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`‘ Fully updated with the latest:
`technologies, terms, and acreage
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`- Easy to read, expertly illustrated
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`' Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the Internet, and more!
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`Microsoft“
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`IPR2014-00901 Owner Ex. 2005
`ETRI, Patent Owner
`VMware, Petitioner
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`

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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052—6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.—-5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`
`1. Computers—-Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03—-d021
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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`23456789 QWT 765432
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`Distributed in Canada by HE. Penn and Company Ltd.
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`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa—
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936—7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@micr0s0ft.com.
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`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, lntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS—DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win323, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`2 Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
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`IPR2014-00901 Owner Ex. 2005
`ETRI, Patent Owner
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`2
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`IPR2014-00901 Owner Ex. 2005
`ETRI, Patent Owner
`VMware, Petitioner
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`

`

`
`
`reg
`
`i RAM compressiort a
`
`(asymmetric digital subscriber line) that is capable of
`adjusting transmission speed (bandwidth) based on signal
`quality and length of the transmission line. As the signal
`quality improves or deteriorates while a transmission line
`is being used, the transmission speed is adjusted accord—
`ingly. See also ADSL, xDSL.
`
`rag n. Irregularity along the left or right edge of a set of
`lines of text on a printed page. Rag complements justifica—
`tion, in which one or both edges of the text form a straight
`vertical line. See the illustration. See also justify, ragged
`left, ragged right.
`
`JustifiedRagged right Ragged left
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rag.
`
`ragged left adj. Of, relating to, or being lines of text
`whose left ends are not vertically aligned but form an
`irregular edge. Text may be right—justified and have a
`ragged left margin. Ragged-left text is used infrequently—
`typically, for Visual effect in advertisements. See also rag,
`right—justify.
`
`ragged right adj. Of, relating to, or being lines of text
`whose right ends are not vertically aligned but form an
`irregular edge. Letters and other word-processed docu—
`ments are commonly left-justified, with ragged-right mar—
`gins. See also left-justify, rag.
`
`RAID 11. Acronym for redundant array of independent (or
`inexpensive) disks. A data storage method in which data is
`distributed across a group of computer disk drives that
`function as a single storage unit. All the information
`stored on each of the disks is duplicated on other disks in
`the array. This redundancy ensures that no information
`will be lost if one of the disks fails. RAID is generally
`used on network servers where data accessibility is critical
`and fault tolerance is required. There are various defined
`levels of RAID, each offering differing trade—offs among
`access speed, reliability, and cost. See also disk controller,
`error—correction coding, Hamming code, hard disk, parity
`bit, server (definition 1).
`
`RAID array n. See RAID.
`
`RAM a. Acronym for random access memory. Semicon—
`ductor—based memory that can be read and written by the
`central processing unit (CPU) or other hardware devices.
`The storage locations can be accessed in any order. Note
`that the various types of ROM memory are capable of ran—
`dom access but cannot be written to. The term RAM, how—
`ever, is generally understood to refer to volatile memory
`that can be written to as well as read. Compare core,
`EPROM, flash memory, PROM, ROM (definition 2).
`
`RAMAC n. 1. Acronym for Random Access Method of
`Accounting Control. Developed by an IBM team led by
`Reynold B. Johnson, RAMAC was the first computer disk
`drive. It was introduced in 1956. The original RAMAC
`consisted of a stack of 50 24-inch platters, with a storage
`capacity of 5 megabytes and an average access time of 1
`second. 2. A high—speed, high-capacity disk storage sys—
`tem introduced by IBM in 1994. Based on the original
`RAMAC storage device, it was designed to fulfill enter—
`prise requirements for efficient and fault—tolerant storage.
`Rambus DRAM n. See RDRAM.
`
`Rambus dynamic random access memory n. See
`RDRAM.
`
`RAM cache n. Short for random access memory cache.
`Cache memory that is used by the system to store and
`retrieve data from the RAM. Frequently accessed seg—
`ments of data may be stored in the cache for quicker
`access compared with secondary storage devices such as
`disks. See also cache, RAM.
`
`RAM card n. Short for random access memory card. An
`add—in circuit board containing RAM memory and the
`interface logic necessary to decode memory addresses.
`
`RAM cartridge n. See memory cartridge.
`
`RAM chip a. Short for random access memory chip. A
`semiconductor storage device. RAM chips can be either
`dynamic or static memory. See also dynamic RAM, RAM,
`static RAM.
`
`RAM compression n. Short for random access memory
`compression. This technology was an attempt by a number
`of software vendors to solve the problem of running out of
`global memory under Windows 3.x. Compression of the
`usual contents of RAM may lessen the system’s need to
`read or write to virtual (hard disk—based) memory and thus
`speed up the system, as virtual memory is much slower than
`physical RAM. Because of the falling prices of RAM and
`the introduction of operating systems that handle RAM
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