the 112 QPSK symbols over two out of four frames. Hence, only 2 basic physical
`channels are utilized.
`
`3.2.1.3 Micro andpico cellular environments
`
`L2
`T
`L1
`?
`L2 overhead
`
`150 bits
`
`
`
`N
`
`7*.
`
`~
`
`.
`
`‘~_
`~.~
`
`channel coding
`
`‘~_
`
`max 5% (7-8 bits)
`
`7*.
`
`.
`
`~__N
`
`........
`
` 272 bits
`
`
`
`modulator (QPSK)
`
`FRAME l
`
`FRAME O
`
`
`
`interleaver
`
`FRAME 2
`
`FRAME 3
`
`
`
`symbols
`
`symbols
`
`Figure 3.3 Speech service mapping for micro and pico cellular environments
`
`In micro and pico cellular enviromnents, the spread speech/data burst 2 with 68 symbols per time slot
`and code can be used. In Figure 3.3, the mapping for these enviromnents is shown.
`
`The data from layer 2 is encoded with code rate RC = 1/3. After puncturing (178 + 3x) encoded bits,
`272 encoded bits are passed on to the bit to symbol mapper which generates 136 QPSK symbols. The
`interleaver distributes the 136 QPSK symbols over two out of four frames. Hence, only 2 basic physical
`charmels are utilized.
`
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`3.2.1.4 GSM type speech service
`
`Another possibility of providing speech service is a modified interleaving which allows a better
`exploitation of time diversity. In what follows, a service will be described which is intended for
`deployment in macro cellular enviromnents with bad Eb/N0 conditions, cf. Figure 3.4.
`
`L2
`
`
`
`450 bits
`
`‘
`
`450 bits
`
`3-x
`
`I
`
`puncturing
`
`448 bits
`
`224 symbols
`
`828 symbols
`
`code
`
`448 bits
`
`224 symbols
`
`8-28 symbols
`
`, modulation (QPSK)
`
`interleaving
`
` ‘ ‘ time
`
`i 28 symbols I 28 symbols
`
`28 symbols
`
`Figure 3.4 Speech service mapping for micro and pico cellular environments
`
`64 speech charmels are provided per carrier. By using a charmel coding rate of RC = 1/3, a very low
`Eb/N0 is required to achieve the QoS requirements. The mapping shall be described by considering two
`consecutive PDU's from layer 2. The PDU's are distinguished by their color in Figure 3.4, the first one
`being depicted in blue, the second one in red. First, the two PDU's from layer 2, each contaimng 150
`bits + x bits L2 overhead, are encoded with code rate RC = 1/3. Then, in each PDU, 2 bit + 3x bit are
`punctured to generate an output block size of 448 encoded bits. These 448 encoded bits are mapped
`onto 224 QPSK symbols. The 224 QPSK symbols are then interleaved with the same procedure used in
`GSM.
`
`The n1apping of the 224 QPSK symbols per PDU will be described by setting out from the left, i.e. the
`blue, PDU. In Figure 3.4, the slots available in eight consecutive TDMA frames are explicitly shown.
`Each TDMA frame consists of eight time slots and eight CDMA codes per time slot. The time slots are
`distinguished by their allocation with respect
`to the time axis whereas the CDMA codes are
`distinguished by their allocation with respect to the code axis. We denote upper left slot per TDMA
`frame slot 1 and the lower right shall be referred to as slot 64. Without loss of generality, only slot 1 is
`considered. In each slot, a burst is transmitted consisting of two burst halves comprising 28 QPSK
`symbols each.
`
`The 224 QPSK symbols are allocated to eight groups of 28 QPSK symbols each. Each group of 28
`QPSK symbols is then mapped onto a burst half. The first four groups of 28 QPSK symbols are
`allocated to the first burst halves of four bursts whereas the second four groups of 28 QPSK symbols
`are mapped onto the second burst halves. Meanwhile, the first four groups of 28 QPSK symbols
`associated with the following PDU, depicted in red, are mapped onto the first burst halves of the latter
`four bursts.
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 556 of 689
`
`L1
`
`150 bits
`
`, 150 bits
`
`x A
`
`_
`coding rate 1/3
`
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`3.3 Mixed services
`
`In the following a set of possible mixed service scenarios will be discussed with respect to a user
`deploying two different services simultaneously and in regard of the radio network offering a service
`mix.
`
`3.3.1 50% speech + 50% UDD 8
`
`i? PDU speech
`
`PDU UDD 8.
`
`coding rate l/3
`
`450 bits
`
`3-x
`
`
`
`224 bits
`
`112 symbols
`
`224 symbols
`
`256 symbols
`
`4-56 symbols.
`
`puncturing
`
`modulation (QPSK)
`
`interleaving
`
`code
`
`Frame 0
`
`Frame 3
`
`time
`
`Figure 3.5 5 0% speech + 5 0% UDD 8 (short UDD 8 packets)
`
`Assume that one Erl is related to a simultaneous connection consisting of speech and UDD 8. In this
`case, between 32 and 64 Erl can be offered. Thus, a maximum of 64 simultaneous connections are
`supported per cell and carrier. This is also the case when each user simultaneously entertains a speech
`and a UDD 8 connection.
`
`Assume that a user only uses one type of service, be it speech or UDD 8. In this case between 32 and 64
`speech users can coexist with between 32 and 64 UDD 8 users.
`
`Figure 3.5 shows one possibility of implementing the services for the case of short UDD 8 packets
`contaimng 150 bits each. The service mix is based on the speech service described in Figure 3.2. The
`short UDD 8 service uses a block size of 150 bits and a coding rate of 1/3. After additition of the layer
`2 overhead and puncturing the 448 bits are mapped onto 224 symbols interleaved and distributed over 4
`TDMA frames. The n1apping of the speech and the UDD 8 PDU's is depicted in Figure 3.5 over four
`successive TDMA frames. For the purpose of distinguishing the two types of PDU's, the speech PDU is
`shown in blue color whereas the UDD 8 PDU is red.
`
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`The speech service only requires two slots out of the 4-64 = 256 slots available in the four TDMA
`frames. Assume that within each TDMA frame slot #1 is located in the upper left edge, slot #8 is
`located in the lower left edge, cf. Figure 3.5. To allow the exploitation of time diversity, only slots of
`every second TDMA frame are used for this speech service. Without loss of generality, slot #8 of
`TDMA frame 1 and 3 are used for the speech service.
`
`The chosen UDD 8 service requires allocation of a single slot in every consecutive TDMA frame.
`Without loss of generality, slot #4 of every TDMA frame is used, cf. Figure 3.5.
`
`Hence, only two out of 64 slots of TDMA frames 1 and 3 and only one slot of TDMA frames 2 and 4
`are used. All other slots are still available for other services. Hence, 32 Erl of (50% speech + 50% UDD
`8) service mix can be supported per carrier as illustrated in Figure 3.5.
`
`In this case, still 32 slots of TDMA frame 2 and 32 slots of TDMA frame 4 are not allocated. These
`slots could then still be allocated to 32 more users of speech service.
`
`L2 PDU speech
`
`
`L1
`
`
`[PDU UDD 8
`
`10800 bits
`
`10752 bits 1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3-x
`
`
`
`coding rate 1/3
`
`puncturing
`
`modulation (QPSK)
`
`interleaving
`
`
`1 12 symbols
`
`
` 2-56 symbols
`
`
`
`
`
`Frame 0
`
`Frame 95 time
`
`Figure 3.6 5 0% speech + 5 0% UDD 8 (long UDD 8 packets)
`
`Figure 3.6 shows another possibility of implementing the services for the case of long UDD 8 packets
`contaimng 3600 bits each. The service mix is based on the same speech service and the long UDD 8
`service.
`
`The long UDD 8 service uses a block size of 3600 bits and a coding rate of 1/3. After additition of the
`layer 2 overhead and puncturing the 10752 bits are mapped onto 5376 symbols interleaved and
`distributed over 96 TDMA frames.
`
`Twenty-four consecutive speech PDU's each contaimng 150 bits and one UDD 8 PDU with 3600 bits
`are considered in Figure 3.6. The information contained in all these PDU's is distributed over 96
`consecutive TDMA frames. Similar to Figure 3.5, only every second TDMA frame is required for the
`deployed speech service. Therefore, slot #8 of every odd numbered TDMA frame is used for speech
`service. To facilitate the UDD 8 service, slot #4 of every consecutive TDMA frame is used.
`
`According to Figure 3.6, 32 Erl of (50% speech + 50% UDD 8) service mix can be supported.
`Furthermore, 32 slots of every even numbered TDMA frame are unused allowing for the support of e. g.
`up to 32 Erl of speech service No. 2 of Figure 3.6.
`
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`3.3.2 50% speech + 50% UDD 384
`
`Assume that one Erl is related to a simultaneous connection consisting of speech and UDD 384. In this
`case, between 1 and 2 Erl can be offered per carrier. Thus, a maximum of 2 simultaneous connections
`are supported per carrier. This is also the case when each user simultaneously entertains a speech and a
`UDD 384 connection.
`
`Assume that a user only uses one type of service, be it speech or UDD 384. In this case between 1 and 2
`speech users can coexist with between 1 and 2 UDD3 84 users.
`
`Figure 3. 7 illustrates a possible implementation of the service mix for the case of UDD 384 packets
`contaimng 12-3600 bits each.
`
`The service mix is based on the speech service described in Figure 3.3. The UDD 384 service uses 12
`blocks each with a size of 3600 bits and a coding rate of 1/3. After additition of the layer 2 overhead
`and puncturing the 6528 bits are mapped onto 3264 symbols interleaved and distributed over 24 TDMA
`frames. In this case, 2 Erl of (50% speech + 50% UDD 384) service mix can be supported per carrier.
`In the following, one Erl of this service mix will be described by using Figure 3. 7.
`
`Figure 3.7 shows six consecutive speech PDU's of 150 bits each and twelve consecutive UDD 384
`PDU's contaimng 3600 bits each. All these PDU's must be distributed and transmitted in 24 successive
`TDMA frames as shown in Figure 3. 7.
`
`With the considered speech service one slot of every second TDMA frame must be used. In our case
`slot #8 of the odd numbered TDMA frames is allocated to speech transmission. To support UDD 384,
`slots #9...#16, #33 .
`. .#40, and #57. . .#64 of each TDMA frame are used for UDD 384 related traffic.
`
`After allocating further resources to a second Erl of the (50% speech + 50% UDD 384) service mix,
`still 15 slots of each odd numbered and 16 slots of each even numbered TDMA frame are unallocated.
`
`In these slots, up to 31 Erl of extra speech service could be provided.
`
`L2
`
`
`coding rate
`1/3
`
`450 bits 3'x
`
`136 symbols
`l
`2
`
`
`
`p puncturing
`
`modulation
`
`‘
`
`(QPSK)
`.
`.
`interleaving
`
`Frame 0
`
`Frame 23 time
`
`Figure 3. 7 50% speech + 50% UDD 384
`
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`3.3.3 50% speech + 50% UDD 2048
`
`Assume that one Erl is related to a simultaneous connection consisting of speech and UDD 2048. In this
`case, 1 Erl can be offered per carrier. This is also the case when a user simultaneously entertains a
`speech and a UDD 2048 connection.
`
`Now, assmne that a user only uses one type of service, be it speech or UDD 2048. In this case 1 speech
`user can coexist with 1 UDD 2048 user.
`
`Figure 3.8 illustrates a possible implementation of the service mix for the case of UDD 2048 packets
`contaimng 128-3600 bits each and the same speech service as above. In this case, 1 Erl of (50% speech
`+ 50% UDD 2048) service mix can be supported.
`
`twelve
`In Figure 3.8, 48 consecutive TDMA frames with 64 slots each are shown. Furthermore,
`successive speech PDU's of 150 bits each are considered. To implement the speech service a single slot
`is required every second TDMA frame. Without loss of generality, slot #8 is utilized for speech
`transmission in each odd numbered TDMA frame.
`
`According to Figure 3.8, slots #9...#64 of every TDMA frame are used for implementing the UDD
`2048 service. 128 consecutive UDD 2048 PDU's with 3600 bits each are considered. One possible way
`of distributing the information contained in these PDU's over the 48 TDMA frames is indicated in
`Figure 3.8.
`
`PDU speech
`
`’
`
`’
`
`V‘
`
`
`
`L2
`L 1
`
`’ 3600 bits
`
`x
`
`' 10800 bits
`
`3~x1
`
`‘:
`
`.
`coding rate
`1/3
`
`puncturing
`
`
`
`150 bits
`
`x
`
`450 bits
`
`3-x
`
`272 bits
`
`136 symbols QPSK
`
`2-68 symbols
`
`571?. bits
`
`_.
`I
`f_
`1428 symbols 16 QAM
`
`p
`
`».
`
`‘
`
`modulation
`
`:_
`
`'
`
`7 interleaving
`
`
`
`Frame 0
`
`Frame 4
`
`Frame 20
`
`Frame 28
`
`Frame 47 ti1116
`
`Figure 3.8 50% speech + 50% UDD 2048
`
`In the odd numbered TDMA frames, slots #1...#7 are unused whereas slots #1...#8 of the even
`numbered TDMA frames are unallocated. Hence, up to 15 Erl of extra speech service could be
`provided per carrier.
`
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`ETSI SMG2#24
`
`97
`
`Madrid, Spain
`December 15th-19th, 1997
`
`Source: SMG2
`
`Agenda Item: 4.1 UTRA
`
`Subject: Evaluation Document Cover Sheet for:
`
`Tdoc SMG 899 /
`
`Concept Group Delta
`WB-TDMA/CDMA
`
`System Description Performance Evaluation
`
`Disclaimer:
`
`“This document was prepared during the evaluation work of SMG2 as a possible basis
`for the UTRA standard. It is provided to SMG on the understanding that the full
`details of the contents have not necessarily been reviewed by, or agreed by, SMG .”
`
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`
`Cork, Ireland
`
`December 1-5, 1997
`
`TDoc SMG2 368 / 97
`
`Concept Group Delta
`Wideband TDMA/CDMA
`
`Evaluation Report - Part 3
`V 2.0 b
`
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`Table of contents
`
`1 EVALUATION RESULTS
`
`1.1 Introduction
`
`1.2 Abbreviations
`
`1.3 Link level simulations
`
`1.3.1 Speech service
`13.2 LCD services
`1.3.3 UDD services
`
`1.4 Possible improvements
`
`564
`
`564
`
`564
`
`565
`
`566
`568
`571
`
`573
`
`Compared to the previous version of this report, the following improvements are included in this version:
`
`0
`
`the mimmum mean square error equalizer instead of the zero forcing equalizer has been used for joint
`detection, which leads to a performance improvement at the same computational complexity,
`
`the receive filter has been optimized.
`
`in some cases, burst type 1 instead of 2 has been used, leading to a better performance,
`
`the charmel estimation has been optimized,
`
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`1 Evaluation results
`
`1.1 Introduction
`
`As a part of the work carried out by the ETSI/SMG2 concept group Delta, Wideband TDMA/CDMA, a
`performance evaluation of TD/CDMA is carried out by means of simulations.
`The SMG2 document UMTS TR 30.03 [1] describes how this evaluation is to be made. It lists a large
`number of enviromnents and services to be tested. In Tdoc SMG2 260/97 [2] and Tdoc SMG2 329/97
`[5], a subset of all these test cases are listed as prioritised. Simulation results obtained so far are for
`these prioritised test cases. The prioritised simulation cases from Tdoc 260/97 and Tdoc 329/97 are
`shown in Table 1-1. In addition, a 2 Mbit/s circuit switched service is investigated in the Pedestrian
`environment.
`
`Table 1-1. Required simulations according to Tdoc 260/97 and Tdoc 329/97
`
`Environment
`
`Service mixture
`
`Outdoor to indoor
`
`UDD 384
`
`Propagation model
`
`Cell
`type
`Outdoor to indoor and Micro
`
`Link
`level
`X
`
`and pedestrian A
`3 km/h
`
`Indoor office A
`
`3 kn1/h
`
`Vehicular A
`
`120 kn1/h
`
`Speech
`LCD 144
`UDD 2048
`UDD 2048
`
`Speech
`LCD 384
`
`pedestrian A
`
`Indoor office A
`
`50% speech + 50% UDD 384
`UDD 144
`
`Vehicular A
`
`Macro
`
`Speech
`LCD 384
`
`System
`level
`X
`
`X
`
`250 kn1/h-
`120 kn1/h-
`
`120 kn1/h
`
`50% UDD 384
`
`3 krn/h
`
`In this chapter, link level simulation results for TD/CDMA for the services in Table 1-1 and for the 2
`Mbit/s circuit switched service in the Pedestrian environment are shown.
`
`1.2 Abbreviations
`
`ARQ
`BER
`BLER
`BS
`
`CDMA
`CRC
`DL
`
`FDD
`FEC
`
`GMSK
`LCD
`I\/Il\/ISE
`MS
`
`QPSK
`
`automatic repeat request
`bit error rate
`block error rate
`base station
`
`code division multiple access
`cyclic redundancy check
`downlink
`
`frequency division duplex
`forward error correction
`
`Gaussian minimum shift keying
`long constrained delay
`minimum mean square error
`mobile station
`
`quaternary phase shift keying
`
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`TDD
`TDMA
`TS
`
`UDD
`UL
`ZF
`l6QAM
`
`time division duplex
`time division multiple access
`time slot
`
`unconstrained delay data
`uplink
`zero forcing
`l6ary quadrature amplitude modulation
`
`1.3 Link level simulations
`
`In the following, link level simulation results for TD/CDMA are presented. The results are valid for
`both FDD and TDD operation. However, in TDD operation the results can be further improved by
`making use of the reciprocal channel for e. g. open loop control and pre-equalization.
`The circuit switched services,
`i.e., speech and LCD services, cf. Table 1-1, are implemented with
`forward error correction (FEC) and the packet services, i.e., UDD services, use automatic repeat request
`(ARQ) together with FEC. The basic assumptions and techmcal choices for the link level simulations
`are summarized in Table 1-2.
`
`Table 1-2 Basic assumptions and technical choices for the link level simulations
`
`
`
`inde endent charmel estimation from burst to burst
`
`[3] if not mentioned otherwise
`
`In the simulations, all intracell interferers are modelled completely with their whole transmission and
`reception chains. Intercell interference is modelled as white Gaussian noise. In the following, bit error
`rates (BER) are shown as a function of the average Eb/N0 in dB (Eb is the energy per bit and N0 is the
`one-sided spectral noise density) with the intracell interference, i.e., the number K of active users per
`
`time slot as a parameter. The relation between the Eb/N0 and the carrier to interference ratio C/I, with C
`denoting the carrier power per CDMA code and with I denoting the intercell interference power, is
`given by
`
`£_fl.Rc-log2M
`—
`I
`No
`B - Q - 7;
`
`(1-1)
`
`with
`
`Rc
`M
`B
`Q
`Tc
`
`the rate of the charmel encoder (depends on the service),
`the size of the data symbol alphabet (4 for QPSK, 16 for l6QAM),
`the user bandwidth (1.6 MHz),
`the number of chips per symbol (16) and
`the chip duration (0.46l5 us).
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 565 of 689
`
`ERIC-1007 / Page 565 of 689
`
`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`566
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`The expression log2M is the number of bits per data symbol and Q-Tc/log2M is the bit duration at the
`
`output of the encoder. One net information bit is transmitted in a duration of Q~Tc/(RC~log2M).
`
`Therefore, (1-1) is equivalent to C/I = (Eb/Tb)/(NOB), i.e., C = Eb/Tb and I = NOB with Tb the
`
`duration of a net information bit. The carrier to interference ratio per user is KC times the carrier to
`
`interference ratio per CDMA code, with KC denoting the number of CDMA codes per time slot per
`user.
`
`Compared to the previous version of this report, the following improvements are included in this
`version:
`
`0 The mimmum mean square error equalizer instead of the zero forcing equalizer has been used for
`joint detection, which leads to a performance improvement at the same computational complexity.
`
`0
`
`In some cases, burst type 1 instead of 2 has been used, leading to a better performance.
`
`0 The charmel estimation has been optimized by weighting the estimated taps by their reliability.
`
`0 The receive filter has been optimized. A receive filter matched to the linearized GMSK pulse has
`been introduced.
`
`1.3.1 Speech service
`
`In this section, link level simulation results for the speech service are given. The system parameters for
`implementing the speech service are summarized in Table 1-3.
`
`Table 1-3 System parameters for the speech service
`
`service
`user bit rate
`
`s eech, 8 kbit/s, 20 ms dela
`8.234 kbit/s
`
`number of time slots per frame per user
`number of codes per time slot per user
`burst type
`
`bits per basic physical channel
`
`data modulation
`convolutional code rate
`
`interleaving depth
`user block size
`
`frequency hopping
`
`1
`1
`spread speech/data burst 1 for the uplink and for
`Vehicular B downlink;
`spread speech/data burst 2 for the downlink except for
`Vehicular B
`
`112 for the spread speech/data burst 1;
`136 for the spread speech/data burst 2
`QPSK
`0.34 for the spread speech/data burst 1;
`0.28 for the spread speech/data burst 2
`4 frames = 4 bursts
`152 bits
`
`no frequency hopping for Vehicular,
`frame-by-frame hopping for Pedestrian and Indoor if
`not mentioned otherwise
`
`ulinkz es (2 branches), downlink: no
`
`The required values for Eb/N0 and C/I in order not to exceed a BER of 10'3 as defined for the speech
`
`service are summarized in Table 1-4. The values of C/I are obtained from the values of Eb/N0
`according to (1-1) by subtracting 13.2 dB for the spread speech/data burst 2 and by subtracting 12.4 dB
`for the spread speech/data burst 1.
`All the simulations have been performed with an equalizer which is not adaptive, i.e., which does not
`adapt to the time variations within one burst. By using an adaptive equalizer, the performance for the
`high speed cases can be improved. In all the simulation cases given in Table 1-4, no power control has
`been performed. For Pedestrian and Indoor enviromnent, frequency hopping has been used if not
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 566 of 689
`
`ERIC-1007 / Page 566 of 689
`
`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`567
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`mentioned otherwise. For the Vehicular B charmel, the n1idamble has been used which is designed for a
`maximum excess delay of the charmel of 15 us although the excess delay of the charmel impulse
`response is 20 us. The reason for this choice is that the power of the taps with long delay spread are
`rather weak in the Vehicular B charmel.
`
`In the following, the possible reduction of the required values for Eb/N0 and C/I in order not to exceed
`
`a BER of 10'3 in the case of low mobile velocities by using an enhanced power control instead of
`frequency hopping is investigated theoretically. For the Indoor case with K = 4 active users, the effect
`of an enhanced power control has been investigated exemplarily. In a first, idealized investigation, the
`actual power is estimated for each burst and then the transmit power of the next burst is adjusted
`according to the power estimate obtained in the last burst. In the simulations, real noisy power
`estimation is performed. The transmit power in the next burst is adjusted based on the unquantized
`power estimate obtained from the previous burst, which will give an upper bound of the gain that can be
`achieved by enhanced power control. This upper bound is equal to 5 dB. In a second investigation, the
`actual power is also estimated by real noisy power estimation for each burst. Based on this estimate, the
`transmit power in the next burst is either increased or decreased by a fixed step size of 2 dB. The gain
`achievable is 2.5 dB as compared to the case of using frequency hopping. The purpose of these
`investigations is to show the basic potential of an enhanced power control.
`
`Table 1-4 Required values for Eb/N0 and C/I for the speech service
`
`Speech 3 kbit/S
`
`10 log10 (Eb/N0) in dB @ BER = 10-3
`
`10 log10 (C/I) in dB @ BER = 10-3
`
`KC = 1
`
`K = 1
`
`4.6/7.9
`
`5.1/8.7
`
`-8.2 / -
`
`-7.8 / -5.3
`
`-7.3 / -4.5
`
`Outdoor to
`Indoor and
`
`Pedestrian A,
`3 kn1/h
`
`5.4/9.8
`
`5.6 / 10.2
`
`, __-Z.2_/_-__
`without FH:
`
`-2.1 / -
`
`11.4 / -
`
`without FH:
`-1.0 / -
`
`Vehicular B,
`
`4.3 / -
`
`4.9/8.2
`
`5.3/9.4
`
`-8.1/-
`
`-7.5 / -5.0
`
`-7.1/-3.8
`
`------
`------
`
`
`
`Vehicular B,
`
`5.4 / -
`
`5.9/9.3
`
`6.5 / 10.8
`
`-7.0 / -
`
`-6.5 / -3.9
`
`-5.9 / -2.4
`
`Kc = number of codes per time slot per user, K = number of users per time slot, UL/DL =
`uplink/downlink, FH = frequency hopping
`
`Corresponding bit error rate curves are shown in Figure 1-2 to Figure 1-6, where the coded BER
`
`(userBER) is depicted versus the Eb/N0.
`
`In Figure 1-1, the dependence of the required values for Eb/N0 for speech 8 kbit/s in order not to
`
`exceed a BER of 10'3 as a function of the number K of active users per time slot for Indoor A,
`Pedestrian A and Vehicular A in the downlink is depicted. Values of K between 1 and 12 are
`considered. There is a slight degradation with increasing number K of active users per time slot. This is
`due to the increase of intracell interference with increasing K. The degradation is less for the Indoor and
`Pedestrian channels which have less multipaths than for the Vehicular channel with more multipaths.
`When the number K of users approaches the spreading factor of 16, the degradation increases.
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 567 of 689
`
`ERIC-1007 / Page 567 of 689
`
`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`568
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`Eb/N0 in dB
`
`Eb/No for speech service with BER=10E-3
`
`16 —
`
`14 —
`
`12 -
`
`8
`
`_
`
`6 '
`4 _
`
`2 _
`
`O
`
`O
`
`I {__,_.
`
`+vehicu|ar
`—I— pedestrian
`—.u_»— indoor
`
`.
`2
`
`.
`4
`
`.
`6
`
`.
`8
`
`.
`10
`
`.
`12
`
`number of used codes per timeslot
`
`Figure 1-1. Dependence of the required values for Eb/N0 for speech 8 kbit/s in order not to
`
`exceed a BER of 10'3 as a function of the number K of active users per time slot in the downlink
`for Indoor A, Pedestrian A and Vehicular A
`
`1.3.2 LCD services
`
`In this section, link level simulation results for the LCD services are given. The system parameters for
`implementing the LCD 144 kbit/s service are summarized in Table 1-5 and for implementing the LCD
`384 kbit/s service in Table 1-6. Furthermore, an LCD 2048 kbit/s service is investigated, for which the
`system parameters are given in Table 1-7. For the LCD 144 kbit/s service,
`three alternatives are
`considered:
`
`0
`0
`0
`
`allocating 1 code in each of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD l44a),
`allocating 9 codes in l of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD l44b),
`allocating 3 codes in 4 of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD l44c).
`
`For the LCD 384 kbit/s service, two alternatives are considered:
`
`0
`0
`
`allocating 3 codes in each of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD 384a),
`allocating 9 codes in 3 of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD 384b).
`
`For the LCD 2084 kbit/s service, 9 codes are allocated in each of the 8 time slots to a user (LCD 2048).
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 568 of 689
`
`ERIC-1007 / Page 568 of 689
`
`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`569
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`Table 1-5 System parameters for the LCD 144 kbit/s service
`
`—n n
`
`umber of codes er time slot er userI
`
`bits er basic h sical channel
`
`TI
`
`frequency hopping
`
`frame-by-frame
`frame-by-frame
`frame-by-frame
`hopping for Pedestrian hopping for Pedestrian hopping for Pedestrian
`if not mentioned
`otherwise
`
`ulinkz es (2 branches),down1ink: no
`
`
`
`frame-by-frame hopping
`
`Table 1-6 System parameters for the LCD 384 kbit/s service
`
`—2
`-I
`
`6
`
`frequency hopping
`
`no frequency hopping for Vehicular,
`frame-by-frame hopping for Indoor
`up1ink:yes(2 branches), dcwnlinkz no
`
`Table 1-7 System parameters for the LCD 2048 kbit/s service
`
`—:
`
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 569 of 689
`
`ERIC-1007 / Page 569 of 689
`
`

`
`UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0
`
`570
`
`TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12)
`
`To reach the BER requirement of 10'6, the LCD services (except for LCD 144a) use a concatenated
`coding scheme with an inner convolutional code and an outer Reed Solomon code. In the results given
`here, the BER at the output of the inner convolutional decoder is shown. It is expected that a BER of
`about 10'4 at the output of the inner convolutional decoder will lead to a BER of 10'6 at the output of
`the outer Reed Solomon decoder. The results valid for the output of the Reed Solomon decoder are not
`yet available due to the extremely long simulation times to measure a BER of 10'6 with sufficient
`accuracy. The required values for Eb/N0 and C/I in order not to exceed a BER of 10'4 at the output of
`the inner convolutional decoder are summarized in Table 1-8 for LCD 144 kbit/s, in Table 1-9 for LCD
`384 kbit/s and in Table 1-10 for LCD 2048 kbit/s. The values of C/I are obtained from the values of
`
`Eb/N0 according to (1-1) by subtracting 9.7 dB for LCD 144a, 10.4 dB for LCD 144b, 11.6 dB for
`LCD 144 c, 10.4 dB for LCD 384a, 10.9 dB for LCD 384b and 7.9 dB for LCD 2048. The required
`
`Eb/N0 and C/I values for the downlink can be considerably reduced by using antemia diversity also in
`the downlink. This would be a reasonable assumption for those applications which are executed e. g. on
`a laptop.
`
`Table 1-8 Required values for Eb/N0 and C/I for the LCD 144 kbit/s service
`
`LCD 144 a
`
`10 log10 (Eb/N0) in dB @ BER = 10-4 cc
`
`10 log10 (C/I) in dB @ BER = 10-4 CC
`
`KC = 1
`
`Outdoor to
`Indoor and
`
`PedestrianA,
`3 kn1/h
`
`7.9/-
`
`-1.8/-
`
`LCD 144 b
`
`10 log10 (Eb/N0) in dB @ BER = 10-4 cc,
`
`10 log10 (C/I) in dB @ BER = 10-4 cc,
`
`i.e. @ BER : 10-6 Rs
`K = 1
`UL / DL
`
`i.e. @ BER : 10-6 Rs
`K = 1
`UL / DL
`
`10 log10 (Eb/N0) in dB @ BER = 10-4 cc,
`
`10 log10 (C/I) in dB @ BER = 10-4 cc,
`
`i.e. @ BER : 10-6 Rs
`
`K = 1
`UL/DL
`
`2.4/6.0
`
`K = 3
`UL/DL
`2.6 / 7.6
`
`K = 1
`UL/DL
`
`i.e. @ BER : 10-6 Rs
`
`K =3
`UL/DL
`
`KC = 9
`
`Outdoor to
`Indoor and
`
`Pedestrian A,
`3 km/h
`
`Outdoor to
`Indoor and
`
`Pedestrian A,
`3 km/h
`
`Kc = number of codes per time slot per user, K = number of users per time slot, UL/DL =
`uplink/downlink, CC = at the output of the inner convolutional decoder, RS = at the output of the outer
`Reed Solomon decoder
`
`ERIC-1007 I Page 570 of 68