NEWTON’s
`TELECOM
`DIGTIONAR
`
`nciuding the right
`
`s, please contact:
`
`The Official Dictionary of
`Telecommunications & the Internet
`
`15th Updated, Expanded and Much
`Improved Edition
`
`EX. 3001
`
`

`
`:..___
`
`||EW'I'0N's 'I'EI.ECOM DICTIONARY
`
`Copyright © 1999 Harry Newton
`email: Harry@HarryNewton.com
`personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`nal and Pan-American Copyright conventions, incl
`All rights reserved under lnternatio
`in any form whatsoever.
`to reproduce this book or portions thereof
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`\FtY
`
`NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`
`
`nnector These are used to terminate coaxial
`
`"Ls connector is mostly used for video applications.
`ingle-conductor connector and screws into the
`
`0 Face. When you actually meet someone with
`have been corresponding electronically, perhaps
`at room over the Internet. F2F often is quite a sur-
`ur "pen pal" may not be anything like he said he
`0 can be very dangerous. Never, ever meet some-
`unless you have a companion with you and you meet
`ill: public place. Never, ever give the other person
`ame, address or telephone number until you have
`and are confident that he is who he says he is.
`ldren to never, never, ever agree to meet someone
`is you approve in advance and you are with them at
`is is a very, very dangerous world full of very,
`people who prey on the unsuspecting.
`5
`o[y that makes ("fabricates") lC chips.
`‘descriptive term referring to the physical struc-
`ten or network. Much like a piece of cloth, phys-
`ommunications channels (threads) are interwo-
`rl—lq—port (end—to—end).
`ideally, data are trans—
`Jgh this switch or network on a seamless basis. in
`lbre Channel, the switching fabric generally is non-
`rtually so, from port—to—port.
`in the Internet,
`way through a complex, and even unpre-
`rwoven network of networks comprising trans-
`s. packet switches and multiple carriers.
`lbre Channel switches interconnected and using
`el methodology for linking nodes and routing
`Fibre Channel network. See Fibre Channel.
`
`‘
`
`A 75 ohm coaxial cable connector commonly
`nsumer television and video equipment.
`Associated Link. A link used to connect two SS7
`grp0illiS when there is a high community of interest
`‘A m and it is economical to link them. Also called
`'
`aling.
`ric Port. A Fibre Channel term, referring to the
`on the fabric (switch) side of the link. It attach-
`rl (Node Port) at the connected device, across a
`re Channel.
`_
`Connector A low cost connector used by the TV
`“ connect coaxial cable to equipment. See also F-
`clot (which is the same thing, except spelled with
`
`2‘
`
`lular networks employing TDMA (Time Division
`ass), as defined by lS—136. See also BCCH, IS-
`
`rier A 10 MHz PCS carrier serving a Basic
`in the frequency block ‘890 — 1895 MHz paired
`
`PM See Forced Authorization Code.
`Faceplate A cover that fits around the pushbuttons or
`rotary dial of a telephone. Hotels and motels put instructions
`on them. More businesses should also.
`Facilitate An overly pompous way to say "to make easy” or
`"to make it happen."
`imprecisely defined word that means
`Fauilities A stupid,
`anything and everything. To me it sounds like toilets‘. But its
`not. it can mean the equipment and services which make up a
`telecom system. it can mean offices, factories, and/or build-
`ing.
`It can be anywhere you choose to put telecom things.
`Oops,
`l nearly said telecom facilities. So "facilities" means
`practically anything you want it to mean so long as it covers
`a sufficiently broad variety of “things” which you haven't got
`a convenient name for. "Facilities" sounds better than things,
`especially ifyou want to sound pompous.
`Facilities Administration And Control A PBX fea-
`ture which allows you, the subscriber, to assign to your users
`features and privileges like authorization codes, restriction
`levels and calling privileges.
`Faxilities Assurance Reports This feature allows a
`subscriber to get an audit trail of the referrals produced by the
`automatic circuit assurance feature of some PBXs. The audit
`trail will
`identify the trunk circuit,
`the time of referral, the
`nature of the problem and if a test was performed, the out-
`come of the test.
`Facilities Based Carrier A carrier which owns most of
`its own facilities (i.e., stuff), such as switching equipment and
`transmission lines.
`Facilities based end to end.
`There are three benefits to being a facilities based carrier
`Cheap, roll out new features fast, network integrity.
`facililties based end to end
`lLECs (incumbent Local Exchange Carriers) such as Bell
`Atlantic, BellSouth, Citizens Communications, GTE and SEC
`fit this definition.
`incumbent lXCs (lnterexchange Carriers)
`such as AT&T, MCI Worldcom and Sprint also fit this defini-
`tion. The major facilities—based lXCs have switching offices,
`or POPs (Points OF Presence) in all service areas of the coun—
`try and provide both originating and terminating service
`nationwide. Major facilities—based carriers sell their services
`to business and residential users and to other carriers which
`resell those services. Non facilities—based long distance car-
`riers are known as switchless resellers. To be recognized as a
`CLEC (Competitive Local Exchange Carrier) by most local
`regulatory authorities and to receive reciprocal compensation
`from the local
`ILEC, you must, at minimum, own a central
`office switch; thus you must be a facilities based carrier.
`There’s probably not one single carrier — local,long distance
`or international — in the entire North America that is 100%
`facilities based these days. Everyone seems to be renting
`some facilities — usually lines — from someone else. The
`most facilities based would be the lLECs. The least facilities
`based would be the CLECs (Competitive LECs). They tend to
`resell local loops from the local lLEC which they terminate in
`their switching centers. See also CLEC, lLEC, lXC and POP.
`
`
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`Remote Access Device RAD. Typically a remote access
`device (also called a Remote Access Server) is a piece of com-
`puter hardware which sits on a corporate LAN and into which
`employees dial to get access to their files and their email. Remote
`access devices are also used by commercial service providers,
`such as lnternet Access Providers (lSPs) to allow their customers
`access into their networks. For longer explanatiolns, see also
`Remote Access Server and Universal Edge Server.
`Remote Access Server RAS. A remote access server
`(also called a Remote Access Device or in a bigger version, a
`Remote Access Concentrator) is a piece of computer hard-
`ware which sits on a corporate LAN and into which employ-
`ees dial on the public switched telephone network to get
`access to their email and to software and data on the corpo-
`rate IAN (e.g. status on customer orders). Remote access
`servers are also used by commercial service providers, such
`as Internet Access Providers (lSPs) to allow their customers
`access into their networks. Remote Access Servers are typi-
`cally measured by how many simultaneous dial—in users (on
`analog or digital lines) they can handle and whether they can
`work with cheaper digital circuits, such as T-1 and E-1 con-
`nections. See also Remote Access Concentrator and
`Universal Edge Server.
`Remote Access Services Software that enable distant
`PCs and workstations to get into a Remote Access Server to
`get to software and data on a corporate LAN. Remote access
`services are provided through modems, analog telephones or
`digital
`ISDN lines. Remote access services is For a much
`longer explanation, see Remote Access (Ref: Hands—0n
`Networking Essentials, M.J. Palmer, Course Technology,
`Cambridge, MA, 1998, p.293)
`Remote Access To PBX Services Allows a user outside
`the PBX to access the PBX by dialing it over a normal phone
`line. You dial the number.
`It answers. It may or may not say
`anything. It mayjust give you dial tone. You now punch in an
`authorization code. If your code is acceptable, the PBX gives
`you another dial tone. That dial tone is effectively the one all
`users within the PBX get. Once you have this dial tone, you
`can dial another extension, jump on the company's WATS net-
`work, get
`into the dictation unit, access its voice mail, or
`whatever. Suffice, you are inside the PBX. You can do what-
`ever anyone else inside the PBX can do.
`Remote Adapted Routing The adaptation of backbone
`routing techniques that take into account; slow—line commu-
`nications links,
`intermittent connections, security, charity
`chatty routing protocols, management, and user ergonomics.
`Remote Batch Processing Processing in a computer
`system in which batch programs and batch data are entered
`from a remote terminal or a remote PC (personal computer)
`over phone lines.
`Remote Bridge A bridge between two or more similar
`networks on remote sites. Dial up or leased lines typically
`require a local bridge or gateway and a remote bridge or
`gateway an each end, in order to network.
`Remote Call Forwarding RCE This is a neat service. It
`allows a customer to have a local telephone number in a dis-
`tant city. Every time someone calls that number, that call is
`forwarded to you in your city. Remote call forwarding is very
`much like call forwarding on a local residential line, except
`that you have no phone, no office and no physical presence in
`that distant city. Remote Call Forwarding exists purely in the
`central office. You can also think of it as measured Foreign
`Exchange. Companies buy Remote Call Forwarding for three
`reasons: 1. To encourage distant customers to call them by
`
`693
`
`
`
`me, whether written or oral.
`re Button The release button — found always an
`"consoles and occasionally on some phones —end5
`the same way that hanging up the receiver does. _
`_
`re link Capability The ability for an originating
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`
`
`as. A message sent in either direction indicating may
`uit identified in the message is being released due ma:
`0” (cause) supplied and is ready to be put into the
`2 on receipt of the Release Complete Message. See (30
`»
`Co_mmon Channel Signaling.
`ation Synonym for table.
`ational Database A database that is organized '
`ssed according to relationships between data item:
`ional database consists of tables, rows and columny
`mplest conception, a relational database is actuall
`'1
`Y 8 Col:
`an of data files that “relate" to each other through at (91
`8.’
`it,
`zommon field. For example, one’s employee numbe,
`ie common thread through several data files — payyfi
`hone directory, etc. One’s employee number migmimy
`good way of relating all the files together in one gigam
`base management system (DBMS). _
`,-
`Itionship Routing A concept introduced by 3%.
`call
`distributor
`_
`.
`manufacturer,
`AW
`ommunications, to have callers‘ calls routed to agey
`iad previously developed
`’
`itive
`'
`
`m A relative URL can optionallyincmdeapmmcol
`tie, the relative URL doc/harry.htm refers to the
`'itm in the directory doc, below the current directory
`y An electrically activated switch used to operatea
`zconnects one set of wires to another. Usually, ther
`
`If
`
`ete) their calls. Relays come in many forms. There
`tically-sealed relays,
`in which thin metal contacts
`in an airtight glass or metal enclosure. There area
`'y relays in which a small tube of mercury tiltsa
`ates or breaks_a circuit. See also REED RELAY.
`r Rack Open lTOTt work designed to mount and supp
`
`«
`
`
`
`; wilcning system, on receipt of a new destination address
`‘ fun the current terminating switching system, to release the
`liansmission link to that terminating switching system and
`gnlinue call processing using the new destination address.
`uelinilion from Bellcore in reference to its concept of the
`Advanced intelligent Network.
`r
`_
`.
`Muse link Trunk RLT. Telecommunications channel
`used with Centralized Attendant Service to connect attendant-
`segyrng calls from a branch location to a main location.
`(release With Howler It a phone stays off—hook without
`yiginating a call (or the receiver is accidentally knocked off),
`esystem transmits a loud tone over the line and then dis-
`connects the line and the phone. The central office effectively
`an ignores them (the line and the phone) until someone
`"iris the receiver back on-hook again.
`iielialcle Sequencecl Delivery The delivery of a set of
`Protocol Data Unit (PDUs) from a source to a destination with
`oerrors in any PDU,
`in the order transmitted, and without
`gaps or duplicates.
`Reliable Service Area RSA. The area specified by the
`id strength contour within which the reliability of commu-
`=‘_.
`‘cation service is 90 percent for a mobile unit.
`—
`Reliability A measure of how dependable a system is
`once you actually use it. Very different from MTBF (Mean
`(‘me Between Failures). And very different from availability.
`SeMTBF.
`Relief Relief refers to providing additional equipment to
`accommodate growth in customer demand.
`‘ltelocatalale Cocle Machine language programs that can
`reside in any portion of memory.
`rltemailer Remailers are anonymous mail drops that com-
`L outer hackers have set up on the Internet, untraceable elec-
`tronic mail addresses where one can send or receive encrypt-
`oiidala. An article in the October, 1994 issue of High Times,
`asdrug related magazine, offered plans for a similar security
`"system as a remailer, adding one interesting twist. By incor-
`. porating a computer virus like Viper or Decide in thetsysterlrfi,
`0 se -
`the computer could be programmed essentially
`destruct as soon as it detected a security breach, thus render-
`ing it worthless as evidence.
`Remanufactured Equipment, parts and/or systems that
`.liave been repaired and upgraded to the latest higher revision
`level. The remanufacturing process makes the telecom equip-
`,
` ‘iiienl (used or new) into a finished product that is the latest
`E35anm<D cu2Z.
`-1CD33Q.
`.
`y for resale. Remanufactured is the term for
`ring Alfunction of a layer by means of which a lay
`tliehighest level of refurbishing equipment.
`eceives data from a corresponding entity and transmi
`Remapping The practice of redefining the meaning of keys
`other corresponding entity.
`onthe keyboard.
`‘
`se 1. A call comes into a switchboard. The operat
`-Jtemincl Delay The period of time from when a call is put
`)u to tell you it's for you. Then he/she “releases" lli
`‘on hold to when a reminder tone is heard and a message
`you. On most switchboards there's a button labelle
`(appears on the telephone display.
`Thats the release button. On some phones (notcon
`lemislsion IBM-speak to change the mission of a product
`he release button is the “hang—up" button. Hitting thi
`fora aci ity.
`neans disconnecting the call. Be careful.
`7
`‘Reinoclulator in a split broadband cable system, a digital
`inding of an inbound ACD call by hanging up.
`device at the headend that recovers the digital data from the
`aature key on most ACD instruments labelled Release
`inbound analog signal and then retransmits the data on the
`equipment business
`outbound frequency.
`Remote Pertaining to a system or device that is accessed
`i”"0UQh a telephone line. The opposite is local. See Remote
`Access and RAS.
`(Remote Access Sending and receiving data to and from a
`Wllfluter or controlling a computer with terminals or PCs
`connected through communications (i.e. phone) links.
`{Remote Access Concentrator See RAG.