I|||||||||||l||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
`
`US"J(}59'15'.11f]A
`
`Ulllted States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`5,915,210
`
`Cameron et al.
`
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`[54]
`
`]V[[f."['|-[()[) AND SYS’fEM FOR Pfl()V|D[N(}
`MULTICARRIER SIMUl.C-AST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`|75]
`
`Invcnlursi Dennis Wayne Cameron. Jackson.
`Miss; Walter Charles Rnehr. .]r.,
`
`Rcslon. Va.; Jfli I’. Bhagm. Jackson.
`W55-4 Mflsmd G""='hi- M=ld1'50“-
`Miss.; Wiiliam D. I-lays, Jackson,
`Miss: David W. Ac-kerman.
`Washinglnn. D17.
`
`['73] Assignuc.-2 DcstinccrC0rpor'atiui1,Jackson, Miss.
`
`I31] ADpl.Na.:08;'899,476
`22
`17'] d:
`L 24 I997
`I C
`'
`J“
`R‘_,|[m__d U_S_ Appncmion Dam
`
`I
`
`45559
`l2.’l'3'84 Kai el. al.
`-1.49'i].83I['I
`__ _
`3r15='35_ Lucas-
`4506.384
`2;‘lOSfJ Tim‘)
`........................................ .. 4:33.-':\9
`4.370.265
`lllflilfii-" Dunkerlou el al. _
`4,".-"l,l1,',-'58
`T,’l')R‘.)
`Treebuxg .
`4_,83(i_,('|32
`1l;"l99fl
`Iasiliski
`................................ .. 455.51.?
`4.9l‘J8.‘J6f:
`7!l‘J92 Jnsineski _
`5.128.934
`5‘m3J8] W199: Roma 1
`5.243.529
`r;,=1-‘m Wei
`....................................... .. swarm
`5;343',4qc;
`3,e[_r;<;4
`J33-.pg] 31 3],
`,
`5_.392_.45-2
`231995 Davis.
`5,504,783
`-1,*[!'mu
`Ibnzisaio ei al.
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4:'»S.*lUl
`
`wot;rm4314
`
`-mogn
`
`Iiuropt-ntl Pat. 011:.
`
`............... ..455,=1u1
`45583.1
`
`11;-"1991 WIPD
`WOl}lx'l8-15:8
`WC}*J2.—’ll7iJ7 W10‘)? WIPCI
`.
`.
`.
`Prrrmzry F..\mmner——Thanh Cong I_e
`Arrorney. Agent. or I-{rm-—Finncgan, Hcndurson. Farabow,
`Garrc-ll & Dunner
`
`I63]
`
`|51]
`[53]
`[58]
`
`[55]
`
`Conlinlmkion of application No. I'|Sr'76U.=l57. Dec. fi. I996.
`abandoned, which is a conlinualion‘ Pf applicaliun Nu.
`m-‘Q73-‘Q13-* NW’ '2’ '99; P‘'’" N“ 3“‘9”“"-'3‘
`Int. Cl." ..................................................... .. H043 U50
`
`M 455,59; 4553103; 4553103
`Field of Search ..................................... 4SS.«'S(l2_. 503.
`4553-507‘ 509, 515‘ Sm’ 5 I 7‘ 534‘ 59‘ 601
`62' 63’ fi7_ L fi7_3‘ 616‘ m1_ 103, 103;
`3-mfzfin‘ 367' 399; 3703343‘ 344
`
`R,_.fcmnce5 Cited
`
`U-5- IWFENT DOCUMENTS
`1433445 mam Chang
`3,(Jl‘11554
`“_-,__,w—,5 Sam] ‘
`4.123.405
`W1‘):-:1! Hauori ct al.
`4,244;rm 1.1931 Perkins.
`4.392.242
`"M933 Kai
`
`45550
`
`45534.1
`
`[57]
`
`AB§TRAC']‘
`
`A lwo-way s.:on1n1unicaIion syslcm for communication
`hciwccerl 21 syslcm network and :1 mobile unit The system
`IIt':lWL'II'k. includes a plurality of base lransmillcrs and bass:
`rlfcglvcrg include: in 1h_r: network. The base Iruiismiilcrs are
`divmlcd [nip ztmal assignmiznls and iaroatlcasl In simulcast
`using mulll-earner modulalxon_tcc|1n1qucs. The system nul-
`work i':o_nlrols Ihu: base Irzmsr_=11l1c:r.-3 In broadcasi ll] summi-
`cusl during both rsy.-stemwldc and 7,(mc- boundaries to I'.‘III:l'Kl—
`informsilion 1t1mug|Ji_n1I._ The prefurrcil mobile unit
`inlcudcs :1 noun: dutcclor cn'cu11 to prevent unwanlcd Ir-ans-
`missions. The system nu-lwnrk Further provides an adaptive
`rs.-gi.-slraliou feature:
`for mobile uni_Is which (:0n1mL_§ l_hu:
`.1‘tIg1Sll“ciI]Ol'l nperalmn by lhc mululc umls 10 maximm:
`infunmliflfl l11f0Ugh0"l-
`
`19 Claims, 30 Drawing Sheets
`
`-"""'"‘
`
`,r5‘_5 "
`
`\: Q 3
`-‘-—
`I
`
`"'
`I-(2.3-1
`BASE '
`
`m $335? - L L‘ F'EGE"'*E“
`“*.
`»E10
`
`-sac
`\
`I
`g_EE;_1%LAL
`
`]_
`
`532
`
`7554
`...552
`I
`BASE
`RECENEF.
`
`_|
`
`£61»: _‘
`J
`BASE
`-I TRANSMITTER
`'
`In "--.3113
`
`-
`
`__
`
`_
`
`I
`
`"
`
`.505
`
`v_5qg
`—_e22 :
`!
`‘.2525
`
`M08“
`UNJT
`
`"
`
`524
`
`55~3—\.
`
`_.E1E
`\
`_ Cm"']'f..a».>.;.
`TRANSMITTER
`.
`_
`fi"6
`
`535
`, In
`
`5
`_ 23
`BASE
`, HECEIVEFI
`._
`
`,_
`;
`E58
`
`"'-._____
`_rE3”
`I
`
`305‘-E1
`
`ZONE?
`
`,,
`?“°“’3
`
`Egg-E
`FECENEFI
`.
`LE-:3
`.4345
`1- W
`“——‘—]
`REGIONAL
`I
`|
`STAT ON
`
`I
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1001
`
`,——_._.aun:
`
`"‘~.{~1&‘ _§/
`/« \
`'
`
`I"
`
`.
`""‘“~“-
`.6‘3
`3% *
`
`<.'__.._.____.fi
`1:-mu.-*s.~.=:T*Eri
`
`-7-
`
`'-
`
`ry#(F{,-5L-:3
`I
`\‘},lg--"'1
`,-«J-.5:-ca
`|__;,{J.4
`|j___,%
`.
`'
`NETWORK
`OPEFTATIDHS
`CENTER
`
`
`
`APPLE 1001
`
`1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/ 6‘. /
`
`PRIOR ART
`
`
`
`,8’
`
`—!'Jr
`
`\?‘~k\
`
`102
`
`B
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmitter
`
`Tronsmilter
`
`Transmitter
`
`2
`
`

`

`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 of3l]
`
`5,915,210
`
` U.S.Patent
`
`3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 3 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
`mzoEQzoomm<I¢.:z<
`
`mom
`
`9%
`
`4<>$:z_
`
`>ozw:om¢¢
`
`bm:
`
`m53.:.E§<
`
`$:2_._
`
`.5350
`
`.33QOEQ8:em
`
`.53‘mochaasGE
`
`zoE§s5m
`
`mézoamo
`
`20¢;
`
`mQz<_m$Es_mz<E
`
`.E<mgmq@mat
`
`>ozm30m:nE
`
`Szmsomi
`
`rmmE_2mz<E
`
`
`
`EOWE,_<zo_w
`
`2%GE
`
`#3moan
`
`20$ézoa
`
`mEE2wz<E
`8%GE
`
`#3main
`
`4
`
`

`

`tnwaP&U
`
`012,E
`
`4_.._._mM__WmMWS_H”__._
`
`3U___H_M_”>ozm50.uEu.m;<z_2$_maz_Bmgoimq.
`
`0weMMWUWSzmsomfi
`
`9,Noz<r5mEE2mz<E
`
`m:2_.__..EOE:__MH__mézoamo«EvaEma
`______zo:/Ezsw0NuGE
`
`n.,W”_.Wmn_U_.U_,.JM._:$E2mz<EE355
`
`.20$ézoa3:»GE
`
`.______:9:229m8%GE59___._.m.._NHMWH.>ozm30wE
`mg:1MMW____WN$E2wz<E:3main
`
`
`
`>ozm:om¢¢
`
`5
`
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`5,915,2105,915,2105,915,210
`
`
`
`
`
`F/6.5PRIORARTF/6.5PRIORARTF/6.5PRIORART
`
`6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 6 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`O8
`
`4<zo_om¢
`
`zo:Em
`
`Em
`
`mmé
`
`$E2mz<E
`
`M25
`
`$E2mz<E
`
`E,
`
`mGE
`
`:2:§2,
`
`$28,,NE
`
`,mmé
`
`SQWmom
`
`$Ezmz<E
`
`4<zo_om_m
`
`zoE:m
`
`mmé
`
`E>_momE
`
`éogmz
`
`mzozémao
`
`Ecfio
`
`7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 7 0130
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG‘. 7
`
`702
`
`
`
`T00
`
`
`Generating a system information
`signal which includes a plurality of
`blocks of information
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmitting the system information
`
` YO4
`
`signal to the plurality of transmitters
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`information in simulcast during the first
`
`time period
`
`706
`
`__
`
`1
`
`T08
`
`.fi
`
`A
`
`il0
`
`
`
` time period
`
`Transmitting by the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`
`information during the second
`
`Transmitting by the first set of
`transmitters a second block of
`
`information during the second
`time period
`
`8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22_. 1999
`
`Sl1ect8 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`Fl G 8
`
`800
`
`\
`
`Transmitting a message signal by a
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`where the mobile transceiver was. last
`known to be located
`
`802
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a plurality of zones if the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`
`base transmitter
`
`receipt of the message signal from the
`
`304
`
`Receiving the regional probe signal by
`
`305
`
`the mobile transceiver
`
`‘
`
`BUB
`
`
`
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`response to the received regional
`probe signal
`
`
`
`
`
`Receiving the acknowledgment signal
`from the mobile transceiver by a base
`receiver
`
`3'0
`
` 3'
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`of the base receiver that received the
`
`acknowledgment signal as the last
`known location or‘ the mobile
`transceiver
` __
`
`3'2
`
`9
`
`

`

`tnwaP«MU
`
`n.m
`
`9mn,
`
`wM9m
`
`012,
`
`
`
`
`
`mTNIXomL5:TNEo__l._.>ocm:UmiT:$321;
`
`m
`
`10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 10 one
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG‘. /0
`
`moo
`
`/
`
`1022
`
`I002
`
`SW1
`
`F1 @_ 1012
`
`[U04
`
`SW2
`
`F2 @_ IOI4
`
`‘U05
`
`SW3
`
`[:3 MT. E
`M 6% !U|8
`
`was
`
`SW4
`
`_
`
`Signal
`
`out
`
`J
`
`9
`
`E
`
`
` ‘
`96%
`
`I010
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 11 M30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SKSNAL1
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SGNALZ
`
`CY
`
`FREQ
`CONT
`OGNAL3
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONT
`SGNA
`
`F7Ci T1
`
`-—————-————1
`1103
`
`Q MODULATOR
`
`1112
`
`1100
`
`[
`///
`
`
`
`UENCY
`;
`F
`ROL ———~——m—_.___1
`C
`OGNALn
`1“0
`0 MODULATOR
`
`H20
`
`12
`
`12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 one
`
`5 915 210
`
`FIG. 12
`
`/1200
`}
`
`1210
`
`5
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL1 O} {.1202
`IN PHASE
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`F‘
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNALB
`
`F9
`
`" ‘T 1204
`1N PHASE
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`
`
`CONTROL
`SLGNAL3 —”"''"—1
`
`F3
`
`‘+206
`1N PHASE
`
`OUADRATURE
`
`CONTROL
`SLONAL4 O} ,»1208
`
`IN PHASE
`
`
`
` QUADRATURE
`
`FOUR CARRIER QUADRATURE MODULATOR
`
`13
`
`13
`
`

`

`QMU
`
`tHEtanr
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 13 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`eon
`
`won
`
`
`
`_®E._EmCmC.mmmm
`
`
`
`.m.\..w\».\
`
`ON:
`
`gmspeoo
`
`1|2:
`gsuog
`
`Ex
`
`.0550:
`
`14
`
`14
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`Ct3
`
`U
`
`m04
`
`012,519,5
`
`
`
`Pm_Ecm:mmm.S\_E7w1_:mV\.0\h\
`
`m.8:\::3:
`
`QE<§>o¢
`
`J::2:
`
`9mg5%:3m2:M..QE<$50:
`Emsuoz
`sm:N_:58:1
`
`___:_.________
`
`E:::
`
`15
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`PPP
`
`
`
`
`
`MMM
`
`
`
`
`
`999
`
`
`
`
`
`mmm
`
`
`
`
`
`w._m>_momcmF@2302w._m>_momcmF@2302w._m>_momcmF@2302
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`§_\89§_\89§_\89
`
`
`
`
`
`UUU
`
`
`
`
`
`3h\.b\:.\3h\.b\:.\3h\.b\:.\
`
`
`
`
`
`5::25::25::2
`
`
`
`
`
`9004295mmmfizmMtEmCmE.r§,_\Ucw>m_am_Q9004295mmmfizmMtEmCmE.r§,_\Ucw>m_am_Q9004295mmmfizmMtEmCmE.r§,_\Ucw>m_am_Q
`
`
`
`
`
`pbu.3QC_>m_Qm_Dpbu.3QC_>m_Qm_Dpbu.3QC_>m_Qm_D
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`_mm%m_mEEm:m;._.Bzmommmm\m:55:W.;;E_mm%m_mEEm:m;._.Bzmommmm\m:55:W.;;E_mm%m_mEEm:m;._.Bzmommmm\m:55:W.;;E
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2.,mm£ot>>mw_O:.COO2.,mm£ot>>mw_O:.COO2.,mm£ot>>mw_O:.COO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`16
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`3
`
`0
`
`0j2%waw3%22%‘9%wow:%UamzclUmmzcaUmmzcflm.ozmm»
`
`
`
`m,_m>_mom:mF®:QO_>__w1
`
`
`
`
`m§_\
`
`P.GM.8mi
`
`
`
`M§\_\._OH_@EoT_mm30>___>>m82
`J_Q?\@.32
`
`
`32/
`
`
`m.:_®CC_D7
`
`17
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 17 0i'30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`W00
`
`lT06
`
`Receiver
`
` W02
`
`I708
`
` Display and
`
`Storage Logic
`
`l5l4
`
`
`
`l5l0
`
`Annuncialor
`
`Display
`Controls
`
`18
`
`18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 18 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`A
`
`mfi:mwmoo_a
`
`_m:2mmm
`
`526:0
`
`$3.b\n\
`
`Ezmommmmmmmo_mc<’
`
`¢om_oog
`
`
`
`sggggmg
`
`_2©_.§
`
`moRc<
`
`Lmzmomm
`
`:§m\m:u
`
`_m:2mmmcgsgN%%1rL
`
`
`
`
`§_Ezmommmmmm_m:m_Q
`
`002
`
`19
`
`>__:o__
`
`H..0_m3momm
`
`
`
`
`
`mcammoo_m_o:::UoEmQmo+mc4\
`
`19
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 19 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`Fl 6'.
`
`/.9
`
`
`
`Analog
`Receiver
`
`
`
`
`I302
`
`
`
`Demodulator
`
`Error
`
`I/|8|0
`
`I905
`
`Correction
`Circuit
`
`
`
`
`
`I808
`
`i Regional
`
`F’ rocessing
`Circuitry
`
`i
`
`I908
`
`|8|U
`
`20
`
`Store &
`
`Forward
`
`
`
`Circuit
`
`20
`
`

`

`mm3
`
`5,915,210
`
`§\
`
`om”s%_%_$:
`
`MomEEQEOOMEbcmom.
`
`mmmgfimo
`
`
`
`mmmoo<_O:COO
`
`28
`
`
`
`
`
`P_mEm0mcozmtmao{@352W”ON..w\h.
`
`21
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 21 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/6. 2/
`
`2|02
`
`2104
`
`2106
`
`Use’ 1
`
`,
`
`'9‘:
`
`t
`
`L
`
`L::ation
`
`T
`
`-
`
`t
`
`Cr:[:?:T:E?l:ty’?
`
`ZIOU
`
`/
`
`H2
`
`2
`
`_____________ __|_____
`I
`
`—a —— =———
`
`‘1fi—— —-—
`
`r_
`
`u—u—..-u—-u—uu—o-:n::ujn—¢u-.-.n.—u.—n.—-an-—nu-u
`
`—
`
`~—
`
`|
`
`1 1
`
`User 2
`
`
`
`-3-
`ID"
`
`Last
`Location
`
`Transmit
`Capability?
`
`Service Area
`
`M955aQ9
`
`lflecld
`
`_____________
`
`I
`
`n:j—:pu—-uu—u-::u:ju—.::u—-u-an
`
`User Database
`
`22
`
`22
`
`

`

`S_U
`
`tnuCtaD1
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 22 of 30
`
`012,519,5
`
`mmmgmfimEta?
`
`Ema
`
`o_.tmfi550
`mmmmwmfiz5.02
`>:2wmmoo:w
`Um_m>__mD
`
`cozmbflmmm“.0.OZ
`
`Umzmommm_mcm._m
`mnoi.6.ozv_mmD
`
`Emwm_mcm_.m
`
`
`
`Fl‘.
`
`Ema
`
`0_tm.C.550
`wmmmmmmfiLo.oZ
`>__2wmmoo:w
`Um:m>:mQ
`cozmbflmmm6.oz
`
`Um>__mommm_mcm_w
`mgoiwe.02w3
`
`Ewmm_mcm_wEm
`
`was
`
`ofmt.EEO
`wmmmmmmé*0.02
`>:Emmmoo:m
`Um:m>___mQ
`cozmtflmmmE.02
`
`Umzmomm229m
`mnoiB.02mD
`
`Emmm_m.cm_wgmm
`
`MED
`
`D_.tm.C.E£H_O
`$9382u_o.oz
`>__3mmmoo:m
`um._m>__mQ
`cozmbflmmmB.02
`
`Umzmommm_m.c9m
`Emmm_mcm_mvEm
`mnoiB.02D
`
`o_NN
`
`comm
`
`WW..©\k
`
`mowm
`
`womm
`
`vommNONN
`
`23
`
`23
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 23
`
`Service Queue
`
`Current Messages
`
`Data Location
`
`Probe List
`
`I
`
`Data Location
`
`24
`
`24
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 24 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`oovm
`
`
`was.650
`
`mmmmmo._<omm_m>ooEm_m>_momm
`
`
`
`EwEcm_ww<
`__mx:cwcm:.
`
`¢o¢N
`
`_mCON
`
`No¢N
`
`mmmm
`
`WW
`
`wt
`
`
`
`,__m_%M_%mE___W_MNmm
`
`L:tC
`
`
`
`
`
`mmmgmtmm_m:_Em:m:.mmmm
`
`
`mflmo_m£#O
`
`
`
`
`mmmmmm:<mmm:m>ooEm6>_momm_
`
`Em.E:m_mm<
`¢_m::cm:m:.
`
`_mcoN
`
`mmmm
`
`
`
`
`
`mm:<mmm_m>oo
`
`
`
`Em_m>_mommSmQ_wEOmmmm:mcoNmmmm
`
`
`
`EmEcm_mm<
`m_m#:cLmcmLH
`
`25
`
`25
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`mma
`
`m
`
`
`
`pm«Mc:m£_Qmcommm.b\k
`
`m,E
`
`.mVm:oN
`
`m
`
`MEMwmcow.
`
`012,519
`
`pl,m
`
`X
`
`X
`
`m
`
`26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 25 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 26
`
`/@500
`
`2502
`
`2504
`
`2605
`
`
`
`Transmitting substantially
`
`simultaneously a first information
`
`signal and a second information
`
`signal, the first information signal
`
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`first set of base transmitters
`
`assigned to a first zone, and the
`
`second information signal being
`
`transmitted in simuicast by a second
`
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`second zone
`
` Dynamically reassigning one or more
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`
`
`
`r
`
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`
`first set of base transmitters and an
`
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`L
`
`Transmitting substantially
`
`simultaneously a third information
`
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`
`the third information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated first set of base transmitters,
`
`and the fourth information signal
`
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`
`
`27
`
`27
`
`

`

`SU
`
`2mm
`
`mN.
`
`5,915,210
`
`mu_;E%m>»w_M2mNEEmmewamasNE
`pm0E9905m_o>o.xvkwQR
`
`
`
`
`:o_%%%_,mmmmmcmmQ>>n__mcoNmU_;E_Bm>m
`
`._>mmm>m
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`_m>_mE__m>_mE__w>_m:.C__m>._mE__m>_m:c_
`
`
`
`a_mUmmImxSam_Sam_58$_m>5E_SU._im>>_OH_
`
`
`
`
`
`am\:5NEOEEmw_oo9bi_m>_mE_Uzmzcommxmtwat
`
`
`
`
`
`Os_oo9bESam_§§>_E_Chmmt
`
`_m:E>6c_
`
`mmmmmmE
`
`28
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 2:; of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/6'. 28/4}
`
`2800
`
`2802
`
`2304
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to disable the
`
`registration feature
`
`Store the number of probe
`
`signals sent and a number of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`messages successfully
`
`delivered
`
`
` Process the stored number of
`
`
`probe signals and number of
`
`
`
`
` 2806
`
`
`messages succesfully
`
`delivered to evaluate a
`
`likelihood that a probe signal
`
`
`
`
`
`will be required to be sent by
`
`
`
`the network to locate the mobile
`
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`
`unit to enable the mobile
`
`2808
`
`
`
`
`
`
`transceiver's capability to
`
`transmit a registration signal if
`
`the likelihood exceeds a
`
`selected value
`
`29
`
`29
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 29 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/6. 28/5}
`
` Send a message to enable the
`
`
`registration feature
`
`
`
`28l0
`
`28|2
`
`
`
`Store the number of registration
`
`of messages successfully
`
`
`signals received and a number
`
` 28!‘?
`
`
`
`delivered
`
` Process the stored number of
`
`
`
` 2B|6
`
`
`
`registration signals and
`
`number of messages
`
`succesfully delivered to
`evaluate a likelihood that a
`
`registration signal will be
`
`received by a base receiver in
`the netvvorlt that will not be
`
`used by the network to
`determine a set of base
`
`transmitters to be operated to
`
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`
`unit to disable the mobile
`
`28|B
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`transceivers capability to
`
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`
`selected value
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`

`tHetaP&UV
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 30 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`E8.em
`
`immGE
`
`Sammam
`
`Sam8%
`
`>jEm$oo:mzo:<Ew_8m
`
`
`EimmmooamEmaézgm
`
`m_o<m$2<m<>><22,
`
`
`
`m_o<wmms_mmoma<22,<m<>>
`
`5502n__8m_>m_omm<OH8$>:maZ205
`
`<OHQmEm_>:mQ<I:§
`
`
`
`BaezSwmmmooaw
`
`Em>_m5mz<Eam;
`
`Em_>_momz<E_$>H:§#mm
`
`E>mE538
`
`Emsmmomg<>mH2300
`
`
`
`am;H:Em_>_#5z_
`
`Q>m$558
`
`Hzmzmmomo
`
`_mm>¢_
`
`Em§mEoz_
`
`n_>mH2300
`
`
`
`
`
`._;__>>._<ZO_mzo:<Em_omE<25
`
`
`
`mmbmmom3<>$5300mIHm_
`
`
`
`QOO:_._m§_._mr:_mm>H:E725
`
`
`
`Etmmom3<>E5500ml»m_
`
`goozzwviH:_$>H:%Z<_.C
`
`
`
`
`
`mm._J__>>.2206wmomm<bit»
`
`
`
`
`
`$.52._.__>>.r<:.~viogmzmI._.Z.
`
`E>_mommwmé<>m8>momEmm
`
`m$E2mz<EmméH5Em<mzs
`
`Ema0»E0252ME>mEm:
`
`
`
`-mz<Em:_mo2mi»0»mw<m$s_<:2mz<EOH826%mmOH
`
`
`
`omtomdm<z<_.:.mm:<#_om_EEOm_3<>
`
`
`
`5502atmE<oO4OHEémmomz
`
`gmcomdm<Z<:+Ebmmo2E>m5mz<E
`
`m3<>
`
`31
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`5,915,210
`
`1
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIIJING
`MULTICARRIER SI MULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`This application is a continuation of application Set. No.
`(tRt"?fi(J_.457__ filed Dec. 6, 1996., now aba ndoncd. which is a
`Rule 60 continuation of prior application Ser. No. tI7t9't'3,
`918, tiled Nov. 12. 1992, now US. Pat. No. S,5LttJ,4(t3.
`BACKGROUND OI’ 'I‘llE lNVENl'lON
`A. Field of the Invention
`
`5
`
`.10
`
`The present invention relates to methods and systems for
`providing two-way communication capability between a
`central network and a mobile unit over a relatively large
`area, and more particularly to such methods and systems
`which allow for rapid communication of large messages and
`ellicient use of system resources.
`B. Description of the Related Art
`Conventional two-way portablctmobile wireless messag-
`ing systems often provide a variety of services to subscrib-
`ers. Conventional messaging systems in particular provide
`one-way services using store and forward techniques to
`mobile receivers carried by the subscriber. A t'undarnental
`goal of twn—way messaging systems is to provide a network
`of interconnected transmitters and receivers which provides
`sufficient transmitted signal strength and receive capability
`to uniformly cover it geographic region. Some convenLional
`messaging systems provide the message to the user on 8
`small viewing screen on the mobile unit.
`However, such conventional systems often suffer from
`problems associated with low system throughput, evidenced
`by slow message delivery and message size limitations and
`do not provide an acknowledgment
`feature wherein the
`mobile unit
`transmits an acknowledgment signal
`to the
`system to acknowledge receipt of the message from the
`system. Generally, system throughput refers to overall com-
`munication capability of a system as defined by the total
`amount of‘ message data from the system to the mobile units
`transferred by the system during a given period of time
`divided by the frequency bandwidth necessary to transmit
`the message data and may be measured in bits transferred
`per ll’/.. Further, such conventional systems suffer from
`technical problems preventing consistent wide area cover-
`age and would require extremely wide portions of valuable
`frequency bandwidth to achieve acceptable system through-
`put rates.
`technology in communication systems was
`Simulcast
`originally developed to extend transmitter coverage heyortd
`that which could be obtained from it single transmitter. Over
`time, however. simulcasting has evolved into a technique
`capable of providing continuous coverage to a large area.
`Generally, simulcast‘
`teclmology provides multiple
`transmitters, operating on substantially the same frequencies
`and transmitting the same information positioned to cover
`extended areas. As shown in FIG. 1, transmitter 100 gener-
`ally provides covcrage over area A. D, and E. transmitter
`102 generally provides coverage over area B, I), and E, and
`transmitter 104 generally provides coverage. over area C, E.
`and F. In some cases, the coverage area ofa first transmitter
`may be entirely enclosed within the coverage area of another
`transmitter, such as in building interiors and valleys. In areas
`where one [and only one) transmitter dominates [e.g., areas
`A, B, and C in FIG. 1), simulcast is effective because the
`other transmitters do not significantly afl'cct receivers in
`those areas.
`llowevcr, in "overlap" areas I), E, and F shown in FIG. 1,
`where the signals from two or more transmitters are approxi-
`
`4-0
`
`50
`
`S5
`
`Etl]
`
`65
`
`2
`tnatcly equal. problems can arise because destructive inter-
`ference ofsigttals occurs in these overlap areas such as areas
`D, E, and F. Destructive interference. occurs when the two
`signals are equal in magnitude and 180° out of phase and
`completely cancel each other. While there were some
`successes, reliable design procedures were not available.
`Attempting to precisely synchronize the carrier frequen-
`cies of all simulcast transmitters does not overcome the
`pmblem because points {i.e. nodes) at which destructive
`surnming occurred persisted for long periods of time. At
`such points. it mobile receiver can not receive the simulcast
`signal.
`Deliberately offsetting the carrier lrequencies of adjacent
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`
`persist at one point for an extended period of time. The slight
`errors in frequency displayed by high quality reference
`oscillators (e.g., 2[t hertz errors in 1[l(lMll'I. signals or a few
`parts in 107]
`render deliberate offsetting unnecessary
`Further, merely ollsetting the carrier frequencies could not
`guarantee acceptable quality dc-modulation because proper
`alignment ofthe modulating signals in time is also required.
`FIG. 2 displays the situation at, for example, point D in
`FIG. 1 when modulating waveforms are syrtchronized and
`includes coverage boundary 202 from a first transmitter and
`a second transmitter coverage boundary 204 from a second
`adjacent
`transmitter. /tn equi-signa.l boundary 2'00 exists
`where the signals from the first and second transmitters have
`approximately equal signal strengtlis. A more realistic equi-
`signal boundary would take into account natural and man-
`made topography and propagation conditions. and therefore
`would probably not be a straight line.
`FIGS. 3 and 4 generally illustrate various signals as they
`may occur at or near the cqui-signal boundary 200 as shown
`in FIG. 2.
`In particular, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate various
`aspects of modulation synchronization and how altering
`transmission parameters may affect the synchronization. In
`general,
`there are at
`least three sources which cause the
`signals front the first transmitter and the second transmitter
`to be out of synchroniztation: (1) timing shifts in the delivery
`of the modulating wavefonn to each of the transmitters; (2)
`tinting shifts internal to each transmitter; and (3) timing
`shifts caused by propagation distances and anomalies. From
`the perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area, these
`three sources of timing shifts combine to produce an overall
`timing shifts be tween the received signals from the lirst and
`second transmitters.
`In current commercial practice,
`the
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`of about 200 microseconds. The timing shift present
`in
`simulcast systems disadvantageously limits the baud rate at
`which information may be transferred. In general, FIGS. 3
`and 4 will also illustrate how timing shifts prevents high
`baud rate t'ransmissinns.
`
`A time line representation of a signal 306 from a first
`transmitter is shown in tilt}. MA) and a signal 308 from a
`second transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(3), both from the
`perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`As can be seen from FIGS. .3{/\) and (B), the signals 306 and
`308 are frequency modulated between a high and a low
`frequency value and the signals 306 and 308 are exactly in
`phase. As will be appreciated,
`the timing shift between
`signals 306 and 308 must be small when compared to the
`baud interval shown in l-'I(_iS. 3{A) and (B) since signals 306
`and 308 are in synchronization. Of course, as the baud
`interval decreases, the timing shifts will likely cause signals
`.306 and 308 to be out of synchronization.
`
`32
`
`32
`
`

`

`5,915,210
`
`3
`FIGS. 3(C‘), (D), and (E) show the summation of these
`two signals 306 and 303 at an cqoi-signal boundary, such as
`boundary 200 in FIG. 2. FIG. 3(C) shows it composite signal
`310 indicating that
`the frequency information remains
`unchanged, FIG. 3(f)) shows a linear graph 312 of the
`relative phase difference caused by a slight carrier frequency
`difference between the signals from the first transmitter and
`the second transmitter. FIG. 3(E} shows a composite ampli-
`tude signal 314. A noise.
`threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed line 304 in FIG. 3(l£).
`Of interest, FIG. 3{[-'.} shows the composite amplitude
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold 304- at an
`anti-phase condition 302 (e.g_, when the relative phase angle
`is :l8U°. as shown in FIG. 3{D}). As can be seen from FIG.
`3(l£), the anti—phasc condition 302 caused by the slight phase
`shift between transmitter 1 and transmitter 2 will not cause
`any loss of data because the anti-phase condition persists for
`only a small portion of the baud interval.
`The slight ollsct of the carrier frequencies between the
`first and second transmitters causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the two signals, as shown in FIG. 30)).
`When the signals are :180° out of phase, the temporary dip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the loss of a few hits in
`the composite signal, at worst. These errors can be counter-
`acted with a conventional error correcting code, such as is
`commonly known.
`FIG. 4 shows a set of similar signals to those in FIG. 3.
`but wherein the signal 402 from the first transmitter is olfset
`from, or out of synchronization with, the signal 404 from the
`second transmitter by a Full baud. In particular, signal 404
`tags signal 402 by one baud interval. As previously
`discussed, the offset of signals 402 and -1-04 may be caused
`by various timing shifts in the delivery oi' both signals 402
`and 404 to a receiver in an overlap area. FIGS. -1{A) and (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of these timing
`shifts is equal to the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`400. As can bc seen in FIG. 4-(C), composite signal 406
`includes a period of indeterminate frequency which unde-
`sirably covers several entire baud intervals and, therefore.
`successful demodulation is impossible during those baud
`intcrva ls. If the baud interval were increased to minimize the
`ctfect of these timing shifts, data loss would be less likely.
`Therefore, it can be seen that the baud rate at which good
`data transfer can be accomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered to receivers in overlap
`areas.
`
`Through these examples, it can be seen that high degrees
`of modulation synchrrtnization make it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a simulcast system. However, the
`baud rate limitation of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits. system throughput.
`An alternative to simulcast for wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal, non-overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can be made in time (e.g.. broadcasting the information on
`the same frequency in dil1'erent time slots to adjacent areas},
`or in frequency [c.g., broadcasting the information simulta-
`neously on different frequencies in adjacent areas). There are
`several problems with such orthogonal systems. however.
`First. orthogonal assignments require tuning the receiver to
`the assigned frequency or time channel for the area in which
`the receiver curre ally resides. In the broadcast services every
`traveler has experienced the frustration of lirirting the correct
`channel for their favorite programs. Simulcast operation
`avoids the need for scanning and re-tuning as the mobile unit
`moves between areas. Such scanning and re-tuning also
`disadvanlageously increases mobile unit power consump-
`tion.
`
`4
`the orthogonal assignment
`Second, and more serious,
`approach drastically reduces the system throughput capacity
`as measured in bits per I-lz because anywhere from 3 to 7.
`or possibly more, orthogonal assignments are required to
`obtain continuous area coverage in most conventional
`orthogonal systems. This waste of capacity is somewhat
`recouped if the same information is not needed throughout
`the service area because a given piece of information is sent
`only to those cells where it
`is needed.
`Conventional cellular radio service is a typical example of
`an orthogonal system. In cellular, the same frequencies are
`reused in spatially separated ceUs to allow different data to
`be transmitted to diflerent mobile units. An example of three
`cellular arrangements is shown in FIG. 5 where the number
`of cc|ls{N1 is equal to 3, 4, and 7. Each cell (i.e., A. B. C‘,
`.
`.
`. ) in conventional cellular service usually only includes
`a single transmitter and operates hi it. different Ereque ncy or
`time division within the commuuicatiort protocol. As shown
`in FIG. 5, cellular service generally locates transmitters
`utilizing the same division (all
`the “A” transmitters} far
`enough apart
`to reduce the likelihood of interference
`between such transmitters. As the number of cells increases,
`the likelihood of interference decreases. For example, with
`N=3 as shown by arrangement 500 in FIG. 3, the distance
`between the coverage area of"/\“ cells is about it": cell width.
`with N='-l
`in arrangement 502,
`the distance between the
`coverage areas of "A" cells is slightly larger, and with N=7
`in arrangement 504 the dista ncc between “A" cells is larger
`than the width of one cell.
`
`However, as the nurribcr of cells increases. the length of
`the individual
`time intervals per cell decreases for time
`division multiplexed systems. thereby decreasing the sys-
`tems total
`information transfer.
`In frequency division
`systems, more cells undesirably increases the frequency
`bandwidth required. Therefore. system throughput in bits
`per Hz is decreased as the number of cells increases.
`Furtherrnoru, cellular systems often require an electronic
`"handshake" between system and mobile unit to identify lhu
`specific cell [i.e. transmitter} in which the mobile unit is
`located to allow capacity reuse.
`ll. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The systems and methods of the present invention have a
`wide variety of objects and advantages. The systems and
`methods ofthe present invention have as a primary object to
`provide a communication system with wide area coverage
`and high message throughput while minimizing frequency
`bandwidth usage.
`It
`is an object of the invention to provide. a simulcast
`communication system with a high data Ira nsfer rate which
`does not exceed the baud rate limitations of simulcast
`transmission.
`
`It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
`communication system which provides for superior data
`comrnunicaLion integrity.
`Yet another object of the invention is to provide a mobile
`transceiver unit which prevents unnecessary RI’
`interference, particularly on commercial aircraft. Still
`further.
`it
`is an object of the invention to provide a zone
`based communication system which may dynamically rede-
`fine zone boundaries to improve information throughput.
`Another object of the invention is to provide a zone based
`simulcast communication system which can effect ivcly
`communicate with both mobile transceiver uriiLs located
`near the center of each zone as well as mobile transceiver
`uniLs located within the overlap areas between two or more
`zones.
`
`.10
`
`I5
`
`40
`
`5U
`
`55
`
`an
`
`55
`
`33
`
`33
`
`

`

`5,915,210
`
`5
`Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
`set forth in part in the description which follows. and in part
`will be obvious from the description, or may he learned by
`practicing the invention. The objects and advantages of the
`invention will be realized and attained by means of the
`elements and eombinalioris particularly pointed out
`in the
`appendetl claims.
`To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose
`of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein,
`the invention is directed to a method for inforrnation trans-
`mission by a plurality of transmitters to provide broad
`communication capability over a region of space, the infor-
`mation transmission occurring during at least both a first
`time period and a second time period and the plurality of
`transmitters being divided into at least a first and second set
`of transmitters,
`the method comprising the steps of (in)
`generating a system information signal which includes a
`plurality of blocks of information. (b)
`transmitting the
`system information signal to the plurality of transmitters, (c)
`transmitting by the lirst and second sets of transmitters a tirst
`block of information in simulcast during the tirst
`time
`period, {dl
`transmitting by the tirst set of transmitters a
`second block of information during the second time period,
`and (e) transmitting by the second set of transmitters a third
`block of information during the second time period.
`to a
`In another embodiment,
`the invention is tlirectetl
`multi-carrier simulcast transmission system for transmitting
`in a desired frequency band a message contained in an
`information signal. the system comprising a first transmitter
`means for transmitting an inl'ormation signal by generating
`a
`tirst plurality of carrier signals within the desired fre-
`quency hand and by modulating the first plurality of carrier
`signals to convey the information signal, and a second
`transmitter means, spatially separated from the tirst
`transmitter, for transmitting the information signal in simul-
`cast with the first transmitter by generating a second plu-
`rality of carrier signals at substantially the same frequencies
`as the tirst plurality ofcarrier signals and by modulating the
`second plurality of carrier signals to convey the infonnation
`signal.
`the invention is directed to a
`In another embodiment,
`com munication method implemented in a computer con-
`trolled communication network for locating a mobile trans-
`ceiver within a region of space. the region of space being
`divided into a plurality of zones with each zone serviced by
`at least one base transmitter and at least one base receiver,
`the network storing data corresponding to a zone where the
`mobile transceiver was last known to be located. the corn-
`munication method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting
`a message signal by a base transmitter servicing a none
`where the mobile transceiver was last known to be located,
`(b) transmitting a systemwide probe signal by a plurality of
`base transmitters servicing a plurality of zones if the mobile
`transceiver does not indicate receipt of the message signal
`from the base transmitter,