Trials@uspto.gov
`571-272-7822
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` Paper 11
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` Entered: July 23, 2014
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`EIZO CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`BARCO N.V.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Case IPR2014-00358
`Patent RE43,707 E
`
`
`
`Before KALYAN K. DESHPANDE, JAMES B. ARPIN, and
`DAVID C. McKONE, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`DESHPANDE, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`
`
`DECISION
`Institution of Inter Partes Review
`37 C.F.R. § 42.108
`
`
`
`
`
`Universal Electronics Exhibit 2002, Page 1
`Universal Remote Control v. Universal Electronics, Trial No. IPR2014-01084
`
`
`571-272-7822
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Paper 11
`
`
` Entered: July 23, 2014
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`EIZO CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`BARCO N.V.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`Case IPR2014-00358
`Patent RE43,707 E
`
`
`
`Before KALYAN K. DESHPANDE, JAMES B. ARPIN, and
`DAVID C. McKONE, Administrative Patent Judges.
`
`DESHPANDE, Administrative Patent Judge.
`
`
`
`
`DECISION
`Institution of Inter Partes Review
`37 C.F.R. § 42.108
`
`
`
`
`
`Universal Electronics Exhibit 2002, Page 1
`Universal Remote Control v. Universal Electronics, Trial No. IPR2014-01084
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`IPR2014-00358
`Patent US RE43,707 E
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`
`I.
`INTRODUCTION
`Eizo Corporation (“Petitioner”) filed a corrected Petition requesting
`an inter partes review of claims 36, 46, 54, 64, 65, 77-79, 93, 94, 101-104,
`and 107 of Patent No. US RE43,707 E (Ex. 1001; “the ’707 patent”).
`Paper 4 (“Pet.”). Barco N.V. (“Patent Owner”) timely filed a Preliminary
`Response. Paper 9 (“Prelim. Resp.”). We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 314.
`The standard for instituting an inter partes review is set forth in
`35 U.S.C. § 314(a), which provides as follows:
`THRESHOLD—The Director may not authorize an inter partes
`review to be instituted unless the Director determines that the
`information presented in the petition filed under section 311
`and any response filed under section 313 shows that there is a
`reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with
`respect to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.
`
`Upon consideration of the Petition and the Preliminary Response, we
`determine that the information presented by Petitioner has established that
`there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner would prevail in showing the
`unpatentability of claims 101-104. Accordingly, we institute an inter partes
`review of these claims. We have also determined that the information
`presented by Petitioner has not established that there is a reasonable
`likelihood that Petitioner would prevail in showing the unpatentability of
`claims 36, 46, 54, 64, 65, 77-79, 93, 94, and 107 of the ’707 patent.
`Accordingly, we do not institute an inter partes review of those claims.
`
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`A. Related Proceedings
`Petitioner indicates that the ’707 patent is the subject of a Federal
`
`district court case: Barco, N.V. et al. v. Eizo Nanao Corp., 11-cv-00258
`(N.D. Ga). Pet. 1.
`Additionally, the ’707 patent is the subject of Inter Partes
`Reexamination No. 95/002,047 and was the subject of Ex Parte
`Reexamination No. 90/020,037 (“the ’037 Reexam.”).1 Pet. 1.
`B. The ’707 Patent
`The ’707 patent is directed to a system and method for noise reduction
`in medical images being viewed on display systems. Ex. 1001, 4:14-16.
`Scientific studies indicate that even a “slight increase of noise in medical
`images can have a significant negative impact on the accuracy and quality of
`medical diagnosis.” Id. at 1:30-33. Accordingly, the ’707 patent provides a
`noise reduction system and method that addresses non-uniformity of pixel
`behavior present in matrix-addressed electronic display devices. Id. at 4:36-
`41.
`
`The ’707 patent includes a range of embodiments, including a vision
`measurement system — a set-up for automated, electronic vision of
`individual pixels of a matrix-addressed display. Id. at 6:10-17. The vision
`measurement system includes an image capturing device, a movement
`device for moving the image capturing device, and/or a display. Id. at 6:17-
`
`
`1 The Office issued a rexexamination certificate, Reexamination Certificate
`No. US RE43,707 C1 (“the ’707 C1 certificate”), on March 31, 2014.
`
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`20. Each of the embodiments reaches the same result of outputting an
`electronic image of pixels. Id. at 6:20-23. “[A] process is run to extract
`pixel characterization data from the electronic image.” Id. at 7:4-7.
`Algorithms are used to assign a luminance value to each pixel, where the
`algorithm includes a first task of identifying a location of each of the matrix
`display pixels and relating the pixels to the pixels of the electronic image,
`and a second task of calculating and assigning one light-output value for
`each pixel. Id. at 7:8-13, 8:52-54. A test image may be generated by driving
`each of the pixels with the same drive signal or drive level, and the light-
`output of each pixel can be calculated from the test image. Id. at 9:25-39.
`The next task of the algorithm is to define a drive function, thereby
`providing a correction principle to generate a required light-output response
`curve for an individual pixel and, thus, equalizing the response of all of the
`pixels in a display. Id. at 10:29-42.
`An example of equalizing the behavior of the pixels is illustrated in
`Figure 10 as follows:
`
`
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`Figure 10 illustrates that pixels with curves A – C are equalized to that of
`curve D. Id. at 12:3-5. A specific transfer curve for each pixel may be used
`to compensate the behavior of each pixel’s characteristic luminance
`response, thereby modifying or curing any unequal luminance behavior over
`a display area. Id. at 12:19-28.
`C. Illustrative Claims
`Petitioner challenges claims 36, 46, 54, 64, 65, 77-79, 93, 94, 101-
`104, and 107 of the ’707 patent. Pet. 22-45. Subsequent to the filing of the
`Petition, a Reexamination Certificate issued in the ’037 Reexam., cancelling
`some of the claims challenged in the Petition and amending others.
`See Ex. 2005. Independent claim 36 was confirmed. Id. at 2. Claim 101,
`which depended from independent claim 100, now is written in independent
`form to include all of the limitations of cancelled claim 100. Id. Claim 64,
`which depended from claim 62, now depends from cancelled claim 94,
`which depended previously from claim 62. Claim 46 depends from
`independent claim 41. Claim 54 depends from independent claim 53.
`Claim 65 is disclaimed, and claims 77-79 and 93 are cancelled. Claims 102-
`104 depend, directly or indirectly, from independent claim 101. Claim 107
`depends from independent claim 105.
`Claims 36, 64, 101, and 107 are illustrative of the remaining,
`challenged claims and are reproduced below:
`36. A method of image processing, said method comprising:
`
`for each of a plurality of pixels of a display, obtaining a
`measure of a light-output response of at least a portion of the
`pixel at each of a plurality of driving levels;
`
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`modifying a map of the display that is based on the
`
`obtained measures, said modifying including, with respect to a
`magnitude of a component having a spatial period between one
`and fifty millimeters, decreasing a magnitude of a component
`having a spatial period less than one millimeter and decreasing
`a magnitude of a component having a spatial period greater than
`fifty millimeters; and
`
`based on the modified map and an image signal that
`represents at least one physical and tangible object, obtaining a
`display signal that is configured to cause the display to depict
`the at least one physical and tangible object.
`
`64. The image processing apparatus of claim 94, wherein the
`desired non-uniform light-output response comprises a lower
`degree of non-uniformity for pixels substantially at a center of
`the display than for pixels substantially at edges of the display.
`
`101. An image processing apparatus comprising:
`an array of logic elements configured to generate a
`display signal based on a map and an image signal that
`represents at least one physical and tangible object
`wherein the display signal is configured to cause a
`display to depict a display image of the at least one physical
`and tangible object, and
`wherein the map comprises correction data configured to
`correct for pixel non-uniformity only when the pixel non-
`uniformity is outside of a tolerance level, and
`
`wherein the tolerance level varies among pixels of the
`display.
`
`107. The image processing apparatus according to claim 105,
`wherein the map comprises correction data for a first pixel in
`the display based in part on a light-output response of at least
`one pixel in the display adjacent to the first pixel that has a
`degree of non-uniformity greater than a predetermined
`threshold.
`
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`References Relied Upon By Petitioner
`D.
`Petitioner relies upon the following references:
`Exhibit No.
`References
`1002
`Patent No. US 7,227,519 B1 (“Kawase”)
`1003
`Patent Publication No. US 2005/0012821 A1 (“Kanai”)
`1004
`Patent Publication No. US 2005/0093798 A1 (“Kamada”)
`1005
`Patent No. US 5,359,342 (“Nakai”)
`1006
`Patent Publication No. US 2005/0023986 A1 (“Mizukoshi”)
`1007
`Patent No. US 7,050,074 B1 (“Koyama”)
`1008
`Patent No. US 6,271,825 B1 (“Greene”)
`1009
`Patent No. US 6,791,566 B1 (“Kuratomi”)
`
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`E. Asserted Grounds of Unpatentability
`Petitioner asserts grounds of unpatentability for claims 36, 46, 54, 64,
`65, 77-79, 93, 94, 101-104, and 107 of the ’707 patent under 35 U.S.C.
`§§ 102 and 103, as follows (see Pet. 22-45):
`
`Reference(s)
`
`Kawase and Kanai
`Kamada
`Nakai
`Nakai and Mizukoshi
`Nakai and Koyama
`Greene and Kamada
`Greene
`Greene and Kuratomi
`
`Basis
`
`§ 103(a)
`§ 102(e)
`§ 102(b)
`§ 103(a)
`§ 103(a)
`§ 103(a)
`§ 102(b)
`§ 103(a)
`
`Claims
`Challenged
`36, 46, and 54
`64 and 65
`77-79 and 94
`93
`94
`101-104
`107
`107
`
`II. ANALYSIS
`A. Claim Construction
`In an inter partes review, claim terms in an unexpired patent are
`interpreted according to their broadest reasonable construction in light of the
`specification of the patent in which they appear. 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b);
`Office Patent Trial Practice Guide, 77 Fed. Reg. 48,756, 48,766 (Aug. 14,
`2012). Claim terms are given their ordinary and customary meaning, as
`would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the context of the
`entire disclosure. In re Translogic Tech., Inc., 504 F.3d 1249, 1257
`(Fed. Cir. 2007). A claim term will not be given its ordinary and customary
`meaning, however, when an inventor acts as his or her own lexicographer,
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`defining the term in the specification with reasonable clarity, deliberateness,
`and precision. Renishaw PLC v. Marposs Societa’ per Azioni, 158 F.3d
`1243, 1249 (Fed. Cir. 1998).
`Neither Petitioner nor Patent Owner proposes the construction of any
`claim terms. Accordingly, all terms are given their ordinary and customary
`meaning consistent with the Specification.
`B. Timeliness of Petition
`Patent Owner contends that the Petition is time-barred under Section
`315(b) because the Petition was filed more than one year after the date on
`which Petitioner was served a complaint alleging infringement of the patent.
`Prelim. Resp. 2-15. Patent Owner specifically argues that it served a
`complaint alleging infringement of Patent No. US 7,639,849 B2 (“the ʼ849
`patent”) upon Petitioner on October 7, 2011. Id. at 2; see Ex. 2002.
`Subsequent to this service, the ʼ849 patent was reissued on October 2, 2012,
`as the ʼ707 patent. Prelim. Resp. 2. The instant Petition was filed on
`January 17, 2014, more than two years after the date of service of the
`complaint. Id. Accordingly, Patent Owner argues that the Petition is
`untimely under Section 315(b). Id. at 2-15.
`We are not persuaded by Patent Owner’s arguments. Sections 251
`and 252 state, respectively, that “[w]henever any patent is, through error,
`deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid, . . . the Director shall, on the
`surrender of such patent . . . , reissue the patent for the invention disclosed
`in the original patent” and “[t]he surrender of the original patent shall take
`effect upon the issue of the reissued patent.” 35 U.S.C. §§ 251, 252
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`(emphasis added). The new reissue patent is a distinct property right that
`“does not simply replace an original patent nunc pro tunc.” Intel Corp. v.
`Negotiated Data Solutions, Inc., 703 F.3d 1360, 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
`(citing Spectronics Corp. v. H.B. Fuller Co., 940 F.2d 631, 637-38 (Fed. Cir.
`1991)). 35 U.S.C. § 315(b) recites that
`[a]n inter partes review may not be instituted if the petition
`requesting the proceeding is filed more than 1 year after the
`date on which the petitioner, real party of interest, or privy of
`the petitioner is served with a complaint alleging infringement
`of the patent (emphasis added).
`
`Here, Patent Owner served upon Petitioner a complaint alleging
`infringement of the ʼ849 patent. See Ex. 2002. The reissuance of the ʼ849
`patent as the ʼ707 patent did not continue the ʼ849 patent, but rather resulted
`in the surrender of the ʼ849 patent and the issuance of a new patent, the ʼ707
`patent. Patent Owner served Petitioner with an amended complaint alleging
`infringement of the ʼ707 patent on January 17, 2013. See Ex. 2004. The
`Board accorded the instant Petition a filing date of January 17, 2014.
`See Paper 3. Accordingly, Section 315(b) is not applicable here because the
`Petition was not filed more than one year after Petitioner was served with the
`amended complaint first alleging infringement of the ʼ707 patent.
`We also are unpersuaded by Patent Owner’s argument that the claims
`of the ʼ849 patent are substantially identical to the claims of the ʼ707 patent,
`and, therefore, under Section 252, the ʼ849 patent is the same as the
`ʼ707 patent for the purposes of Section 315(b). Prelim. Resp. 6-8, 12-14.
`Section 315(b) requires that “the petitioner . . . is served with a complaint
`
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`alleging infringement of the patent.” 35 U.S.C. § 315(b) (emphasis added).
`That is, Section 315(b) is concerned with alleging infringement of a patent
`generally, and not specific claims. Id.
`Accordingly, we are not persuaded by Patent Owner’s argument and
`determine that the Petition satisfies Section 315(b).
`C. Claims 36, 46, and 54 – Obviousness over Kawase and Kanai
`Petitioner contends that claims 36, 46, and 54 are unpatentable under
`35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as obvious over Kawase and Kanai. Pet. 22-30.
`1. Kawase (Ex. 1002)
`Kawase teaches a method of driving a display panel that corrects
`
`luminance variation that arises as a result of change over time. Ex. 1002,
`1:8-15. The method includes the step of changing a luminance setting
`reference value with the elapsing of time. Id. at 5:16-18. The renewal
`intervals are changed in accordance with the characteristics of luminance
`degradation. Id. at 5:19-21. A correction operation, which includes the
`driving of pixel and capturing of luminance information, is carried out
`within a period not affecting video signal output. Id. at 5:27-29. Grey scale
`then is realized. Id. at 5:31-37. The driving method is illustrated in
`Figure 1, reproduced below:
`
`
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`Figure 1 illustrates the flow of inputted video signals. Ex. 1002,
`
`10:19. Video decoder 1 separates an input composite video signal into an
`RGB luminance signal and horizontal and vertical signals. Id. at 10:22-24.
`The RGB luminance signal is converted to a digital signal by A/D
`converter 3. Id. at 10:23-25. Controller 2 “receives the horizontal and
`vertical signals from video decoder 1 and generates timing signals that are
`synchronized with the horizontal and vertical signals.” Id. at 10:25-28.
`Correction circuit 12 uses a value related to luminance in order to
`suppress variation in luminance between pixels. Id. at 10:28-31. For a
`display panel using electron-emitting elements, phosphors and an anode
`electrode are disposed on a surface opposing the electron-emitting elements,
`and the current emitted from each pixel is determined by measuring the
`amount of current flowing to the anode electrode. Id. at 10:33-42. “In
`addition, the driving current signal from signal driver 7 is a detected driving
`signal applied to the display panel.” Id. at 10:41-43. Either of these values
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`may be used for error correction. Ex. 1002, 10:43-44. Correction value
`arithmetic unit 6 performs comparison operations between values related to
`measured luminance values and target luminance values and stores the
`differences as correction values in memory 5. Id. at 10:44-49. Corrector 4
`retrieves these values from memory 5 and performs the correction. Id. at
`10:50-54.
`2. Kanai (Ex. 1003)
`Kanai teaches a method of correcting luminance unevenness of a
`display device. Ex. 1003 ¶ 3. The display device, which includes a
`correction unit and a plurality of display elements, performs a correction on
`input signals before outputting the signals to respective display elements.
`Id. ¶ 10.
`Generally, the correction “method reduces or deletes some frequency
`components from among frequency components of luminance unevenness”
`in order to keep the unevenness from easily being viewed. Id. ¶ 21. In
`selecting the frequency components to be reduced or deleted, the method
`selects components of higher frequency than at least one of the components
`to be maintained, or selects components of a higher frequency than a
`predetermined frequency. Id.
`Luminance unevenness may be measured by driving individual
`display elements on the basis of input signals having the same value
`indicative of a predetermined luminance. Id. ¶ 22. Measured luminance
`data is sent to a correction value generating part that calculates correction
`values. Id. ¶ 64. The display device also calculates a luminance target value
`
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`for the display element, which is “the luminance of a certain display element
`that is obtainable when luminance unevenness is eliminated by ideal
`correction free of correction error.” Ex. 1003 ¶ 76. “Each frequency
`component of the luminance target values is not greater than the luminance
`unevenness discrimination threshold.” Id. ¶ 82. The correction values are
`calculated by dividing the luminance target values by the measured
`luminance data. Id. ¶¶ 85, 101. The calculated correction values then are
`stored in a table and used by a multiplier to multiply the image data by the
`correction value, which then outputs image data representative of corrected
`luminance unevenness. Id. ¶¶ 86, 103.
`
`3. Analysis
`The evidence set forth by Petitioner is insufficient to persuade us that
`there is a reasonable likelihood that Petitioner will prevail in showing that
`claims 36, 46, and 54 are unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103 as obvious
`over Kawase and Kanai. Pet. 22-30. Specifically, we are not persuaded by
`Petitioner that the combination of Kawase and Kanai teaches or suggests all
`of the limitations of claims 36, 46, and 54.
`Independent claim 36 recites “a method of image processing” that
`comprises “for each of a plurality of pixels of a display, obtaining a measure
`of a light-output response of at least a portion of the pixel at each of a
`plurality of driving levels.” Independent claims 41 and 53, from which
`claims 46 and 54 depend, respectively, recite similar limitations. Petitioner
`contends that Kawase describes that “luminance information from all the
`pixels is captured by the luminance capturing means and is compared with
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`[a] target luminance.” Pet. 22-23 (citing Ex. 1002, 17:31-34). Petitioner
`further contends that Kawase describes that, “[w]hen there is a deviation
`from the target luminance, driving voltage is changed and luminance is
`measured again until a voltage value that converges to the target luminance
`is determined.” Id. (citing Ex. 1002, 17:34-41). Accordingly, Petitioner
`contends that Kawase describes this limitation.
`Claim 36 further recites
`modifying a map of the display that is based on the obtained
`measures, said modifying
`including, with respect
`to a
`magnitude of a component having a spatial period between one
`and fifty millimeters, decreasing a magnitude of a component
`having a spatial period less than one millimeter and decreasing
`a magnitude of a component having a spatial period greater than
`fifty millimeters.
`Claims 46 and 54 recite similar limitations. Petitioner acknowledges that
`“Kawase does not disclose decreasing a magnitude of components having a
`spatial period less than one millimeter and greater than fifty millimeters.”
`Id. Petitioner contends that Kanai describes “a step of reducing
`predetermined high frequency components and reducing predetermined low
`frequency components from among frequency components of spatial
`frequency data.” Id. (citing Ex. 1003 ¶¶ 14, 16). Kanai discloses
`specifically that “high-frequency [unevenness] is approximately completely
`eliminated and low-frequency unevenness is reduced to a negligible degree.”
`Ex. 1003 ¶ 88.
`
`Petitioner acknowledges that Kanai fails to “explicitly disclose the
`specific spatial periods of one and fifty millimeters.” Pet. 30. Petitioner
`
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`argues, however, that spatial periods below one millimeter and above fifty
`millimeters are in accordance with human perceptual limitations, and,
`because Kanai discloses reducing or eliminating components according to
`human perceptual limitations, the spatial periods of one and fifty millimeters
`would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art. Id. Petitioner
`argues that “one of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to
`modify the system of Kawase with Kanai’s teaching of reducing or
`eliminating frequency components outside of a passage region because
`Kanai teaches that this reduces unevenness and improves image quality.”
`Id. (citing Ex. 1003 ¶¶ 87, 88).
`
`We are not persuaded by Petitioner. Petitioner has not provided
`evidence to support the argument that decreasing the magnitude of a
`component with a spatial period below one millimeter and decreasing the
`magnitude of a component above fifty millimeters would have been obvious
`to a person with ordinary skill in the art. Petitioner also does not provide
`sufficient evidence to support the argument that spatial periods below one
`millimeter and above fifty millimeters are in accordance with human
`perceptual limitations. Although basic knowledge available to a person with
`ordinary skill in the art may provide a reason to combine elements in prior
`art, it does not establish the presence of the element itself. See K/S HIMPP
`v. Hear-Wear Techs., LLC, 751 F.3d 1362, 1365-1366 (Fed. Cir. 2014).
`General conclusions about what is “basic knowledge” are not a substitute for
`documentary evidence for describing core fact finding. Id. Here, we are not
`
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`persuaded by Petitioner that such limitations would have been obvious to a
`person with ordinary skill in the art.
`
`Furthermore, we are persuaded by Patent Owner that Kanai does not
`describe explicitly decreasing the magnitude of a component having a spatial
`period below a specified value and decreasing the magnitude of a component
`having a spatial period above a specified value. Prelim. Resp. 17-22.
`Petitioner argues that Kanai discloses “that applying correction processing
`approximately completely eliminates the high-frequency unevenness and
`reduces the low-frequency unevenness to a negligible degree.” Pet. 23
`(citing Ex. 1003 ¶ 88). Figures 8B and 8D, reproduced below, illustrate the
`elimination of high-frequency and low-frequency unevenness:
`
`
`Figure 8B illustrates luminance unevenness for pixels, and Figure 8D
`illustrates the correction of the unevenness of pixels. Ex. 1003 ¶¶ 87-88.
`We are not persuaded, however, that the magnitudes of both high-frequency
`and low-frequency values, in Figure 8B, are decreased in order to provide
`the correction values in Figure 8D.
`
`Accordingly, Petitioner has not shown a reasonable likelihood of
`prevailing in showing that claims 36, 46, and 54 of the ’707 patent would
`have been obvious over Kawase and Kanai.
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`D. Claim 64 – Anticipation by Kamada
`Petitioner contends that claim 64 is unpatentable under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 102(e) as anticipated by Kamada. Pet. 30-32. Original claim 64 depended
`from claim 62. See Ex. 1001, 36:16-19. Claim 64, as amended by the
`’707 C1 certificate, now depends from cancelled claim 94. Ex. 2005, 1:32-
`36. Petitioner only presents arguments directed to original claim 64, as
`depending from claim 62, and does not present any arguments as to the
`limitations recited by cancelled claim 94. Pet. 30-32. Petitioner bears the
`burden of showing that Kamada discloses the limitations of dependent
`claim 64 and the claims from which claim 64 depends, directly or indirectly.
`Petitioner has not provided sufficient evidence to demonstrate that Kamada
`discloses the limitations 64 as depending from claim 94. Accordingly,
`Petitioner has not established that there is a reasonable likelihood that
`Petitioner would prevail in showing the unpatentability of claim 64 as
`anticipated by Kamada.
`E. Claims 101-104 – Obvious over Greene and Kamada
`Petitioner contends that claims 101-104 are unpatentable under
`35 U.S.C. § 103 as obvious over Greene and Kamada. Pet. 38-42. Original
`claim 101 depended from claim 100. Ex. 1001, 38:33-34. Claim 101, as
`amended by the ’707 C1 certificate, includes the same limitations as original
`claim 101, but is written in independent form to incorporate the limitations
`of its original base claim, independent claim 100. Ex. 2005, 2:55-3:2; see
`also Ex. 1001, 38:22-34. As such, original claim 101 and amended claim
`101 are identical in scope. Although Petitioner and Patent Owner only have
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`presented arguments directed to original claim 101, we find that the same
`arguments apply to amended claim 101 because the scope of original claim
`101 and that of amended claim 101 are identical. Accordingly, our analysis
`here is of amended claim 101.
`1. Greene (Ex. 1008)
`Greene teaches methods for correcting spatial non-uniformities in the
`brightness of electronic displays. Ex. 1008, 1:8-13. Greene describes
`“several methods for keeping a resultant luminance substantially constant
`using active control means.” Id. at 8:45-47. “The correction methods
`incorporate the measurement of brightness characteristics of the display” and
`“can be applied to selected pixels or all of the pixels.” Id. at 4:34-36. The
`measured data is stored and then “selectively retrieved during the operation
`of the display and used to scale and/or interpolate drive signals in real-time.”
`Id. at 4:39-44. Corrections are made with respect to a chosen reference
`system such that any remaining gradual and abrupt brightness non-
`uniformities over the selected pixels fall below the human eye’s detectable
`luminance threshold under intended viewing conditions. Id. at 4:51-55. The
`luminance correction method is illustrated in Figure 4, reproduced below:
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`Figure 4 is a block diagram of the luminance correction method,
`which includes data input, luminance scaler/adder 56, central random access
`memory 54, display controller 52, row drivers 52a, and column drivers 52b.
`Ex. 1008, 10:48-58. Luminance scaler/adder 56 receives data input, such as
`video data, and recomputes the color coordinates of the received data input
`based on luminance ratios stored in central random access memory 54. Id. at
`10:53-58. As a result of this recomputing, the color coordinates are
`normalized for the intended light display. Id. at 10:59-61. Then, display
`controller 52, which is operatively connected to row drivers 52a and column
`drivers 52b, receives the normalized data. Id. at 10:53-56. A modified pixel
`stream then is output to drivers 52a and 52b. Id. at 11:8-11.
`2. Kamada (Ex. 1004)
`Kamada teaches a display correction circuit and a display apparatus
`that correct uneven image appearance caused by the display apparatus.
`Ex. 1004 ¶ 2. Kamada describes a memory that stores first data indicative of
`size and position of a rectangular region on the display screen and second
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`data indicative of gray level changes in a surrounding region around the
`rectangular region in an isometric manner with respect to a horizontal and
`vertical direction. Id. ¶ 19. An image processing unit adjusts gray level of
`image data in response to the first data and second data. Id. The image
`processing apparatus is illustrated in Figure 1, reproduced below:
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`Figure 1 is a diagram of the liquid crystal display apparatus that
`includes image processing apparatus 11, memory 12, signal source 13, and
`liquid crystal display panel 14. Ex. 1004 ¶¶ 41-42. Signal source 13
`supplies image data signals for display on liquid crystal display panel 14.
`Id. ¶ 42. Image processing apparatus 11 corrects the image data signals
`based on correction data stored by memory 12 and supplies the corrected
`image data signals to liquid crystal display panel 14. Id.
`An area to be corrected is specified by two points corresponding to the
`top left corner and the bottom right corner of a rectangular region. Id. ¶ 45.
`Constant correction value k, which corresponds to an amount of shift by
`which a gray level is changed, is applied to the rectangular region. Id.
`Constant correction value k is decreased gradually in a region surrounding
`the rectangular region, where the surrounding region has a specified width
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`surrounding the rectangular region. Id. Thus, the correction value is k at the
`edge of the rectangular region and decreases to zero at the edge of the
`surrounding region. Id.
`3. Analysis
`The
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