Webster’s
`Collegiate®
`Dictionary
`
` Merriam-
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`‘
`
`ELEVENTH
`
`EDITION
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`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`Merriam-Webster‘s collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-87779-807-9 (Laminated unindexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-
`808-7 (Jacketed hardcover unindexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-809-5 (Jacket-
`ed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-810—9 (Leatherlook
`with CD-ROM : alk. paper). — 0-87779-813-3 (Canadian). — 0—87779-814-1 (inter-
`national).
`1. English language—Dictionaries.
`Merriam-Webster, Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`2003
`423—dc21
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`I. Title: Collegiate dictionary.
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`II.
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`2003003674
`CIP
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`2 3
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`206
`
`chancellor o chap
`
`chan-cel-Ior \'chan(t)-s(e-)lar\ n [ME chanccler, fr. AF chanceler, fr.
`LL cancellarius doorkeeper, secretary, fr. cancellus] (14c)
`1 a : the
`secretary of a nobleman, prince, or king b : the lord chancellor of
`Great Britain c Brit : the chief secretary of an embassy d : a Roman
`Catholic priest heading the office in which diocesan business is trans-
`acted and recorded 2 a : the titular head of a British university b (l)
`: a university president
`(2) : the chief executive officer in some State
`systems of higher education 3 a : a lay legal officer or adviser of an
`Anglican diocese b : a judge in a court of Chancery or equity in vari-
`ous states of the U.S. 4 : the chief minister of state in some European
`countries —— chan-cel-lor-ship \-.ship\ n
`chancellor of the exchequer ofl‘en cap C&_E (1535) : a member of the
`British cabinet in charge of the public income and expenditure
`chance—med-ley \'chan(t)s—'med-lé\ n [AF chance medlée mingled
`chance] (15c)
`1 : accidental homicide not entirely without fault of the
`killer but without evil intent 2 : haphazard action : CONFUSION
`chanc-er \'chan(t)—sar\ n (1959) Brit : a scheming opportunist
`chan-cery \'chan(t)-sa—ré, 'chan(t)s-ré\ n, pl -cer-Ies [ME chancen'e,
`alter. of chancelerie chancellery. fr. AF, fr. chanceler] (14c)
`1 : a
`record office for public archives or those of ecclesiastical, legal, or dip-
`lomatic proceedings 2 a cap : a high court of equity in England and
`Wales with common-law functions and jurisdiction over causes in equi-
`ty b : a court of equity in the American judicial system c : the prin-
`ciples and practice of judicial equity 3 a : a chancellor's court or of-
`fice or the building in which it is located b : the office in which the
`business of a Roman Catholic diocese is transacted and recorded c
`: the office of an embassy : CHANCELLERY 3 —- in Chancery 1 : in
`litigation in a court of Chancery; also : under the superintendence of
`the lord chancellor (a ward in chancery) 2 : in a hopeless predica-
`ment
`Chan-ere \‘shan-kar\ n [F, fr. OF, fr. L cancer] (ca. 1605) : a primary
`sore or ulcer at the site of entry of a pathogen (as in tularemia); esp
`: the initial lesion of syphilis — chan-crous \-k(o-)ras\ adi
`chan-croid \'sharj-.krdid\ n (1861) : a venereal diseue caused by a bac-
`terium (Hemophilus duaeyi) and characterized by chancres unlike
`those of syphilis in lacking firm indurated margins — called also soft
`chancre —- chan-croi-dal \Shan—‘krbi-d°1\ adi
`chancv \'chan(t)-sé\ adj chanc-i-er; est (1513)
`1 Scot : bringing
`good luck : AUSPICIOUS 2 : uncertain in outcome or prospect : RISKY
`3 : occurring by chance : HAPHAZARD — chanc-i-ness n
`chan~de-lier \.shan-da—'lir\ n [F, fr. OF, candle holder, modif. of L can-
`delabrum] (1736) : a branched often ornate lighting fixture suspended
`from a ceiling — chan-de-liered \-'lird\ adi
`chan-delle \shan-‘del, sha°-\ n [F, lit., candle] (1918) : an abrupt climb—
`ing turn of an airplane in which the momentum of the plane is used to
`attain a higher rate of climb -— chandelle vi
`chan-dler \'chan(d)-lar\ n [ME chandeler, fr. AF, fr. chandele candle,
`fr. L candela] (14c)
`1 : a maker or seller of tallow or wax candles and
`usu. soap 2 : a retail dealer in provisions and supplies or equipment of
`a specified kind (a yacht ~)
`chan-dlery \-19-ré\ n, pl -dler-ies (15c)
`1 : a place where candles are
`kept 2 : the business or shop of a chandler 3 : the commodities sold
`by a chandler
`‘change \'chani\ vb changed; chang-ing [MJE, fr. AF changer, fr. L
`cambiare to exchange, prob. of Celt origin; akin to Oh comm crooked]
`vt (13c)
`1 a : to make different in some particular : ALTER (never
`bothered to ~ the will) b : to make radically different : TRANSFORM
`(can‘t ~ human nature) c : to give a different position, course, or di-
`rection to 2 a : to replace with another (let's ~ the subject) b : to
`make a shift from one to another : SWITCH (always ~s sides in an ar-
`gument) c : to exchange for an equivalent sum of money (as in small—
`er denominations or in a foreign currency) (~ a 20-dollar bill) d : to
`undergo a modification of (foliage changing color) e : to put fresh
`clothes or covering on (~ a bed) ~ vi
`1 : to become different (her
`mood ~s every hour) 2 ofthe moon : to pass from one phase to an-
`other 3 : to shift one's means of conveyance : TRANSFER (on the bus
`trip he had to ~ twice) 4 of the voice : to shift to lower register
`: BREAK 5 : to undergo transformation, transition, or substitution
`(winter changed to spring) 6 : to put on different clothes (need a few
`minutes to ~ for dinner) 7 : EXCHANGE, swrrCH (neither liked his
`seat so they changed with each other) — chang-er n — change
`hands : to pass from the possession of one owner to that of another
`(money changes hands many times)
`syn CHANGE, ALTER, VARY, MODIFY mean to make or become differ-
`ent. CHANGE implies making either an essential difference often
`amounting to a loss of original identity or a substitution of one thing
`for another (changed the shirt for a larger size). ALTER implies a dif-
`ference in some particular respect without suggesting loss of identity
`(slightly altered the original design). VARY stresses a breaking away
`from sameness, duplication, or exact repetition (vary your daily rou-
`tine). MODIFY suggests a difference that limits, restricts, or adapts to a
`new purpose (modified the building for use by the disabled).
`2change n (13c)
`1 : the act, process, or result of changing: as a : AL—
`TERATION (a ~ in the weather) b : TRANSFORMATION (a time of vast
`social ~) (going through ~s) c : SUBSTITUTION (a ~ of scenery)
`d : the passage of the moon from one monthly revolution to another;
`also : the passage of the moon from one phase to another e : MEND-
`PAUSE 2 : a fresh set of clothes 3 Brit: EXCHANGE 5a 4 a : money
`in small denominations received in exchange for an equivalent sum in
`larger denominations b : money returned when a payment exceeds
`the amount due c : coins esp. of low denominations (a pocketful of
`~) d : a negligible additional amount (only six minutes and ~ left in
`the game) e : MONEY 1 (cost a large chunk of ~) 5 : an order in
`which a set of bells is struck in change ringing 6 : CHANGEUP
`change-able \'chan-ja-bafl adj (13c) : capable of change: as a : able
`or apt to vary (~ weather) b : subject to change : ALTERABLE (~
`plans)
`c : FICKLE (a person ~ in his moods) — chan e-abil-i-ty
`\.ch5n-ja-'bi-lo-té\ n — changeoable-ness \'chan-ja-ba -nas\ n —
`change-ably \-blé\ adv
`chan e-ful \'chanj-fal\ adj (1591) : notably variable : UNCERTAIN (~
`times — chan e-ful-ly \-fa-lé\ adv -— change-ful-ness n
`change-less \'c anj-las\ adi (1580) : never changing : CONSTANT (~
`truths) — changeoless-ly adv — change-less-ness n
`
`roughening of the skin caused by exposure to wind or cold
`
`1 archaic : TURNCOAT 2 : a}...
`changeJing \'chanj-lii)\ n (1537)
`secretly exchanged for another in infancy 3 archaic : MEG-1.5m
`Changeling adj
`‘
`chan e off vi (1873)
`1 : to alternate with another at doing an act
`3
`: to a ternate between two different acts or instruments or bEtWeen 2
`action and a rest period
`"1
`change of heart (1791) : a reversal in position or attitude
`,
`.
`change of life (1834) : ’CLIMACTERIC 2
`‘
`nuity by a shift to a different activity
`change of pace (1912)
`1 : CHANGEUP 2 : an interruption of m
`change-over \'chanj-.6-var\ n (1907)
`1 : CONVERSION. TRAtvsn-"I
`the court
`of
`2 : a pause in a tennis match during which the players change Side?”
`
`v
`
`change ringin n (1872) : the art or practice of ringing a set 0mm
`bells (as in the e11 tower of a church) in continually varying Order
`change-up \'chanj-.ap\ n (1949) : a slow pitch in baseball thro
`with
`1 the same motion as a fastball in order to deceive the batter
`"
`chan-nel \'cha-n°1\ n [ME chaneI, fr. AF, fr. L canalis channel — more
`at CANAL] (14c)
`1 a : the bed where a natural stream of water run l)
`: the deeper part of a river, harbor, or strait c : a strait or narrow
`between two close landmasses d : a means of communicationol. Ex;
`pression: as
`(l) : a path along which information (as data or music)“,
`the form of an electrical signal passes
`(2)pl : a fixed or official
`of communication (went through established military ~s With
`grievances) e : a way, course, or direction of thought or «1&0anw
`~s of exploration)
`f : a band of frequencies of sufficient width to”
`single radio or television communication 9 : CHANNELER 2 g: .
`usu. tubular enclosed passage : CONDUIT b : a passage created in 5,5
`lectively permeable cell membrane by a conformational change in
`membrane proteins; also : the proteins of such a passage —- “mime
`ION CHANNEL 3 : along gutter, groove, or furrow 4 : a metal hint
`flattened U-shaped section
`channel vt -neled or -nelled; -nel-ing or -nel-ling (15c)
`1 a in
`form, cut, or wear a channel in b : to make a groove in (~ 3 cm
`leg) 2 : to convey or direct into or through a channel (~ his e
`into useful work) 3 : to serve as a channeler or intermediary for
`channel It [alter. of chainwale, fr. 1chain + ‘walel (1769) : one of the flat
`ledges of heavy plank or metal bolted edgewise to the outside of 215111;;
`to increase the spread of the shrouds
`,
`.
`channel bass n (1884) : RED DRUM
`channel catfish n (1820) : a large black-spotted catfish (Ictarum
`punctatus) that is an important freshwater food fish of the U15. and
`Canada -— called also channel cat
`chan-nel-er \'cha—nalafi n (1987) : a person who conveys thought“;
`energy from a source believed to be outside the person‘s body or an-
`scious mind; specif : one who speaks for nonphysical beings or spirit;
`chan-nel—hop-pin \'cha—n°1-.héi—pin\ n (1979) : CHANNEL sURnNo
`.
`— chan-nel—hop -.héip\ vi
`chan-nel-ize \'cha—no-Jiz\ vt -ized; -iz-ing (1609)
`1 : CHANNELI 2f
`: CHANNEL 2 3 : to straighten by means of a channel (~ a stream) —
`chan-nel-l-za-tion \.cha-ne—la-'za-shan\ n
`channel surfing n (1988) : the action or practice of surfing thro
`it
`television programs usu. by use of a remote control -— channels
`— channel surfer n
`Chan-son \sha“-‘sé“\ n, pl Chan-sons \-'sfi“(z)\ [F, fr. L cantion-, cau-
`tia, fr. canere] (1602) : SONG; specif : a music-hall or cabaret song
`chanson de geste \-da-'zhest\ n, pl chansons de geste \same\ IF,
`lit., song of heroic deeds] (1833) : any of several Old French epic poem:
`of the 11th to the 13th centuries
`,
`chan-son-nier \.sha“-so-'nya\ n [F. fr. chanson] (1872) : a writer or
`1 Singer of chansons; esp : a cabaret singer
`chant \'chant\ vb [ME chaunten, fr. AF chanter, fr. L cantare, freq; nf
`canere to sing; akin to OE hana rooster. Olr canid he sings] vi (140) 1
`: to make melodic sounds with the voice; esp : to sing a chant Zita
`recite something in a monotonous repetitive tone (protesters we}!
`~x'ng outside) ~ vt
`1 : to utter as in chanting 2 : to celebrate“
`c antn (1671)
`1 : SONG 1 2 a : PLAINSONG b : a rhythmic meant.
`2 praise in song or chant
`,
`onous utterance or song c : a composition for chanting
`chant-er \'chan-tafi n (14c)
`1 : one who chants: a : CHORrsma bi
`: CANTOR 2 : the chief singer in a chantry 3 : the reed pipe of a has-
`ipe with finger holes on which the melody is played
`c an-le-relle \.sha.n-ta-'re1,
`lshiin-\ n [F] (1775) : a fragrant edible
`mushroom (Cantharellm‘ ciban'us) usu. having a yellow to orange color
`chan-leuse \shan-‘tfiz, shin-'ta(r)z\ n, pl chan-teuses \-'tiiz, -'tfi-m
`—'ta(r)z, -'ta(r)-zez\ EF, fem. of chanteur singer, fr. chantei'] (1844)
`: SONGSTRESS; esp : a woman who is a concert or nightclub singer
`Chan-fey or chaIt-ty \'shan-té, 'chan-\ or shan-ty \'shan-\ n, pl Chlfl‘
`toys or chanttgs or shanties [modif. of F chanter] (1856) : a song
`sung by sailors in rhythm with their work
`,
`chan-ti-cleer \.chan-ta—'klir,
`Ishan—\ n [ME Chantecleer,
`rooster 111
`verse narratives, fr. OF Chantecler, rooster in the Roman dc Remit}
`(Me) :_RO0STER
`._
`Chan-tll-ly lace \shan-‘ti-le-\ n [Chantilly, France] (1848) : a delta”
`silk, linen, or synthetic lace having a 6-sided mesh ground and 8 fl
`or scrolled design — called also Chantilly
`.
`‘
`‘
`Chan-try \'chan-tré\ n, pl chantries [ME chanten'e, fr. AF, lit., sinslnlv
`fr. chanter] (14c)
`1 : an endowment for the chanting of masses 0011'
`monly for the founder 2 : a chapel endowed by a chantry
`‘
`Chanukah var afHANUKKAl-l
`1
`cha-os \'ka—.éis\ n [L, fr. Gk -— more at GUM] (ISO)
`1 obs : CHAS"!
`ABYSS 2 3 often cap : a state of things in which chance is supreme?”
`: the confused unorganized state of primordial matter before the 5!?
`ation of distinct forms — compare COSMOS b : the inherent unpfl'
`dictability in the behavior of a complex natural system (as the 8m“?
`sphere, boiling water, or the beating heart) 3 a : a state of utteroofl‘ :
`fusion (the blackout caused ~ throughout the city) b : a COM
`mass or mixture (a ~ of television antennas) — cha-ot-lc \ké-‘a—nkl
`adj — cha-ot-I-cal-Iy \-ti-k(a-)le\ adv
`chaos theory n (1984) : a branch of mathematical and physical @1190”,
`that deals with the nature and consequences of chaos and chaotlc
`tems
`’
`'chap \'chap\ n [ME chopper, pl., fr. chappen] (14c) : a crack in or a 5°”
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