`
`( CKM UHMBEPCMTET)
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`This material may be protected by Copyright law (Title 17 U.S. Code)
`
`Ha npalaax PYKOIIHCPI
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`01.04.08 — qmamca n mmm rmaamu
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`Ha conczcamae yqenon cmenem
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`5/’
`
`JIOLIGHT QBTKCOB MPOPI: KOHCTEHTHHOBHQ
`
`Mocmaa — 1994 I‘.
`
`INTEL 1107
`
`INTEL 1107
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`COHEPEAHME
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`
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`none H nx ncnonmaoaanne nan renepaunn nnownofi
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`nmaauu n nnrencnsnnx nomoxon qacwnu . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
`
`I.I
`
`Bxcuepnmenranbnue nccnenpnaaa raaonoro paapana
`
`HHBKOPO nanaenna B MBPHHTHOM none H mm npnuenenne
`
`B conpemenaon rexnnxe. . . . . ... . . . . . .......... . . . . ..
`
`I.2
`
`Meronn nonwuennn paapanon HEBKOPO naaaeHnsVOoammofi
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`Momnocrn c onnoponnon cwpyxwypon nmaaMu...........
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`Bunonn . . . . . . . . . . .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . ..
`
`Pnaaa 2.
`
`Meronnna n TBXHHKB axcnepnmenwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
`
`2.1
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`Bxcnepnmenmanbaaa ycranoaxa Ana nnnwqenna Momma:
`KBBBHCTEHHOHBPBHX mopm rasoaord paspana B cKpemeH-
`
`aux enexrpnqecnou n MSPHHTHOM nonax. . . . . ..........
`
`2.2
`
`Munwnmcnaa aonnpnaa Meronnna onpenenenna uapaMeT-
`
`POE maamlt I I O 0 O O I I O III I I 0 I I I I I I U I I u I 0 IOOIIIIIOOI
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`2.3 IIBYXMOJIOBEH JI8BBpH8fi MBTOJIHKB onpeneneanfi HJIOTHOC-
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`'l'KIU!83MH. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
`
`2.4 Munynhcnqe CMSIIIBHHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`Pnaaa.3.
`
`Oonacrn cymecmnonanna n xapaurepncrnxn unsan-
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`craunonapnux cnmbnoroqnux pexnuon paapana HHSKOPO
`
`nannenna B MBPHHTHOM ncne paannqnon non@nrypaunn..
`
`3.1
`
`Pexnmu xaaancraunonapnoro paapana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
`
`3.2
`
`flpnueaene nynhcnot
`
`apnnoaofi Meronnxn Ana
`
`OIIPBJIGJIGHKH HBPBMBTPOB IUIBBMH H HOHHHI HOTOKOB. . . .
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`25
`
`32
`
`34
`
`34
`
`45
`
`54
`
`57
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`59
`
`59
`
`74
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`3 .3 0IIpe.zzeJ1e1me
`
`napaMe'rpoB rmaamu paspsma MBTOJIOM
`
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`3.4 Oooyauxelme peayamraroa............................
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`82.
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`naBJIe IIIIOIIOIOIICIIIIIIIIOIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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`I00
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`4 . I Ocooennocm nawomoro pacrnmex-ma B 1cBaanc'ra1moHap—
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`4.2 Bwrccnor-nme cBonc'rBa Imaamu CKJEbHO'1'O‘IBOI'O Jmttxm/3-
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`HO-CTMMYJMPOBBHHOPO TPBBJIBHHH MBTBPKBJXOB. . .-..-- ..... .
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`I03
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`III
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`I/In-rencmaaoe nccnenonanne paapsuzoa HKSKOPO ,naB.neHna B uoIIepeq—
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`I-ION Marnnmou none cnsaano c m: mnpomm ncnomaonaunem B M8I‘HeTpOH-
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`HH1 yc'1-pone’:-Bax Texnonormecnoro Haanaqenna, ycxopmemx rmaauu c
`
`sammywum Jxpemaou anexcrponoa, B Kaqecwae rmaamennwt BMIITTGPOB mm
`
`a.neIc'rpommx n nommx nnxemopoa.
`
`Anama JMTBPBTYPHIH. mmmx nozcaannaer, we cnoncwna paspsma 13
`nonepemou Marnnmom none 0 aammywma npempon snewrpénos B ocmacm
`
`uepexona or Mamerpoimoro paapsuza c pacwymen Bo.m:.'r—aM1IepHofi xaparc—
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`Tepncrmcon K nyronouy paapsuxy upammecm He nayqemi. OTOYTCTBYDT
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`ooocnoaamme axcnepmaemanbnne H Teopemqecme namme, uoaaonamme
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`orrpe.ne.:m'rb~
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`rrpe,zxe.nLnHe
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`pemmu Marnerpounoro
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`paapsuza
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`MOIIIHHX KMIUJIBCHHX PEBPHJIOB, KCIIOJIBBYSMHX ,I(JIfi
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`IIBJII: padom:
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`Mccnenonanne BOJILT-BMIIBPHHX xapemepncwmc n oO.nac-ren cymec'rBo-
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`B83115! CKJIBHOTCNEHI. (I)OpM Icaaancrauuonapnoro paapsuza Imazcoro nannenna
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`B MEPBMTHLIX nosmx paamqnofi Icomlnrypamm.
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`paapsma.
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`Mccnenoaanne BOBMOIHOCTK ncnonbaonanna mxaam cmmnowoqnoro
`
`paapsma mm renepauxm nnomnx Imasuemnn oopasoeamm n nmencnzamm
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`
`
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`Bonanna u pexnmu cnnbnowoqnax mopm Hsaancwaunonapnoro paapfina HB-
`
`KOTO nannenna B MBPHHTHHX nonax paannqnon Komnrypaunn.
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`V Oonapymena Hoaaa craonnbnaa Qopma Kaaancwaunonapuoro paapana B
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`uonepeqnom MBPHMTHOM none, aanammaaca npomemywoqnofi cwannefi nape-
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`xona or MarHeTpoHHoro paepana B nyronofi
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`mnm) K nmemmaa cnenymmne ocHoBHHe xapaxwepncrnxn: Hanpsxenne rope-
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`pexum), ownnqammenca BHCOKHM Hanpamennem ropenna (no I200 B) B co-
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`
`HOCTL cymecTBoBaHna swofi mopmu paapana MOEBT HPBBHMBTB 20 MO.
`
`Hoxasana Bosmoxaocrb nonyqenna nmaamennux oopasosannn nmoTHo—
`CTBD no 1.5 I015 cM“3 B oO$eMe no I000 OM3, ooecneqnaammnx amccum
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`nonnoro nyqxa nmornocmbm caume I0 A/cue c aneprnen no I00 9B.
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`Honaaana Boamoxnocwb nmwencnnnoro Kawonnoro pacnnnenna n cos-
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`nanna nowoxon uacrnu pacnnnennoro Mawepnana c Bucoxon nnownocwbn.
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`Honyqeunue peaynbrawu ncnonbaonanuz
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`— B Honofi nnaamennon Texnonornn HOHHO—CTHMyflHpOBaHHOPO TpaBne—
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`HMH H coanannn nmaamoxnmmuecxoro peaxwopa nna ycxopennoro Tpanneuna
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`cnoea (HO Cyomxpon)
`
`— B Texnonornn nmnynbcnoro pacnHneHua Marepnanoa (HO 3Hepro—
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`Mam P. Camapa)
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`— Ilpn Hanecemm deanetpewrmm nonpumn Ha Herepuocwomme cumi-
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`mmmmonane gamma nomxanpymmx nanyqeum n ocooo TOHICKB rmemm
`
`(coamecmo mm 1: Man ".I[mIrbepeH'r" r. Mnncxc).
`
`Ha aamrry BHHOCfi'1'Cfi anenymme nonoxemm:
`
`I. Peaynyram a1ccnepnMeH'ra.nLm=Ix nccnenonamm cmmnowotmux thopu
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`6. aanncmocm BOJIb'1'-BMHBPHHI xapamepncwmc
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`or nasnenna, Benmmnu m-Lzmcmm M8I'HH'1'HOI'O nous, pone Ijaaa, Ma'repna-
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`2.. Meron nmuynhcaofi somzonofi zmamocwmm 1I.no'rI-Ion Imaauu.
`
`3.
`
`Pe3y.nL'ra'rH nccnenoaamm napauerpoa Imaem cmmnoroqnoro
`
`Icaaancwazmonapaoro mrmxyanoro pemma paapsma B c.naOo Heozmopozmom
`
`MBPHKTHOM IIOJIB .
`
`Ocnomme pe3y.m:'ra'm ornvmmzcoaann B paoorax [94+IO4] .
`
`
`
`-7-
`
`PJIABA I . CWEHOTOVEIHE PABPHILH HMBKOPO , B MAI'H]/WHOM
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`namxenna B M8I'I-IPITHOM none H ero npmenerme B conpememmfi Texamce.
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`Gymecrnyronme BYIJIH ycwpoficwn Ha ocnoxae paspsuxa B cxcpememmx
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`ExH nomzx.
`
`Mccnenonarme xapam-epncrmc paapana B cxcpememmx :->.ne1c'rp1mec-
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`ROM 12: Mammmom nomzx Irpmaeazo re cosmanmo MHOIKGCTBE rasopaspammx
`
`ycwponcma,
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`naxommmx muporcoe npmenerme B paamumx oonacmx
`
`Hayxn n Texnmcn. owmqamnxca K01-Ictmrwpaunefi E n B ncmen, Bemé
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`‘IMHOH paapam-Ioro TOK8, Hanpsmerma.
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`[L21 9: xmoczme
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`[3,4] M8I'HeTpOI-IH, aqemca Hemmra [5], Icomommponamme yc'rpono'rBa
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`c MBPHBTPOHOM n no.nHM xca'ro,noM [6+8} ,
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`1:ma3MeHHHe ycxopwream c
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`[9+II1. B mtrrepawype nocnenoaanu
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`cBonc'rBa paapsuzola npawrmlecml ma Bcex Bosmom-mx KOH£IMI'ypaLIlm
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`xcnymm Jzpembom anewrponoa 11'pOBO,l!,'P!JIPICb c uemalo Buacuenna Boauox
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`nocm nonyqemm IIO'1‘0I£8 rmaamu, ycrcopeunoro cxpememamm 9.ne1<'rpn-
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`peawropax
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`[12,13] . Paspsum B nonepeqnom Mammmou none Hanum umpozcoe
`
`rrpmeuerme mm cosnarma Imaamemmx ammepoa n masmermnx HISTO-
`
`noa. B 1caqec'rBe rmasuemmx :->Mm"repoB B Texnmce nonyqelma MOIIIHHI
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`nyrncox-3 oommo ncnoubayewca nyrolaon paspsm,
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`
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`IIBFBXOIIOM H3 TJIGIIIIBPO, OJIEIBKO Irpn ROM JXBBJIBHKK, HBOOXOJIEKOM
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`nepeaomrrca B nyronon [14,15]. Ilpempnmmamca nonnmn Henocpe,z:—
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`cmennoro ncnoamsonanna Icowrparzponannoro paapana B crcpememmx
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`ExH nomx B Kaqeclfie amwrepa enezcwponon.
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`[I6] . Mcnomaaonanne
`
`rnnaauem-mx xa-ronoa H3 ocnone Hercoxrrparnponannoro pa.-apsma B Mar’-
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`rmmou none nan B lmoczcon T811’. 11 B 1mJmH.n;pn<:ec1cot reouewpnn mm
`
`couamm nomocrm ynpannaemux Icomympymnx annapawon noalaommo
`
`COBJIETI: BeH'rmm cnocoonne Komaympoaarbmlm came I50 gm :1 H811-
`
`paxemm caume I00 KB, upxmem ocymecmnrb aannpamaemnpnoopa aa
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`Bpeuena Menee 50 HO [17,18] .
`
`I-Ie,uoc'ra'n<oM 1cpocca'rp@i*=’aB‘.IuIe'rca
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`TOJIBKO OOJIBIIIOS =a300 B nanenne Harrpaxenna Ha paapsme,‘ oc$ecrretm- ~'
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`V’ ”
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`Banneu quymcunounpoaanne Imaauennoro Karena.
`
`llnaamy paapsma
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`nonepeqmm Marnnmrm nonem aqxbewrnano ncnonbaym ma noJxy<1enna
`
`nmencnnmm nomux nyuxon, Hanpmaep nymcon orpmareamnux nonoa
`
`Bonopona [I91
`
`Bamenmma npawmqeczcm upmxoxezmeu paapsmon B Mamwmom
`
`no.ne anaxaerca coananne Mamerponnnx one-reu pacnrmenna ma-reputa-
`
`JIOB, KOTOPHB ncnonsaymca NIH HEHGCGHEH TOHKOHJleHO‘IHHX IIOKPHTEK
`
`[20-1-2'7] .
`
`CBoitc'rBa paapsuxon B nonepeqnou M81"HE'1'HOM none.
`
`Gonnacno [28] B 0'1-cy'rc'rBm Marmmoro nous B aanncmocm or
`
`nanneana n BGJIBIHHH paapsumoro -1-one Boauoum qempe ycronqmaux
`
`mum paapana c xo.no.umm xca-1-ogxou: Teramm, nopuanbmm memnm,
`
`anomanbmm Manual 11 nyronon.
`
`ltnanaaon TOKOB mm Kaxmoro Bmxa
`
`
`
`Hanpmaep zum paapsma B Ne Mexmy IIJIOCICOIIBPEJIJIBJIBHHMH snemponamz
`npn nannemm =1
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`
`(popuau OTHOCSITOH
`
`anouanbmm memm! paapsm,
`
`aammanmm BOD‘
`
`uonepmocrb Karona H xapamepnaymmflca pacrymen Bo.nL'r—aMnepHofi
`
`xapaxrepncnmon (BAX) H nyroaon, npencrammnuun cocoa 1coH'rpam-
`
`poaaxmm paapsm T c
`
`nananuen Bo.nL'r—aMnepHofi
`
`xapazc-repncmncofi.
`
`Ocnolanofi Mexannsra nozmepxanns memero paapana a13.nae'rca nonma-
`
`Lma anempouama ynapou B 1ca'ro.n;HoM c.noe H s.ne1c'1'poHHaa amnccna c
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`KBTOJI8, BHBHBBBMBH BTOPWHIOH HOE-BJIBKTPOHHOH BMHCCHBH H ®'1'OBQ-
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`
`IIBHIKGHHB aapsuzon B I{B'1‘O,lIHOM CJIOB TJIBIIIIBPO PBBPHJIB IIpOH.O-
`
`xo_zm'r B pexme nomammocm,
`
`rrpmzeu CKOPOCTI: mamcerma nonoa
`
`anaqnwenbno Memame cxopocm anexmpoaos, Onaronapa qemy B oonacm
`
`KBTOJIHOPO npocwpancwna Bosmncaew naowrormun no.nom-renbnun aapsm,
`
`Igoropnm ncxaacaew snewrprmecxoe none. B Ka-romofi ocmacm uanaer
`
`Oonbmaa ‘IBCTI: Haxrpaxemm paspana, Tamm oopaaom HOpM8JIbHI£l n
`
`anomanbmm Tnennnn paapsm assmmca paapimamn c rxo.nom'renLmm
`
`odsermma aapsmou.
`
`Hpn Hanmnm nonepeqnoro Marmrmoro nous, cxopocrb nannezma
`
`anewrpoaoa K anony yuenbmaewca.
`
`trro upnnonm: K ymenbmemm Karon-
`
`HOPO nanenna n ynemmennn o'rpmJ.a're.m=Horo npocmpancmennoro sepa-
`
`na BCSJIEBH anona,
`
`'r.e. oopaaonamm Brrpaxennoro anonnoro cnoa.
`
`Penman paspsma c andmrum OJIOBM mm c o'rpnna're.nbHHM oobemmm
`aapsmou peamaymca B ocnonnou npn I-MBKKX ,zzaB.neHnax
`(psID'3
`
`Top) . Hanoonee nomme nccnenoaanne cnoncna paapsma c anommu
`
`cnoem B Imamzmpmecxou Marnewpone nponeneno B paoowax [29-z-32.] .
`
`Hpn Oonee Bucoxnx nannennax it He CJMEKOM cmuamzx MBPHETEHX nonax
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`
`2
`1
`
`3°00
`
`1500
`
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`
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`
`10‘5
`10‘3
`10‘1
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`300
`600 UIVJ
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`
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`
`[28].
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`100
`
`150
`
`50
`
`100
`
`150
`
`Pnc.I.4 Baancnmocrn sueurpoanofi Konuenwpaunn (a) H nounon nm0T—
`
`HOCTH (0) OT TOKE paspana (nmanapnufi M8PHeTpOH)
`
`[45]
`
`
`
`-11-
`
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`
`peqnom Mamm-mom no.ne
`
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`
`comacuo [33,34] mm motion Maruerpormon cnc'reMH C
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`[35]
`
`rrpmaelzemi
`
`axcnepnmenranbrme aanucmocm TOK8 0'1’
`
`I-IBIIPHIKGHKH paapsma, xapa1c—
`
`Tepune,
`
`no MHeHmo
`
`8BTOpOB, mm Jnooon Mamerponnofi
`
`cnc'reMH
`
`(pnc. 1.2). Bvuxao,
`
`rrro C poc'roM Hanpmxemaocm MEI’!-MTHOPO 110.113,
`
`rrpn qmccrrpoaannom TOKB, Hanpsuxerme roperma ymemamaewca. AB'1'OpH
`
`,z1e.na1o'r BHBO,I[ o rrpnmemmocm MOJIBJM anozmoro (mos mm ormcamag
`
`axcnepmeawaaxmmx xapawrepncwmc npn CpaBI-IPITEJIBHO BHOOKOM ;1;aB.ne—
`nm (1.5 I0'I<p<8 Io‘I Top).
`
`Ormonerma or yxaaarmofi
`
`rcapwmm saancmocren Harrpsxerma
`
`paapsma o'r TOK8 HaOJI10,118mrICb npn paOo'1'e c HQOXJIEIIQIBBMHMPI 1ca'ro,zzaMn
`
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`rune Monowommfi poc'r
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`Mccnenoaarma aaancmocrren TOKE paapsma om Benmmm Hamps-
`
`IKBI-IHOCTPI Marrmmoro IIOJIH owpaacenu B pacsowax [3'7+40]. Hoxaaano,
`
`qro TOR paapsma moo Boapacwaem c poc'roM Hanpmxermocm ~Mar1m'r-
`
`HOI"O HOJIB, HBHPHMBP B PBBPHJIBX B HqBCKOM MBPHGTPOHG PI
`
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`
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`MOJIQJH: KBTOJII-IOPO 0.7103 Tnexomero paspsuza B nonepeqnom M8I'I-mT-
`
`HOM none npe,z:c'raB.neHa B [41]. Horcasano,
`
`rrro Blcmoqexme MBPHPITHOPO
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`paoowe [42] . Honyqerm omiomeprme pemerma, oxmcunamme napaMe'rpH
`
`rmaamu Ha paamumx yqacmax paapamzoro
`
`upomeacymaz
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`B nnocxnx MBPHBTPOHHHX cncremax [43,44] Guam nocwnrnyru HflOTHOC-
`Tn KOHOB nizIO1O+3.5 I012 OM-3 H anenmponuue Teunepawypu 20+5 33
`npu nzonennsx paooqero raaa 5 I0"3+2.5 Top OOOTBGTCTBGHHO. Cxema
`
`9KCHepHMeHTa
`
`[43] npencwasnena Ha pnc. I.3. Bennqnua Marnnruoro
`
`nuns y nosepxnocrn MBPHHTE nocwnrana I600 To. B KaqecTBe pa0oqe—
`
`ro raaa uononbaoaanca apron npn naanennu 2.5 IO” +2.2 Top. 3neK—
`
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`
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`
`TORY Ha aonn oueuena H CKOPOCTB xpemma sneurponoa B Hanpaaneunn
`
`EXH. MoHHaa Temnepawypa namepanacb c nomombm snexwpocrawnqecmoro
`
`afiannaaropa. Maxcnmambnaa anexwponnaa Temepawypa Haonmnanacb B
`
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`
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`
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`TO BCTB Ve=I.5 I08 cm/c, qwo COOTBeTCTCByeT snexwponnofi TeMnepa—
`
`Type 2633. Mamepenna nonnon Temeparypu nomaaann, qro Ti2O.6+I.2
`
`as, T.e.
`
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`
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`
`11 nonnofi Temnepawyp cocraeuno
`
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`
`B ananornqnon CHCTGMB npencTaBneHHofi B paoome
`
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`
`aamnrancn npn cnenywmfix ycnonnaxz nasneane p=5 IO’3+3 IO'2 Top,
`
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`
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`TO ecwb noBHmeHne naanenna Hapany c pocrom Konuenwpauxn HOHOB
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`
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`TeMnepaTypH or TOKE paapana B nmocxom M8PHeTpOHe
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`
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`
`npoaan Bnonb oon cnmmewpnn enexmponnon cncwemu.
`
`Bamnum napamerpom paspsna, Bnnammnm Ha ero Boner-amnepnym
`
`xapaxrepncmnxy, aanaewca Tonmnna Kawonnoro anon. Ho MHBHHD aero-
`
`poa [46] aasncnmocrb arofi Bennqnnu or napamerpoa paapana Momew
`
`OHTB npencraanefia B Bane
`
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`
`1/10 1/5
`
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`
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`
`[47] nenaeTcH nonuwxa Ha ocHoBe pemenna ypaaneuna flyaccona nun
`
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`HOB B MBPHMTHOM none paccqnTaTL Kawoxnoe nanenne UK B 3aBnonMoo-
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`
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`
`eueprewnqecnoro cnenwpa HOHOB noxasanm,
`
`qwo KaTonHoe nanenne
`
`cocrasnaew 75+9O % or nonnoro paapaznoro Hanpamenna.
`
`Ooaop HOHHHX HCTOQHHKOB Ha ocHoBe MaPHeTpOHHHX cncrem [48]
`
`HOJITBBPKILBQT TPIIIPIQI-Iiie IIEPBMGTPH p83p$'-L118 JIJIH MEPHBTPOHOB, PBCOTE-A
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`
`
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`
`mm B crraunonapnom pezxme, Hanpmep ma mzocxnx MBPHBTPOHOB
`
`maarraaoa 1zaB.neHm coc'raB.nHe'r IO'4+5 IO"? TOp, Up=3OO B, Ip=O.I A
`Pan paocrr nocaamen paczcmowpenmo paapsuzoa
`13
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`
`yc'rponcTBax. Hanpmep paspam-roe yc'rponc'rBo pnc: I.5 [49,50,5I]
`
`npe)1c'raB.nHe'r coco?! cncwemy 143 mayx mxocrcnx Konbuenux 3JIeKTpOJ.IOB,
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`Meamy KOTOpHMId co3,nae'rcH omaopomaoe anercmpnqecxoe none. MEI‘!-MT-
`
`Hoe none nMee'I' 1coHc:m"ypau,mo TmIa "AH'mnpo01co'rpoH" PI connacoaano
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`c reomerpnefi snewrponoa Tax, q'roc$H B paspsumom rrpomeauyme pam-
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`MBJIBHOQ anaqerme BZ Ha ocn CPICTEMH rrpn z=O.I M co_c:'rén3.n5re'r"—_~—.IC}0O
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`snaqerme BI, B rmocxocrn cmMe'rpIm;cnc'1:eMH
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`coc'raB.ns1e'r 2350 P0. Maxcmanbnoe paooqee Harrpmxerme coc'raB.na.n_o
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`
`B ormcarmom paspamiom yc'rponc'rBe B aaancmocm or naanerma
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`paooqero rasa ouaro oomapyxeno Tpn Ema paapsma: I. npn BHCOICHX
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`JIBBJIGI-DIHX (npaaaa BeTBb Kpmaon Hamena) — cn.nLHo'ro<mHn paspsm c
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`Hanpsmcermem roperma c.nacSo aasucamem or cmm TOKEI; 2.
`
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`Hnax cooTBe'rc'rBy1oumx oO.nac'.m Mmmmyma Kpmaon Hameua, uonepetmoe
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`
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`
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`
`pacnpenenerme IIOTBI-IIJYIBJIB 11.113 CPIJIBI-IOTO‘IHOI'O PBJIMMB paapima.
`
`EXHI-
`
`
`
`_ 15 _
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`
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`
`10
`
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`
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`
`B oonacrn Oonbmnx
`
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`
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`
`pemumoa paspsna BonLT—aMnepHHe
`
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`(BAX)
`
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`
`npuaaznemnr nnanaaony naBneHnn 2 IO'1<P<2 Top. OCOOBHHDCTLE BTOH
`
`) HBHHBTCH TO, qwo KpyTn3Ha BAX dU/dI H Han-
`rpyunu KPMBHX Up(I
`paxenne
`ropenna paapana yuenbmaewca
`c yeennqenneu nonepeqnofl
`
`P
`
`cocwaanammen nmnyxunn MBPHHTHOPO nona. Bnnanne MarHnTHoro mama
`
`Ha xapaxwepncwnxn B amom cnyqae Taxoe me
`
`, EEK ouno oonapymeno B
`
`cncwemax 0 HOHHM Kawonom B MarHnTHoM none £52]. OTMeqeHo Taxme,
`
`.qTo c POCTOM Br Kpnwnqecxun TOK npu KOTOpOM paapan nepexonnw B
`
`nyry Bo3pacTaeT K, Hanpnmep, E a3oTe npu Br;I4O Po nyra He B03-
`
`HHKBGT BO BCBM nnanaaone nsmepaemnx TOKOB. B Tauom paspane pas-
`
`Bnsamwca Hnsxoqacwornue Koneoanns, xoropue B HeKoTopnx cnyqaax
`
`craonnnsnpywrca MBPHMTHHM nonem.
`
`Hpumepom cwaunonapnux KoM6nHnpoBaHHHx
`
`cncrem,
`
`aanamwca
`
`ycTpoficTBa [53], coqewammne paspan B nonepeqnom MarHnTHoM none 0
`
`paxpanom B nonom Karone. Bonbman nmowaocwb TOK8 nocTnraeTca npn
`
`naanennax paooqero raaa coowaercaymmmx 9¢@eKTy nnnoro Karena.
`
`BOBMOIKHOCTI: nonyqexma CIUIbHOTO’~IHH.X QOPM CTBUJIOHBPHOPO PEBPHJIB I
`
`
`
`_ 18 _
`
`npn yonoBnu coxpanenna nocwaroqno BHCOKOPO Hanpnxenufi
`
`ropenna
`
`(=800+7OO B) dune nccnenoBaHa B yCTpOflCTBe
`
`c npo¢MnnpoBaHHHMu
`
`HOMHM Bnemwponamm, n0MemeHHHMM B MaPHnTHoe none 0 Konmmrypauuen
`
`THEE
`
`"Anwunpooxowpon". Hpommnb
`
`3HeKTpOflOB coBnaAan c
`
`cnnosofi
`
`nmnnefi MarHnTHoro noun, qTo oOecneqMBano Baanmnym HepneHxnKynHp—
`
`HOCTB anexrpnqecxoro H MBPHHTHOPO none Bonnsn nx noBepxHocTen.
`
`Ycn0Bne nepnennnnyxapnocrn nonefi Boflnsn Been HDBSPXHOOTH KBTOAB
`
`npnBonnT K oonerqeunm npodos H yBennqeHnm TOK8 paspana. Paooqnm
`
`ra3oM flBflfiflGfi apron. Hpn naBneHMHx =O.I+ITop Ounn nonyqenn CMflb—
`
`HOTOQHHB
`
`cTaunoHapHHe
`
`pemnmu paapana,
`
`xapamwepnownnn KOTOPHX
`
`ananornunn nonyqennum B yCTpOfiCTBe
`
`c AMBKOBHM anexwponam,
`
`npnqem npn Toxax. npeBHmammnx IA, paapan Oonee ycTofiqnB, qem B
`
`ycTpoficTBe 0 nnocxnmm euexwponam. Hpn nccnenoBaHnn BaBncnMocruB
`
`TOK8 paspana OT naBneHnH ouno oonapymeao cymecTBoBaHne eme onHo-
`
`ro cnnBHoToqHoro pemnma npn HKBKHX naBneHMax. C ymenbmennem naB—
`
`nenna no IO'3 Top B Ar Haoxmnanocb anomanbnoe Bospacmanne TOKE
`
`paspana oes nepexona B nyroBon pemnm. Paapan npu STOM ROHueHTpH-
`
`poBanca B uefiwpe cncTeM H TOR paapana nocwnran 2 A.
`
`Heodxonnmocrb noBHmeHna Momnocmn paapana H noBumeHna nnoT—
`
`HOCTK nnaamu noTpeooBano npnmenenna nmnynbcnoro nan KBa3ncTauno—
`
`HBPHOPO pemnma. Bxcnepnmenwu, npoBeneHHue Ana Marnewponnux onc-
`
`Tem paannqnofi reomewpun, noxaaann, QTO cymecTBymT pemnmu pasps—
`
`noa, He nepexonamne B nyry npm Buaqnwenbnux Benqnnax TOKOB. B
`
`cBepxnnoTHoM Tnemmem paapane,
`
`nonyqennom B
`
`ycTpofioTBe Tuna
`
`"odpamennun Marnewpou" Koaxcnanbnon
`
`unxnnnpnqecxon Peomewpun
`
`nocwnrnyw paspsnnnn TOR I 270 A Hpn U 2400 B,
`P
`P
`
`nnnTenBHooTBm
`
`nmnynboa THM=6O Mc. HJOTHOCTB nnasmn npn BTOM COCTaBflHeT
`12121012’ cM‘3 [541 .
`
`
`
`-19-
`
`HOHHTKQ nonyqenna onnoponnon nnasmu c nnoTHocTbm =IOI3+IOI4
`
`CM-3 c OTPHBOM anexwpoanon M nofinofi Temnepawyp c nomombm nMuynu>
`HOPO cnnbnowoqnoro paapana Tnna Hennfiaacxoro [55,56] nouaaana
`
`BOEMOEHOCTB ooananna B TBKOM paapaxe nnaamennoro cwonoa c unem-
`HOCTBK) ni=5 I014‘ CM—3.
`BKCHBPKMBHTH npoaonnnncb Ha YCTBHOBKE
`
`"MHAP", npencwaanammym cooon nae ynanennux Ha paccwoanne 2.4 M
`
`Karena, pacnonomennnx B npodxax MEPHKTHOPO nona npooxomzpona. B
`
`uenwpe cncrem pacnoaomen xonbueaon anon. Paooqnm raaom asnaemca
`
`Bonopon npn naanefinn I0‘1+IO'4 TOP, Haqanbnoe Hanpamenne 60 KB
`
`[55] H 20 KB [56], Hanpzmennocrb MBPHHTHOPO Hons 25 KPC H I2 KPC
`
`COOTBBTCTBBHHO. Ton paapana nmen Honecawenbnnn xapaxrep 0 aMnn—
`
`Tynamn 60 M 20 RA M BpeMeHeM nonmoro aawyxauna 80 u 70 MMC.
`
`ycnoana paspana ooecneqnnann nonnaaunonnym nmmny npoéera 3fleKrT
`
`TPOHE
`
`snaqnrenbno Mennmym,
`
`qem nnnna paspannoro npomemywxa.
`
`nnarHocTnRa OCYmeCTBflflfl80b naaepnum Meronamm, c nouombm naonnux
`
`aonnoa K no noroxy HeflTp8flOB. B pesynbwame nonyqena Maxcnmanbaas
`nonnaa HJOTHOCTB no n£=7 I015 cM"3, onnaxo snexmpounaa TeMnepa—
`
`Type B STOM cnyqae He npeaumana 1.3 9B.
`
`Yaennqenne paapannoro TOKE
`
`EHBHBEBT nepexon anomanbnoro
`
`Tnemmero paapana B nyroaon, onnano Hannqne Heonuopoznoro smear-
`
`pnqecxoro noun, co3naBaeMoro nonum Karonou, Tax me KER u Hannqne
`
`nonepeqnoro MEPHHTHOFO noun, noanonaer nonyqnwb
`
`cunbaowoqnym
`
`Oesnyroaym qnpmy,
`
`TBK Haauaaeuun OBepXHflOTHHfl paapsn [57+60].
`
`Caepxnnornun paapan nccnenonanca npn naanennm 5 I0’ +1 TOP B
`
`nunynbcnom pexnme npn TOKEX no 2 EA n nmnwenbnocwn nynbca 50
`
`MC. Yxasannnn paspan xapamrepnayewca anaqnrenbuo Gonbmefi qem B
`anomanbnom Tnemmem paspane nmownocwbm TOK8 =50 A/CM2, Hanpsme—
`
`Hnem ropenna 300+7OO B, axcnanbnon cumerpnen csewzmeroca KOflb-
`
`
`
`ueaoro cnoa Ha Karone. Msmepenna pacnpenenenna HJOTHOCTM nonnoro
`
`TOK3 Ha noaepxnocwn Kawona [591 noxasann, qwo ocnoanaz nous Toma
`
`npnxonnwca Ha unmnnpmqecxym HOBSPXHOCTB HOHOCTH Ramona. Memny
`
`nnocxnm enexrponam nepexon Taemmero paapfina B CBepXHflOTHHfi He
`
`Haonmnaewca.
`
`Hpencwasnsew nHTepec cnocoo nonyqenna cnnbnowoqnux pa3pa—
`
`non,
`
`zsamnoqaxouumca B HEJIOIKGI-MM Ha npem-3apnTem:.Ho normaoaamnm
`
`raa B paspanaom npouexywxe nmnynbca BHOOKOPO Hanpsxenna (61,621
`
`MccnenoBaHMe peanunn cnaOoToqHoro (0.5 A) craunonapnoro Tnemmero
`
`paspana c cexunonnposannum nomum Kawonom [623 B aprone npn nae-
`neunn p=IO' +IO’I Top Ha nwnynbc BHCOKOPO Hanpamenua, nepeBona—
`
`mun paapan B CHALHOTOQHHH (no 200 A) Kaasncraunofiapnun pemnm
`
`nomasano, qwo npn npeaumennn noporoaon amnnnryxu (2 3 RB) 330nm-
`
`IIBIOTCH 8HOM8JIbHHe PQIKPIMH C PH-ITQHCPIBHHMII
`
`I€OJlB('581-IVIHMH
`
`TOKB M H8I'I-
`
`’
`
`pamenna.
`CnnbHoToqHaa mopma
`B
`Hnmnem nnanaaone
`naaxennn
`p=I0' +IO'2 Top ycTaHaBnBaeTca numb npn 8HOM8flbHHX pemnmax,
`
`CBFISHBBGMHX. BBTOPOM C BBPHBHHMPI HBJIBHPIHMH H8 KBTOJIB.
`
`OCOOHH FIHTBPBC npe,z:0'raB.na1o'r HCCJIGJIOBEHYIH CKJIBHOTOTHHX PI,
`
`BHcoKoBonbTHHx paenosnnnocwen Knasncmaunonapnoro paspzna B one-
`
`Temax c 38MMHyTHM H Heaammnywnm npenmom anenmponoa B HeonHopon—
`
`Hux ExH nonax [68+66]. Ha pnc. I.8 npencrannena BonbT—aMnepHue
`
`xapaxrepncwnxn cnnbnowoqnoro pexnma, oonapymennorgfi KO8ECflaflbHOM
`
`ycrponcwae (3 3aMHyTHM nyenmom [68].
`
`3KcnepnMeHTanbHHe KPHBHQ
`
`ynanocb nocTaToqHo xopomo OHHCETL ncxona n3 npennonomeana
`
`o
`
`cymecTBoBaHnn oeccTonKHoBnTenbHoro Kawonnoro cnoa.
`
`Mccnenonanna,
`
`cBa3aHHe
`
`c
`
`coanannem MHmeKTopoB Ana
`
`THY
`
`[64+66], noxaaann, qTo B ycTponcTBax c Heonnoponnumn axonanbno
`
`CMMMeTpPI‘IHHIflrI MEI’!-IHTHHM H BJIGKTPHQBCKHM IIOJIHME ynaewcs IIOJIy‘l8TI:>
`
`
`
`Momnue
`
`(=IMBT) Bucouoeonbwnne n cnnbnowoqune nmnynbcnue paepanu,
`
`xowopue nepexonsw B nyry npn enaqnwenbnnx Benqnnax TORB. Paapan
`
`aamnranca Memny nnocxonapannenbnumm enexwponamm B nouepeqaou,
`
`cnnbnoneonnoponnom MEPHKTHOM none unmnnnpnqecxoro eneKTpoMar—
`
`HHT8, pacnonoxeunoro ea Hamonom (nmocxnfi MaPHeTpOH). MccnenoBa-
`
`nun npoeonnnneb B nmnynbcnom pemnme. Bpemeanue xapanwepncwnxn
`
`nmnynbcoe MBPHHTHOPO nous n Toma paspana nononpauncb Tan, qmoou
`
`Bpemena nemenenna Hanpamenna ropenna paepana Oman enaqnrenbno
`
`oonbme Bpemenn uonneaunn H nenonneaunn aapamennux qacwnu B pas-
`
`panuom npomemywxe. Cnnbaomoqnun paspan nccnenoeanca B xnaneaone
`
`TOKOB ow 5 A no 2 HA Ana paennqnux naenennn p=5 IO"3+5 I0'2 TOP
`
`nan raeoa Ar, N2, H2. Hmrenbuocrb nmnynbca TOK8 npn ewom He
`
`npeeumana I00 MC. Tnnnqnue Boner-amepuue Kap8KTepMCTHKK.pa3p3—
`
`na npencwaemenu Ha pnc.I.9a Xapaxwep eaancnmoown Up(Ip)onnHaxoB
`ans paannqnux napamewpoe p, d, BO H pone raaa. Cnaqana c pocmom
`TOKB 110 HBKOTOPOPO Kpnmqecrcoro enatzexma
`IKp=5O A Haxrpmxerme
`P
`
`Ip>I§P Hanpame—
`MOHOTOHHO yeennqnnaerca H8 50+IOO B, 3aTeM npn
`Hne paapnna npaxmnqecnn He aaancnw OT TOKB BHMOTL no 2 RA n cox-
`
`panaew HOCTOHHHyw Bennqnny 300+5OO B, KoTopaa cymecTBeHHo 3aBn-
`
`our OT MBPHHTHOPO HOME H pone raaa. Ymenbmenne Bennqnnu nnnynunn
`
`MBPHHTHOPO nona npn aanannom Tone I
`
`BHBHBEBT npaxwnqecmn anaem-
`
`P
`
`Hoe yeenqenne Hanpaxenna Ha paepane U
`
`P‘
`
`Haxnon npnmon U (B)
`P
`
`coxpanaewca Ana paannquux nanneunfi, HO yMeHLmaeTca npn nepexoae
`OT Ar E H2. Benmqnna Igp npaxwnqecmn He saancnw or MBPHMTHOPO
`none. OTMBTHM, qro B Ar cnnbnowoqnun paepan ropnr npn 3HaqnTenb—
`
`HO Gonbmnx Hanpsmennsx qeM B N2 n H .
`
`OTcyTcTBne 3aBncnMocTn paapannoro Hanpamenna om TOK8 HaOnm-
`
`JIBBTCH TBICIKQ B MOIIIHI.-IX YCKOPHTBJIHX. C BEMKHYTHM XOJIJIOBCKHM TOKOM
`
`
`
`_22_
`
`[67,68]. ¢oTorpa@MpoBaHne paapana noxasuaaew,
`
`qwo on 3aHMMaeT
`
`xonbuesym oonacwb c ymenbmamnmca caeqennem OT Karena K anony.
`
`Ha qnne nmdqwafio PBBMHTOPO cBeqeHna nMeeTcH Hpxoe onmoponnoe
`
`Konbuo, qro cannewenbcwayew 06 oTcyTcTBxu xonwpaxunn paspzna.
`
`Mamepezme pacnpenenerma zconuenwpamm KOHOB