(12) United States Patent
`Felder et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006688123B2
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,688,123 B2
`Feb.10,2004
`
`(54) AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
`APPARATUS FOR FREEZERS AND
`RELATED METHOD THEREOF
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Robin A. Felder, Charlottesville, VA
`(US); B. Sean Graves, Charlottesville,
`VA (US); James P. Gunderson,
`Charlottesville, VA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: University of Virginia Patent
`Foundation, Charlottesville, VA (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/429,490
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`May 5, 2003
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2003/0196444 A1 Oct. 23, 2003
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`( 63) Continuation of application No. 10/263,910, filed on Oct. 3,
`2002, now Pat. No. 6,581,395, which is a continuation of
`application No. 09/935,488, filed on Aug. 23,2001, now Pat.
`No. 6,467,285.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/299,597, filed on Jun. 20,
`2001, and provisional application No. 60/227,166, filed on
`Aug. 23, 2000.
`Int. Cl? .......................... F25D 17/00; F25D 25!02
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 62/177; 62/381
`(58) Field of Search .......................... 62/177, 381, 382,
`62/378, 62, 178, 336, 337; 434/322; 600/544
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,163,994 A * 1!1965 Haumann et a!. ............. 62/218
`3,782,133 A * 1!1974 Desperier et a!. ............. 62/381
`3,787,699 A * 1!1974 Menachem et a!. ......... 250!507
`4,485,641 A * 12/1984 Angelier eta!. .......... 62/514 R
`
`4,799,358 A * 1!1989 Knopf eta!. .................... 62/3
`4,870,829 A * 10/1989 Oullette et a!. .............. 62/51.1
`4,969,336 A * 11/1990 Knippscheer eta!. ......... 62/266
`5,125,240 A * 6/1992 Knippscheer eta!. ......... 62/266
`5,176,202 A * 1!1993 Richard ..................... 165/48.1
`5,233,844 A * 8/1993 Knippscheer eta!. ......... 62/440
`5,498,116 A * 3/1996 Woodruff eta!. ........... 414/331
`5,628,197 A * 5/1997 Rada ............................. 62/62
`5,638,686 A * 6/1997 Coelho et a!.
`............... 62/51.1
`5,921,102 A * 7/1999 Vago ........................... 62/337
`6,068,437 A * 5!2000 Boje eta!. ............. 414/331.02
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0411224 A2 * 2/1991
`EP
`wo 91!02202
`wo
`* 2/1991
`wo 98/58215
`wo
`* 12/1998
`* cited by examiner
`
`............. F25D/3/11
`........... F25D/23/02
`. .......... F25B/19/00
`
`Primary Examiner-Marc Norman
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert 1. Decker
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An automated cold storage apparatus, and related method
`thereof, provides a sample process management system that
`is a revolutionary approach to the storage and retrieval
`regarding critical samples. The system-a significant tech(cid:173)
`nological breakthrough in laboratory automation-is the
`first ultra low temperature robotic system capable of being
`validated. Samples in containers are stored and retrieved
`robotically through an airlock climate-control chamber that
`is automatically dehumidified by a dry gas purge, such as a
`carbon dioxide or nitrogen purge or the like. This purge
`rapidly reduces ambient humidity to a desirable relative
`humidity (RH), e.g., less than about 15% RH, virtually
`eliminating the accumulation of frost. Microplates are sys(cid:173)
`tematically identified using barcode technology, for
`example. Once through the climate-controlled chamber, the
`containers (i.e., samples) are robotically transferred to the
`rotary mechanism. This mechanism transports the containers
`to a derived nest location upon the storage means, such as a
`carousel or to one of the stationary addresses.
`
`42 Claims, 26 Drawing Sheets
`
`10
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`20
`
`43
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`42
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`66
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 1
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 1 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`11
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`
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`CONTROL
`SYSTEM
`
`&
`
`FIG. 1
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 2
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 2 0f 26
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`Page 3
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 3
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 3 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`
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`FIG. 28
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 4
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 4
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 4 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`FIG. 3
`
`66
`
`
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`FIG. 4A
`
`FIG. 48
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 5
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 6
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet6 0f26
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 7 0f 26
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 8
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 8 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`Page 9
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 9 0f 26
`
`US 6,688,123 B2
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`A] 600
`
`EXTERIOR DOOR OPENS AND TRANSPORT TRAY
`EXITS, AND STORAGE CONTAINER IS PLACED IN CHAMBER
`
`DEVICE, AND STORAGE LOCATION IS ASSIGNED
`
`EXTERIOR DOOR CLOSES, TRANSPORT TRAY RETURNS TO CHAMBER
`AND STORAGE CONTAINERS BARCODE IS SCANNED BY READER
`
`601
`
`602
`
`EXTERIOR DOOR AND INTERIOR DOOR ARE IN CLOSED POSITION WHILE
`
`503
`
`AIR PURGING SYSTEM COOLS AND DEHUMIDIFIES AIR IN CHAMBER
`604
`
`INTERIOR DOOR OPENS, TRANSPORT TRAY TRANSPORTS THE
`
`CONTAINER INWARD, A PICKING MECHANISM IS ADVANCED INTO THE
`CHAMBER TO PICK UP STORAGE CONTAINERS AND THEN RETRACTS
`
`TO PLACE CONTAINER ON INTERCHANGE TRAY, INTERIOR DOOR CLOSES
`
`THE STORAGE CAROUSEL IS ROTATED TO ROTATIONALLY ALIGN
`
`CORRECT VERTICAL RACK WITH THE FUTURE POSITION OF THE
`INTERCHANGE MECHANISM
`
`TARGETED STORAGE TRAY
`
`INTERCHANGE MECHANISM IS ACTUATED VERTICALLY BYA VERTICAL
`TRANSPORTER TO VERTICALLY ALIGN WITH CORRECT HEIGHT OF
`
`A ROTARY TRANSPORTER ROTATES THE INTERCHANGE MECHANISM
`TO ROTATIONALLY ALIGN WITH CORRECT VERTICAL RACK
`
`TO 608
`
`FIG. GB
`
`505
`
`606
`
`607
`
`FIG. 6A
`
`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 10
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 10 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`FROM 607
`FIG. 6A
`
`600
`
`4/
`
`PICKING MECHANISM IS ADVANCED SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTALLY TO
`PLACE THE STORAGE CONTAINER ON STORAGE TRAY
`
`PICKlNG MECHANISM IS VERTICALLY LOWERED A NOMINAL HEIGHT AND
`
`RETRACTED SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTALLY TO DISENGAGE THE
`STORAGE CONTAINER
`
`IN DATABASE
`
`PROCESSOR RECORDS RELEVANT STORAGE CONTAINER INFORMATION
`
`INTERCHANGE MECHANISM IS ROTATED TO ROTATIONALLY ALIGN WITH
`INTERIOR DOOR OF THE CHAMBER AND THE INTERCHANGE MECHANISM
`IS VERTICALLY ACTUATED TO VERTICALLY ALIGN WITH INTERIOR
`
`DOOR, FOR A RESTING STATE
`
`FIG. SB
`
`608
`
`609
`
`610
`
`611
`
`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 11
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 11
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`

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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 11 0f 26
`
`US 6,688,123 B2
`
`700
`
`‘/
`
`STORAGE CONTAINER ID FOR DESIRED OR TARGETED
`CONTAINER IS ENTERED ELECTRONICALLY
`
`CENTRAL PROCESSOR LOCATES RELEVANT STORAGE CONTAINER
`
`INFORMATION IN THE DATABASE AND LOCATION OF STORAGE
`CONTAINER IN STORAGE CAROUSEL IS DETERMINED
`
`IF SECURITY IS REQUIRED, THEN AN ACCESS CODE IS ENTERED VIA DATA
`INPUT DEVICE AND CONFIRMED BY PROCESSOR TO ALLOW ACCESS
`TO THE DESIRED STORAGE CONTAINER
`
`STORAGE CONTAINER
`
`STORAGE CAROUSEL Is ROTATED TO ROTATIONALLY ALIGN THE
`CORRECT VERTICAL RACK, CONTAINING THE DESIRED STORAGE
`CONTAINER, WITH THE FUTURE POSITION INTERCHANGE MECHANISM
`
`INTERCHANGE MECHANISM IS ACTUATED VERTICALLY BY A VERTICAL
`TRANSPORTER TO VERTICALLY ALIGN WITH THE CORRECT HEIGHT OF A
`DESIRED STORAGE TRAY
`
`ROTARY TRANSPORTER ROTATES THE INTERCHANGE MECHANISM
`TO ROTATIONALLY ALIGN WITH CORRECT VERTICAL RACK
`
`THE PICKING MECHANISM IS ADVANCED SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTALLY
`TO RETRIEVE THE STORAGE CONTAINER FROM STORAGE TRAY
`
`THE PICKING MECHANISM IS VERTICALLY RAISED A NOMINAL HEIGHT AND
`
`RETRACTED HORIZONTALLY TO ENGAGE AND WITHDRAW THE
`
`701
`
`702
`
`703
`
`704
`
`705
`
`706
`
`707
`
`708
`
`TO 709
`
`FIG. 78
`
`FIG. 7A
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 12
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 12 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`FROM 708
`
`FIG. 7A
`
`700
`
`INTERCHANGE MECHANISM IS ROTATED TO ROTATIONALLY
`
`ALIGN WITH INTERIOR DOOR OF CHAMBER
`
`EXTERIOR DOOR AND INTERIOR DOOR ARE IN CLOSED POSITION WHILE
`AIR PURGING SYSTEM COOLS AND DEHUMIDIFIES AIR IN CHAMBER
`
`
`
`MATCHES THE ID THAT WAS ENTERED IN STEP M
`
`EXTERIOR DOOR OPENS, ALLOWING ACCESS TO THE
`STORAGE CONTAINER
`
`FIG. 78
`
`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 13
`
`709
`
`710
`
`711
`
`712
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`713
`
`/
`
`INTERIOR DOOR OPENS, THE TRANSPORT TRAY EXTENDS AS THE PICKING
`MECHANISM ADVANCES INTO CHAMBER TO DISENGAGE THE STORAGE
`
`CONTAINER IN THE CHAMBER, PICKING MECHANISM WITHDRAWS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`INTERIOR DOOR CLOSES, AND THE READER DEVICE READS THE
`BARCODE ID OF THE STORAGE CONTAINER TO CONFIRM THAT IT
`
`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 13
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet13 0f26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 14
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 15 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`Page 16
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 16
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`

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`Page 17
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 17
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 17 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`1280
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`LABORATORY
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`CONTROL
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 18
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
`Page 18
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 21
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`Sheet 21 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`1501
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Sheet 22 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`1501
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`Sheet 23 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`
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`FIG. 16A
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 24
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Sheet 24 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`
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`FIG. 168
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 25
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
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`Sheet 25 0f 26
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`
`
`FIG. 17A
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 26
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`US. Patent
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`Feb. 10, 2004
`
`Sheet 26 0f 26
`
`US 6,688,123 B2
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`
`
`FIG. 178
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`Page 27
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`Hamilton Ex. 1003
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`1
`AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
`APPARATUS FOR FREEZERS AND
`RELATED METHOD THEREOF
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`10/263,910, filed Oct. 3, 2002, issued Jun. 24, 2003, as U.S.
`Pat. No. 6,581,395, the entire disclosure of which is hereby
`incorporated by reference herein, which is a continuation of
`application Ser. No. 09/935,488, filed Aug. 23, 2001, issued
`Oct. 22, 2002, U.S. Pat. No. 6,467,285, the entire disclosure
`of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, which
`claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.
`60/227,166, filed on Aug. 23, 2000, entitled "Automated 15
`Storage and Retrieval Apparatus for Freezers and Related
`Method Thereof," and 60/299,597, filed on Jun. 20, 2001,
`entitled "Automated Storage and Retrieval Apparatus for
`Freezers and Related Method Thereof," the entire disclo(cid:173)
`sures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
`
`20
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to an automated storage and
`retrieval apparatus for ultra low temperature freezers, and
`more particularly an apparatus that improves the overall 25
`quality of the climate associated with storing items therein.
`
`BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
`
`2
`freezer door open causes the interior temperature of the
`freezer compartment to rise temporarily, which can cause
`thawing of samples housed near the door of the freezer.
`Once the freezer is closed and the temperature decreases, the
`5 samples refreeze. This repeated freezing and thawing can
`cause more rapid degradation of samples. Keeping the
`freezer door open also allows frost to build up in the freezer
`compartment. With repeated openings of the door, the frost
`eventually can freeze containers to the bottom of the freezer
`10 compartment or to each other. As a result, the door must be
`kept open longer in order to break containers out of the frost,
`which only exacerbates the problem.
`The increasing need for high quality bio-repositories in
`hospitals, research institutions, and pharmaceutical clinical
`research laboratories provides a market for automated ultra(cid:173)
`cold storage devices that will improve sample quality, orga(cid:173)
`nize storage, provide rapid access to all specimens, and
`maintain electronic records of all specimens stored within
`the container.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,102 to Vago, herein incorporated by
`reference, utilizes a storage apparatus particularly with auto(cid:173)
`matic insertion and retrieval. Drawbacks of the Vago
`approach, but not limited thereto, are that it fails to provide
`the climate control associated with the freezer and the
`various interchanging devices, and other features and
`aspects.
`There is therefore a need in the art for an automated cold
`storage apparatus, and related method thereof, that can
`30 provide, among other things a more organized storage and
`retrieval apparatus, less accumulation of moisture and frost
`within the cold storage compartment, less temperature fluc(cid:173)
`tuation from sample withdrawal, and rapid random access to
`all specimens.
`
`Advancements in biotechnology and medical science
`require the analysis of ever-increasing numbers of various
`biological samples. Many biological samples must be stored
`at below-freezing temperatures in order to preserve them for
`future reference, analysis, or use. For example, DNA, RNA,
`cells and protein samples, as well as the reagents necessary 35
`for conducting various analyses of these samples, must be
`stored at ultra-cold temperatures to prevent degradation that
`would interfere with reliable analyses of the biological
`products.
`Storage below -80° C. is generally required for successful
`preservation of biomolecules, cells, and tissue (morphology
`and viability) for extended periods of time. However, shelf
`life and the ability to recover living cells are dramatically
`improved at about -196° C. (-196° C. being the boiling
`point of liquid nitrogen). The National Institute of Standards
`and Technology has suggested that the term cryogenics be
`applied to all temperatures below -150° C. ( -238° F. or 123°
`above absolute zero on the Kelvin scale). Some scientists
`regard the normal boiling point of oxygen ( -183 o C. or
`-297° F.), as the upper limit. The term ultra low temperature
`is probably not officially recognized by any standards body.
`However, it is generally agreed that a freezer refers to a
`storage device that operates from about -5° C. to -20° C.,
`an ultra low operates from about -50° C. to about -90° C.,
`and a cryogenic freezer operates from about -140° C. to
`-196° c.
`There are many problems associated with placement and
`retrieval of samples from ordinary laboratory freezer com(cid:173)
`partments. For instance, in an ordinary freezer compartment,
`containers of samples must be stored in front of and on top 60
`of each other to maximize use of the available space. Even
`if the containers are of standard sizes, and therefore easily
`stackable and even if a positional inventory of the samples
`is kept, it is still necessary to shuffle the containers around
`manually in order to retrieve a desired container. This is 65
`problematic because it requires keeping the freezer door
`open for possibly extended periods of time. Keeping the
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention automated cold storage apparatus,
`and related method thereof, provides a sample process
`management system that is a revolutionary approach to the
`40 storage and retrieval of critical samples. The system-a
`significant technological breakthrough in laboratory
`automation-is the first ultra low temperature robotic sys(cid:173)
`tem capable of being validated. Samples in containers are
`stored and retrieved robotically through an airlock climate-
`45 control chamber (access means) that is automatically dehu(cid:173)
`midified by a dry gas purge, such as a carbon dioxide or
`nitrogen purge or the like. This purge rapidly reduces
`ambient humidity to a desirable relative humidity (RH), e.g.,
`less than about 15% RH, virtually eliminating the accumu-
`50 lation of frost. Microplates or storage containers, or the like,
`are systematically identified using barcode technology, for
`example. Once through the climate-controlled chamber, the
`containers (i.e., samples) are robotically transferred to the
`rotary mechanism. This mechanism transports the containers
`55 to a derived nest location upon the storage means, such as a
`carousel or one of the stationary addresses. For illustrative
`purposes only, the carousel and stationary nests may have a
`combined capacity of 1,000 standard microplates. It is
`contemplated that various capacities may be designed.
`The preferred embodiments of the present invention auto(cid:173)
`mated storage and retrieval apparatus, and related method
`thereof, operate at an ultra low temperature of about -50° C.
`to about -90° C. It should be understood that the apparatus
`may operate in a range of -50° C. up to ambient temperature
`or greater. The normal design operating temperature of the
`freezer compartment of the present invention is about -80°
`C. It should be noted that the present invention is contem-
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`5
`
`3
`plated to operate at conditions colder than ultra low tem(cid:173)
`peratures in the range of about -140° C. to about -90° C.
`Conveniently, if the freezer fails for whatever reason(cid:173)
`maintenance or scheduled outage-then liquid carbon diox(cid:173)
`ide can be pumped into the system and keep it at approxi-
`mately -78° C. The ultra low freezer set point
`(approximately 78° C.) of the apparatus can be backed up by
`installing a cylinder of liquid carbon dioxide.
`In one aspect, the present invention features an automated
`storage and retrieval apparatus for storing containers at ultra
`low temperatures or other preferred temperatures. The appa(cid:173)
`ratus comprising: a freezer compartment, the freezer com(cid:173)
`partment having a side wall; a storage carousel disposed
`inside the freezer compartment for holding the containers; a
`climate-controlled chamber disposed on the side wall; a
`climate system for controlling the climate of the chamber;
`and an interchange mechanism configured. The interchange
`mechanism is configured to:
`interchange a container
`between the interchange mechanism and the climate(cid:173)
`controlled chamber while in a chamber exchange position, 20
`and interchange a container between the interchange mecha(cid:173)
`nism and the carousel while in a carousel exchange position.
`The chamber also being configured to: isolate the container
`from the interchange mechanism as container is deposited
`from the exterior or placed into the exterior, and isolate the 25
`container from the exterior as container is exchanged
`between the chamber and the interchange mechanism.
`In some embodiments, the carousel can be replaced with
`a stationary storage rack, and additional storage racks may
`be added. The interchange mechanism is configured to 30
`interchange a container between the interchange mechanism
`and the rack(s) while in a rack exchange position(s).
`In a second aspect, the present invention provides an
`automated storage and retrieval apparatus for storing con(cid:173)
`tainers at ultra low temperatures or other preferred tempera- 35
`tures. The apparatus comprising: a freezer means for freez(cid:173)
`ing the containers; a storage means disposed inside the
`freezer means for holding the containers; a chamber means
`for interchanging the containers between the exterior and the
`freezer means; a climate system control means for control- 40
`ling the climate of the chamber means; and an interchange
`means. The interchange means for: interchanging a con(cid:173)
`tainer between the interchange means and the chamber
`means while in a chamber exchange position, and inter(cid:173)
`changing a container between the interchange means and the 45
`storage means while in a storage exchange position. The
`chamber means for: isolating the container from the inter(cid:173)
`change means as container is deposited from the exterior or
`placed into the exterior, and isolating the container from the
`exterior as container is exchanged between the chamber 50
`means and said interchange means.
`In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method
`for automatically depositing and storing containers, as well
`as a method for storing and retrieving containers in a freezer
`compartment of an automated apparatus. The apparatus 55
`comprising: a freezer means for freezing the containers; a
`storage means disposed inside the freezer means for holding
`the containers; a chamber means for interchanging the
`containers between the exterior and the freezer means; a
`climate system control means for controlling the climate of 60
`the chamber means; and an interchange means. The inter(cid:173)
`change means for: interchanging a container between the
`interchange means and the chamber means while in a
`chamber exchange position, and interchanging a container
`between the interchange means and the storage means while 65
`in a storage exchange position. The chamber means for:
`isolating the container from the interchange means as con-
`
`4
`tainer is deposited from the exterior or placed into the
`exterior, and isolating the container from the exterior as
`container is exchanged between the chamber means and said
`interchange means.
`An advantage of the present invention automated storage
`and retrieval apparatus for ultra low temperature freezers,
`and related method thereof, is that the apparatus can operate
`in a stand-alone mode or can be integrated into a completely
`automated laboratory. It is scalable to meet the needs of
`10 small laboratories as well as large institutions that will
`require long-term storage of large numbers of samples.
`Another advantage of the present invention is that the
`apparatus can be designed as a slide-in unit for existing
`ultra-cold freezers, which will keep the majority of the
`15 hardware in the door so as to be insulated from the freezer
`compartment, minimizing both the number of low(cid:173)
`temperature hardware components and the actual alteration
`to the freezer itself A reduced number of moving compo(cid:173)
`nents is continuously exposed to the design temperature of
`about -80° C., reducing the cost of production.
`Further advantages of the present invention are attributed
`to the improved sample quality, lowered operating costs, and
`reduced maintenance of the automated storage and retrieval
`apparatus.
`Finally, an advantage of the present invention is that it
`provides ultra-low temperature automation or lower and
`user-friendly information technology in a proven reliable
`manner.
`These and other objects, along with advantages and
`features of the invention disclosed herein, will be made more
`apparent from the description, drawings and claims that
`follow.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages
`of the present invention, as well as the invention itself, will
`be more fully understood from the following description of
`preferred embodiments, when read together with the accom(cid:173)
`panying drawings, in which:
`FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of the automated
`storage and retrieval apparatus.
`FIG. 2A shows a schematic perspective view of the
`automated storage and retrieval apparatus.
`FIG. 2B shows a perspective partial view of the door or
`wall of a compartment and/or housing.
`FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the
`climate controlled chamber with the exterior door in open
`and closed positions.
`FIGS. 4A and 4B show a schematic frontal view and plan
`view, respectively, of the related translation mechanisms of
`the climate controlled chamber.
`FIGS. 5A-5D show a schematic representation of select
`positions of the rotational alignment of the interchange
`mechanism.
`FIGS. 6A and 6B comprise a flow chart illustrating the
`operation for depositing and storing a storage container or
`the like in the automated storage and retrieval apparatus.
`FIGS. 7A and 7B comprise a flow chart illustrating the
`operation for retrieving the targeted or desired storage
`container or the like in the automated storage and retrieval
`apparatus.
`FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of the storage
`carousel of the automated storage and retrieval apparatus.
`FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of an individual vertical
`rack from the carousel of FIG. 8, comprised of a plurality of
`storage trays,
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`US 6,688,123 B2
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`5
`FIGS. lOA and lOB show a schematic perspective view of
`the storage trays and their related cooperation with the
`vertical supports of the carousel.
`FIGS. llA and llB are schematic perspective views of
`the interchange mechanism and related components.
`FIG. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of the general
`features of the control system of the automated storage and
`retrieval apparatus.
`FIG. 13 shows a schematic block diagram of an exem-
`plary computer system associated with an embodiment of
`the automated storage and retrieval apparatus.
`FIGS. 14A and 14B show schematic perspective views of
`an alternative embodiment of the automated storage and
`retrieval apparatus.
`FIGS. 15A-15D show schematic plan views of an alter(cid:173)
`native embodiment of the automated storage and retrieval
`apparatus providing expanded network system of cooperat(cid:173)
`ing freezer apparatuses.
`FIGS. 16A and 16B show schematic perspective front/ 20
`exterior views of the housing of the climate control chamber
`with related components in both the closed and open
`position, respectively.
`FIGS. 17 A and 17B show schematic perspective back/
`interior views of the housing of the climate control chamber 25
`with related components in both the closed and open
`position, respectively.
`
`10
`
`6
`tion between the exterior environment (or adjacent area)and
`chamber 60. The chamber 60 has a climate control system 66
`that provides an air purging capability to cool and dehu(cid:173)
`midify the air in the chamber 60 before interior door 61 is
`5 opened. A scanning reader device 65, preferably a barcode
`reader, is situated in the chamber 60 to identify storage
`containers as they are inserted into and retrieved from
`chamber 60. Information relative to the storage containers is
`transmitted from reader device 65 to central and/or remote
`processor.
`Still referring to FIGS. 3 and 4A-4B, the storage con(cid:173)
`tainers 3 are carried by a transport tray 63 that is slidably
`mounted on two channels 67, 68. The transport tray 63 can
`transport the container 3 to the exterior as the exterior door
`15 62 is open, as indicated by the dashed lines. Alternatively,
`the transport tray 63 can transport the container 3 to the
`interior of the freezer compartment 10 as the interior door 61
`is open, as indicated by the dotted lines. In one embodiment,
`the interior door 61 may slide open and close on a track (not
`shown). A climate control system 66 is in communication
`with the chamber 60 that dehumidifies and cools the cham(cid:173)
`ber 60 while the container is isolated therein, i.e., both
`exterior and interior doors are closed. The climate control
`system 66 includes a dry gas or dry air purge (i.e., nitrogen,
`carbon dioxide, or the like), that rapidly reduces ambient
`humidity to any desired level, e.g., less than about 25%
`relative humidity (RH) and as low as about 1% RH. In fact,
`any compressed gas from which moisture has been removed
`will reduce the humidity in the airlock, and will cool the
`30 airlock by adiabatic expansion to about -10° C. to about 0°
`C., or as desired.
`A preferred embodiments of the present invention auto(cid:173)
`mated storage and retrieval apparatus, and related method
`thereof, operate at an ultra low temperature from about -50°
`35 C. to about -90° C. It should be understood that the
`apparatus may operate in a range of -50° C. up to ambient
`temperature or greater. The normal design operating tem(cid:173)
`perature of the freezer compartment of the present invention
`is about -80° C. It should be noted that the present invention
`is contemplated to operate at conditions colder than ultra
`low temperatures in the range of about -140° C. to about
`-90° C. Conveniently, if the freezer fails for whatever
`reason-maintenance or scheduled outage-then liquid car(cid:173)
`bon dioxide can be pumped into the system and keep it at
`approximately -78° C. Thus, the ultra low freezer-set point
`of the apparatus can be backed up by installing a cylinder of
`liquid carbon dioxide.
`One skilled in the art would appreciate that various types
`and substitutes for interior and exterior chamber doors can
`50 be used. Moreover, a single door can be utilized which can
`rotate between interior and exterior sides.
`Additional details pertaining to the climate controlled
`chamber 60 will be provided, as best shown in the perspec(cid:173)
`tive views of FIGS. 16A-16B and FIGS. 17A-17B. The
`55 front/exterior view and the back/interior view of climate
`controlled chamber 60 are shown in FIGS. 16A-16B and
`FIGS. 17 A-17B, respectively. Referring to front/exterior
`view of FIG. 16A, the chamber 60 includes a chamber
`housing 91 having its exterior door 62 in a closed position
`with a deep well micro-plate 92 placed thereon the transport
`tray 63. It should be appreciated that a shallow well micro(cid:173)
`plate may be used, as well as any other size, type, or nu