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`A Look at the Basics of Bluetooth Technology
`Bluetooth® technology is a wireless communications technology that is simple, secure,
`and everywhere. You can find it in billions of devices ranging from mobile phones and
`computers to medical devices and home entertainment products. It is intended to replace
`the cables connecting devices, while maintaining high levels of security.
`
`The key features of Bluetooth technology are ubiquitousness, low power, and low cost.
`The Bluetooth Specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to
`connect and communicate with each other.
`
`When two Bluetooth enabled devices connect to each other, this is called pairing. The
`structure and the global acceptance of Bluetooth technology means any Bluetooth
`enabled device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled
`devices located in proximity to one another.
`
`Connections between Bluetooth enabled electronic devices allow these devices to
`communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets.
`Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices
`enter and leave radio proximity meaning that you can easily connect whenever and
`wherever it's convenient for you.
`
`Each device in a piconet can also simultaneously communicate with up to seven other
`devices within that single piconet and each device can also belong to several piconets
`simultaneously. This means the ways in which you can connect your Bluetooth devices is
`almost limitless.
`
`A fundamental strength of Bluetooth wireless technology is the ability to simultaneously
`handle data and voice transmissions. which provides users with a variety of innovative
`solutions such as hands-free headsets for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and
`synchronization for PCs and mobile phones, just to name a few.
`
`The range of Bluetooth technology is application specific. The Core Specification
`mandates a minimum range of 10 meters or 30 feet, but there is no set limit and
`manufacturers can tune their implementations to provide the range needed to support
`the use cases for their solutions.
`Bluetooth Core Specification
`Unlike other wireless standards, the Bluetooth Core Specification provides product
`developers both link layer and application layer definitions, which support data and voice
`applications. For more information about the Bluetooth Core Specification, visit our
`Bluetooth.org member site
` (member sign-in required for some sections of the site).
`Spectrum
`Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM)
`band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex
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`signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. The 2.4 GHz ISM band is available and
`unlicensed in most countries.
`Interference
`Bluetooth technology's adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) capability was designed to
`reduce interference between wireless technologies sharing the 2.4 GHz spectrum. AFH
`works within the spectrum to take advantage of the available frequency. This is done by
`the technology detecting other devices in the spectrum and avoiding the frequencies they
`are using. This adaptive hopping among 79 frequencies at 1 MHz intervals gives a high
`degree of interference immunity and also allows for more efficient transmission within the
`spectrum. For users of Bluetooth technology this hopping provides greater performance
`even when other technologies are being used along with Bluetooth technology.
`Range
`Range is application specific and although a minimum range is mandated by the Core
`Specification, there is not a limit and manufacturers can tune their implementation to
`support the use case they are enabling.
`
`Range may vary depending on class of radio used in an implementation:
`
`Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
`Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10
`meters or 33 feet
`Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100
`meters or 300 feet
`Power
`The most commonly used radio is Class 2 and uses 2.5 mW of power. Bluetooth
`technology is designed to have very low power consumption. This is reinforced in the
`specification by allowing radios to be powered down when inactive.
`
`The Generic Alternate MAC/PHY in Version 3.0 HS enables the discovery of remote
`AMPs for high speed devices and turns on the radio only when needed for data transfer
`giving a power optimization benefit as well as aiding in the security of the radios.
`
`Bluetooth low energy technology, optimized for devices requiring maximum battery life
`instead of a high data transfer rate, consumes between 1/2 and 1/100 the power of
`classic Bluetooth technology.
`Bluetooth technical information
`If you're an engineer, product manager, or anyone else looking for detailed technical
`information, visit our Bluetooth.org member site
`. You'll find a large Technical
`Resources section (member sign-in required) that covers testing and qualification,
`profiles, the Bluetooth Core Specification, and much more.
`
`The Bluetooth SIG runs this website, www.bluetooth.org
`, which is dedicated to
`members and serves as the definitive source of information around Bluetooth SIG
`programs, initiatives, and Bluetooth wireless technology development. If you are
`associated with a member company or interested in Bluetooth SIG membership, learn
`more at www.bluetooth.org
`.
`
`© 2015 Bluetooth SIG, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
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