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`Petitioner ARRIS Gro p, IncfsPetitioner ARRIS Gro p, Incfs
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`EXHIBITEXHIBIT
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`» A Flatiron Publishing, Inc. Book
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`Published by Flatiron Publishing, Inc.
`
`Copyright © 1994 by Harry Newton
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`All rights reserved under International and Pan—American Copyright conventions,
`
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form
`whatsoever. Published in the United States by Flatiron Publishing, Inc., New
`York.
`
`ISBN O—936648—60—O
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`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Eighth Edition, November 1994
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`Cover Designed by Saul Roldan
`Printed at Bookcrafters, Chelsea, MI.
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`

`

`NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`electron beam to the front of the tube. The inside front of the tube has been coat-
`ed with fluorescent material which reacts to and lights up once the electron beams .
`hit. CRTs are very reliable if they are vented, since the electron gun gets hot.
`CRTs have a “memory.” They will memorize what’s been left on their screen for a ~
`while, i.e. the image is burned into the screen. And you’ll see it even though thef
`screen is turned off. In short, turn your screen off when you're not using it. Or run '5:
`a “CRT-saving” program which varies the image on the screen.
`
`CA'l'I Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, a market research term for a
`call center based on the use of a computerized database.
`
`CATLAS AT&T software standing for Centralized Automatic Trouble Locating and ..
`Analysis System. CATLAS is used as a maintenance tool for locating and diag :
`nosing problems in AT&T electronic central offices.
`CATV Community Antenna Television or CAble Television. CATV is a broadband
`transmission facility.
`it generally uses a 75-ohm coaxial cable which simultane-
`ously carries many frequency—divided TV channels. Each channel is separated by.;
`guard channels. See ADDRESSABLE PROGRAMMING and BROADBAND.
`
`CAIJ 1. Northern Telecom term for Connection Arrangement Unit. 2. Controlle
`Access Unit. Intelligent Token-Ring hub.
`
`CAVl'I'YAvo|ume defined by conductor-dielectric or dielectric-dielectric reflectiv
`boundaries, or a combination of both, and having. dimensions designed to pro
`duce specific interference effects (constructive or destructive) when excited by a
`electromagnetic wave.
`
`that stands for ‘Citizens Band. Also known a
`CB Why 10-4, good buddy,
`Children's Band, not because of Radio Shack’s toy walkie talkies, but for th
`inane chatter that sometimes goes on in these channels.
`in short, CB is low
`power (up to four WATTS permitted) public radio. You do not need permissio
`from the FCC to transmit or receive at these frequencies. Thus CB's great popu
`larity. CB went through a boom (perhaps a craze?), then it ran out of radio fre
`quencies and public enthusiasm. Its original frequencies were 26.965 to 27.22
`Mhz. Now the FCC’s given it new frequencies — 462.55 to 469.95 MHz. Thes
`new frequencies are much better, clearer and less congested. If you buy a CB se
`make sure you get one that operates in these higher frequencies. In some coun
`tries they use different frequencies. CB radio is not allowed in many countries
`even some civilized countries, though it will obviously work there.
`
`CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service. The European version of SMDS
`A draft standard written by ETSI as a recommendation to ITU-T.
`
`CBEMA Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. A lobbyin
`group created to protect the interests of its members.
`
`CBF Computer Based Fax.
`
`CBK Change BacK.
`
`CBR Constant Bit Rate. It refers to processes such as voice that require a con
`stant, repetitive or uniform transfer of information.
`
`CBTA Canadian Business telecommunications Alliance. The largest organizatio
`of business telecom users in Canada.
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`198
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`NEWTON’ S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`tion is always placed in the same position. And specific bit patterns used for
`control differ dramatically from those used in representing data, so that errors
`are less likely to occur. SDLC and ADCCP are similar protocols. See also
`HIGH LEVEL DATA LlNK CONTROL.
`
`HDMAC Another potential high definition TV standard. HDMAC was spawned by
`Britain’s independent Broadcasting Authority. Unlike Japan’s Hi-Vision, HDMAC
`has the attraction of being compatible with existing TV sets, i.e. those in Europe.
`
`HDSI. High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line. Atechnology to put two-way T-1 on a
`normal unshielded, bridged (but not- loaded) twisted pair (the stuff common in
`local loops) without using repeaters. See also ADSL.
`
`HDT Host Digital Terminal.
`
`en
`Telecommunicatie
`HD'l'P Hoofddirectie
`Telecommunications and Posts, The Netherlands).
`
`Post
`
`(Directorate
`
`for
`
`HDTV High Definition Television. Today’s typical TV set in North America con-
`tains 336,000 pixels. A high definition TV set — one giving at least the definition
`of a movie theater, or 35 mm slide — will require at least two million pixels.
`Researchers are pursuing at least two dozen technologies to achieve this level of
`quality. The ideal HDTV would be flat screen, cheap, reliable and require very lit-
`tle electrical power. One standard, recommending the doubling of the current 525
`lines per picture to 1050 lines and increasing the screen aspect
`ratio
`(widthzheight) from the current 12:9 to 16:9, which would create a television
`screen shaped more like a movie screen. See HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION.
`
`HD Half Duplex circuit.
`
`HDX Half DupleX.
`
`HE See HEAD END.
`
`HEAD A device that reads, writes, or erases data on a storage medium. The
`device which comes in contact with or comes very close to the magnetic stor-
`age device (disk, diskette, drum, tape) and reads and/or writes to the medium.
`In computer devices, it performs the same function as the head on a home cas-
`sette tape recorder.
`r
`
`HEAD END 1 . The originating point of a signal in cable TV systems. At the head-
`end, you’ll often find large tall TV and dish satellite receiving antennae. 2. A cen-
`tral control device required within some LAN/MAN systems to provide such cen-
`tralized functions as remodulation, re-timing, message accountability, contention
`control, diagnostic control, and access.
`
`HEAD THRASHING A term for rapid back and forth movements of the disk
`head ofa hard drive.
`
`HEADER The portion of a message that contains information that will guide the
`message to the correct destination. This information contains such things as the
`sender's and receiver's addresses, precedence level, routing instructions, and
`synchronization pulses.
`
`HEADER ERROR CONTROL A CRC code located in a data cell which is used
`for checking the integrity of the transmission.
`HEADSET A telephone transmitter and receiver assembly worn on the head.
`
`504
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`

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`NEWTON’ S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`LNRII Like New Repair and Update. A term in the industry which repairs telecom
`equipment. It means all equipment is repaired and updated to the current manu-
`facturer’s specifications. New plastic is used to refurbish to a “like new” status.
`Also added are a new coil cord, line cord and address tray. Included is a full diag-
`nostic test with a burn-in (if required) and an operational system test. Definition
`courtesy Nitsuko America. See also REPAIR AND QUICK CLEAN and REPAIR,
`UPDATE AND REFURBISH.
`
`LOA Letter Of Agency. A letter that you give to someone whom you allow to repre-
`sent you and act on your beharf. For example, a letter of agency is used when your
`interconnect company orders lines from your local phone company on your behalf.
`
`LOAD 1.The act of taking a program or data from external storage — a cassette,
`a floppy or hard disk, etc. and storing it in the computer’s main RAM memory. 2.
`The load is any electric or electronic appliance or gadget plugged into an AC elec-
`trical outlet. It completes the circuit from the transformer through the hot conduc-
`tor, to the load, through the neutral conductor and back to the utility transformer.
`See AC, AC POWER, GROUND and GROUNDING.
`
`LOAD BALANCING The practice of splitting communication into two (or more)
`routes. By balancing the traffic on each route, communication is made faster and '
`more reliable. ln telephone systems, you can change phone and trunk termina-
`tions in order to even out traffic on the network. An example: You have a PBX of
`three separate cabinets, each of which are joined by tie lines. Instead of having
`each cabinet serve anyone in the building, you might figure which groups talk to
`each other the most and concentrate them into specific cabinets. The objective is
`to maximize the number of calls that can be handled inside each cabinet and
`
`reduce the number of calls that need to travel between the cabinets. This makes
`
`the calls go faster and reduces the need for inter- cabinet lines.
`In data internetworking, bridges and routers perform load balancing by splitting
`LAN-to-LAN traffic among two or more WAN links. This allows for the combination
`of several lower speed lines to transmit higher speed LAN data simultaneously. In
`local area networking, load balancing is a function performed by token ring routers.
`
`In disk arrays, load balancing means using multiple power supplies within a disk
`array so that powerusage is spread equally across all the power suppIies.The fail-
`ure of one supply will not cause the entire array to fail.
`LOAD COIL An inductor used to increase the inductance of a pair of metal wires
`in a local loop. The use of the inductor improves the voice transmission charac-
`teristics of the loop, but it must be removed if you are running digital signaling (e.g.
`T-1) over the line. See LOADING and LOADING COIL.
`
`.
`
`C, _
`
`LOAD LEVELING Distributing traffic over more than one route.
`LOAD NUMBER Load number is the Canadian equivalent of the U.S. concept of
`Ringer Equivalence. The idea is that each phone or “phone thing” you buy (e.Q—
`answering machine) comes with a number. You add the numbers together and if you
`get above a certain number, you are drawing too much current and none of the bells
`on the phones will ring. In Canada, single line phones are typically rated at ‘I0 f0_F
`the newer ones with electronic “bells" or 20 for the older electro-mechanical ones
`with real metal bells. In Canada, the rule is not more than -100 points on a line. In
`the U.S., phones are typically one and the rule is not more than five points on a line?
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`604
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