BHHI/IKHOHEHI/IIIECKAH CEPI/IH
`
`BHHI/IKJIOHEIII/Ifl
`HI/I3KOTEMHEPATYPHOI/I
`
`IIJIA3MI>I
`
`BBOIleIfi TOM
`III
`
`H011 penaKuI/Ief/i
`aKaIlCMI/IKa
`B. E. (DOPTOBA
`
`
`
`MOCKBA
`
`«HAYKA»
`
`MAI/1K «HAYKA / I/IHTEPHEPI/IOHI/IKA»
`2000
`
`GILLETTE 1110
`
`GILLETTE 1110
`
`

`

`COAEPXAHI/IE
`
`Pasnen VI
`
`|"|J'|A3Mb|
`BSAl/IMOflEVICTBl/IE HI/l3KOTEMI'IEPATyPHOI7I
`C KOHflEHCVIPOBAHHbIM BEMECTBOM,
`rA30M
`l/l SHEKTPOMAFHl/ITHbIM I'IOHEM
`
`BBELEEHI/IE
`
`V1.1. BBAHMOHEFICTBI/IE HJIABMLI C KOHIIEHCI/IPOBAHHBIM BEIIIECTBOM
`
`VI.1.1. OCHOBHLIe HOHSITI/ISI H 3cb<beKTbl 33aHMO—
`nefiCTBrm l'IJIaBMLI c KonnechponaHmM
`BemeC'rBOM ....................................................
`1. BBCJICHHC (7). 2. OCHOBHLIe CBoiICTBa
`TT n m: nonepxnoc'refi 11pm BsanMoneficr-
`131111 c 11mm HTH (7). 3. Hapme’rpm IIOTO-
`KOB qacmn H mgnyqu-mfi, nonanalomnx H3
`IUIa3MLI Ha HOBCPXHOCTI: KOHJICHCPIpOBaH-
`Horo Bemec'rna (8). 4. KnaccmanauwI
`SMKCCHOHHLIX szneImi/i 11a rpaHIme pa3ne-
`na BaKyyM—TT (9) 5. OCHOBHbIe upouec—
`cm, onpenenxmmgne Macc006MeH unas-
`Ma—TIOBCPXHOCTI: (10). 6. Hpoueccm, onpe—
`nenmonme aHeproéaJIch BBaHMOJIefiCTBy-
`mmero c 11112131110171 'IT (11). 7. Smacng c
`HOBerHOCTH chTOHOB (11). 8. Bpoam 11
`Tpch<b0pMa1m51 nonepxnocm B peayana—
`Te IIJIaBMeHHOl‘O 1303;11:110er (12). 9. He-
`yCTofiqHBble IIOBerHOCTI-IO-IIJIaBMeHHLIe
`BSaKMOJIefICTBHH. Bnnxrme MaI‘HI/ITHOI‘O
`1101151 (12).
`‘
`VI.1.2. CT'pOCHHe TBepnmx Ten ............................
`1. MexaTOMHLIe 0351311 (13). 2. CprKTypa
`KpHCTaJ'IJIOB (18). 3. SneKTponfioe C'rpoe—
`H116 TT (21) 4- KOJIGGaHflSI B TI‘ 14 KBaSH-
`‘IaCTI’IIIBI (29)- -5- netbeKTbI KPHCTaJIHH‘IC-
`CKofi CprKTprI. AMopthbIe TeJIa (36).
`VI.1.3. CBofiCTBa TBepIILIX TCII
`...........................
`1. MexaHH'IéCKKe 1/1 Tennocpnanecxne
`cnoficha TT (42). 2. BHeKTpuqecxne, Mar-
`HHTHBIC 14 onTqucxne cnofiCTBa 'IT (45).
`
`7
`
`13
`
`42
`
`VI-1-4- CBOfiCTBa l'PaHI’II-lhl TBePIlhIX TCJI- KOH-
`TaKTHbIe 5113mm .........................................
`1. BBeJIeHHe. Housrme HOBepxnocm (57).
`2. CprKTypa 11 HOTeHImaJIbeIfi penLecp
`I‘paHmlbl TT (57). 3. Pa60Ta Bhlxona H
`3J'I3K'1‘POHHOe CPOHCTBO (61)- 4- KOHTaKT-
`HbIe SIBJICIMH. KOHTaKTHaSI paBHOCTL H0-
`TCHIIHaJIOB (64)- 5- TBPMOJIHHaMHKa 110-
`BerHOCTI/I (66).
`VI.1.5. BHeKTpongle 3M11ccml c 1103er1100111
`TBepJIOI‘O Tena ..............................................
`1. KnaccmbHKanKfl BHJIOB 3MHCCHH (66)-
`2- TCPMO3J'1eKTPOHHa’I 3WCCH5I (67)- 3- (1)0-
`TOSHCKTPOHHEUI 3MHOCK$I (71). 4. HoneBasi
`3MHCCH51 aneKTPOHOB (74). 5. B3pLIBHa$I
`SMHCCHSI aneKTpOHOB (78). 6. BMHcch “1‘0-
`pxm’: SHCKTPOHOB (78). 7. 3K303Muccw1
`(31)-
`V1.1.6. BMEmCIm aneKTpOHOB npn Eamonefic'r—
`131m qac'rnn c nonepxnocrbxo .......................
`1. BToquHaSI 3JICK'I'pOHHa51 3M1>1cc1151 (84).
`2. HOTemmaJIbHasI HOH-3JICKTp0HI-Iafl 3mm-
`c1151 (90). 3. KHHCTIA'LICCKaSI n0H-3neKTp0H-
`Han 3MHcc1151“(91).
`VI.1.7. B3aHM0nefiCTBne c HOBerHOCTbIO Ten-
`HOBLIX aTOMOB 11 11011013 ................................
`1, AKKOMonamm (92)_ 2. Anc0p6un51 (‘133'
`HOMeHonorwI np0uecc03) (93). 3_ (bumme—
`CKHC SIBJICHPIH 11pm ancopéulm (MOJICJILI-IOC
`ormcaHne) (95). 4. Honepxnocmafl 110H113a-
`111151. I/IcnapeHHe coGCTBeHHbIX aTOMOB (98).
`
`57
`
`66
`
`84
`
`92
`
`

`

`V1.1.8. BHenpeHHe, OTanCHKC H CTnMme—
`pOBaHHaSI necopGImSI qacmu .......................
`1. BBCJleHI/Ie (100). 2. HOTeHuHanBI HapHO—
`r0 BBaHMOHCfiCTBHfl qacmu; c aTOMaMH cpe-
`an (100). 3. TOPMOXCHIIIC aTOMHBIX qacrun
`(101). 4. HpoGem aTOMHBIX qacmu B B0—
`mCCTBe (101). 5. OTpaerpIe qacmn; (103).
`6. flec0p6uua non IlefICTBI/ICM paaanHBIx
`KOMIIOHCHTOB Ima3MBI (108).
`V1.1.9. BaXBaT I‘aBOBLIX PIOHOB n ux BLIJICJIeHl/Ie
`1. BBeneHHe (109). 2. 3KCIICpI/IMCHTEUIB-
`HLIe Ha6n10neHmi
`(109). 3. <I>H3qucxne
`nponeccm npn HOHHOM BHCJIpCI-IPIH rasa
`(112). 4. Monenn mu ouncamm HOHHOFO
`BHCJIPCHPISI ra3a (114). 5. qECJ'ICHHLIC upo-
`I‘paMMH (116).
`V1.1.10. PaanIJIeHHe ............................................
`
`100
`
`109
`
`117
`
`1. BBBJICHPIC (117). 2. OCHOBHBIe 3aBncn-
`MOCTI/I KoaqatbmmeHTa paanIJIeHwI (117).
`3. XapaKTepuc'rHKn paanmeHHBIx qacrml
`(119). 4. 3KcnepnM6HTanBHme MCTOJILI
`1/13yIIeHmI paanmeHHH (120). 5. TeopeTn—
`‘ICCKHC Monenn paanIJIeHna (121). 6. He—
`Tp anmmormme MCXflHH3MbI paCIILIJICHHSI
`(125).
`V1.1.11. MonanIzIKamm IIOBCpXHOCTH TBepJILIX
`TCJI 11pm HOHHOM n IIJIa3MeHHOM Boaneficr-
`BHI/I .................................................................
`
`126
`
`1. BBeneHHe (126).. 2. PaBBHTHe HJIH chIa—
`)KuBaI-me penbqua IIOBCpXI-IOCTH 3a 0161‘
`Heonnoponnocm paanIJIeHm paanqHBIx
`
`ee y‘IaCTKOB (126). 3. Pa3BHTHC pCJILqua
`KaK cnenchne paJIHaIlI/IOHHO-CTHMYJII/Ipo-
`BaHHBIx l'IpOLICCCOB B O6’beMC TT (129).
`
`V1.2. HJIA3MA C KOHJIEHCI/IPOBAHHOIZ <I>A301;I
`
`V1.2.1. HpHHOBerHOCTHaa JIa3epHa51 nJIa3Ma
`1. BBCJICHPIC (138). 2. HarpeB MHIHCHPI na-
`3epHLIM I/IBJIy‘IeHPICM (139). 3. OGpasoBa-
`HHC 11.1111 B HP B napora30BB1x cmecax
`(143). 4. O6pa30BaHne IIJIaBMLI B mnponn—
`HaMI/I‘ICCKOM pexnme 11pm HaannH 3p03u-
`OHHOI‘O (baKena (146). 5. 3aKJ110quHe
`(149).
`V1.2.2. <I>0T0p630HaHCHa$I IIJIa3Ma .......................
`1. .BBenerme (149). 2. MCTOIILI nonyqemm
`n HCCJ'ICIIOBaHHSI <I>PH (150). 3. BHCMCHTap-
`HLIC npoueccm B cbOTopeBOHaHCHofi name
`(152). 4. KI/H-ICTEKa 06paBOBaHHH H pa3py-
`meHmI (po'ropeaoHchnofi
`I'IJIaBMLI
`(155).
`
`138
`
`149
`
`5. HpHMeHeHHa ¢0T0p63OHaHCHOfi unaBMBI
`(157).
`V1.2.3. HLIJICBaSI IIJIaBMa ......................................
`
`160
`
`1. BBeneHer (160). 2. 06pa30BaHHe PI 3a-
`pSIJIKa HBIJICBBIX qac'rI/Iu B l'IJIaBMe (161).
`3. BBaI/IMOJICfiCTBI/Ie HBIJIeBBIx ‘IaCTI/ILI c
`BHemHHMH l'IOJISIMI/I n memy c060171 (164).
`4. Henneanhnoc'rb aneBofi l'IJ'Ia3MbI H (ba—
`30BBIe HepexonBI (166). 5. BonHBI 'B HBIJIe-
`Bofi nna3Me 6e3 MaFHHTHOI‘O 1101151 (169).
`6. Hnarnoc'mxa aneBBIx qac'mu B Imaa-
`Me (172). 7. 3KcnepHM6HTaJIBHBIe Hccne—
`JIOBaHI/ISI cnnBHonenneanBHofi nBIJIeBofI
`nna3MBI n nBIJIeBoro KpHCTaJIJIa (177).
`
`V1.3. SIBJIEHI/ISI HA I‘PAHI/ILIE HJIA3MA—I‘A3
`
`BBCJICHI/Ie ...............................................................
`V1.3.1. I/IOHH3y10mne ynapHBIe BOJIHBI ................
`1. B03HHKH0BeHBe H c'rpyKTypa ynapHBIX
`BOJIH B ra3ax (183). 2. YCTaHOBJIeHHe
`MaKCBeJIJIOBCKOI‘O
`pacnpeneneHHa
`(184). 3. BOBGYXJICHHC BpaIlIaTeJILHLIX
`CTeneHefi CB06011B1 (186). 4. KHHeTI/IKa
`KoneGaTenbnofi
`penaKcamm (187).
`5. KHHeTPIKa III MexaHH3MLI nnccounaunm
`
`MoneKyn 33 YB (188). 6. MexaHnsMBI
`nonnzaunn ram 33 ynapHBIMB BonHaMn
`(191).
`
`V1.3.2. POJIB nepeHoca H3queHHSI B (popano-
`BaHI/IH H pacnpOCTpaHeHnH chBHBIX HOHI/I-
`symmnx ynapHBIx BOJ'IH ................................
`1. Pom, nepeHoca nsnyqenna B (bopMI/Ipo—
`BaHpm- CHJIBHBIX ynapHBIx 30111!
`(194).
`2. Pacnpenenem/Ie napaMeTpOB B HpeKyp—
`copHOfi 30He cnnBHofi ynapHOfi BOJIHLI
`(196). 3. BJIMHHC nepenoca Hanyqenufi Ha
`
`182
`183
`
`194
`
`pacnpOCTpaHeHne CHJIBHBIX normsymnmx
`ynapHBIx BOJIH B KaHanax (197).
`V1.3.3. HnaaMeHHaa 06'onqua, Boannxalomaa
`npn IIBHXCHHH KOCMH‘ICCKI/IX almapaTOB B
`aTMocrbepe ...............................................
`1. HapaMeprl ImaBMBI B ynapHO-Harpe-
`TOM cnoe B0prr 06TeKaeM0r0 Tena (199).
`2. Onepexalomaa (harm/1014333311151 B0311y-
`xa nepen (prHTOM r0JIOBHofi YB (202).
`3. CprKTypa Cpr'PI IIpOJIYKTOB cropamm
`)KPII (203). 4. HepaBHOBeCHafi peKOMGH-
`Hanna 030601111le aneKTpOHOB B CBer-
`3ByK0Bofi Cpre IIpOJIYKTOB CI‘OpaHI/Ifi
`(204).
`VI.3.4. PeKOM5PIHaIII/IOHHLIC uponeccm Ha rpa-
`Hnue pa3neJIa nna3ma—ra3 ......................
`
`1. BBelICHI/Ie (206). 2. YpaBHeHm Monenn
`06paSOBaHH$I IUIaBMeHHOI‘O KaHaJIa (206).
`3. OCHOBHbIe aneMeHTapHBIe npoueccm
`(207). 4. XapaKTepHCTHKH I'ma3MeHHOI‘O
`KaHana (211).
`
`199
`
`206
`
`VII
`
`

`

`V1.1. B3AI’IMOIIE171CTBHE l'IJ'IABMbI C KOHJIEHCI/IPOBAHHLIM BELLIECTBOM
`
`117
`
`S = 4717'D[u(w - y) -— N§y exp (—Eb/kT)].
`311001. 11 — K03110111pau1151 1111111111y111111py10111010 1a3a, y — K011-
`110111pa111151 3 1101110111“, 111 — K0H110111pa111151 caM11x 110111011103,
`(,9 — npo¢111111 TopMOXBHPBI 1101103, 5 — 01011 3 1101110111111, 1 ——
`31111110111131131171 pannyc netbeKTa, N — a10M11a51 n1101110011> TT,
`5 —— x1110110 303Mox1-131x M001 3 1107130ny111111 130pr1 110cpeK1a.
`B cnyqae JIHCIthpyalrIH B M11010011011110171 01py1<1ype paccma—
`1p113a01051 1111111cpy31151 3 Kame 01100, a 1103110an1111 11a t‘pa—
`111111ax pa311011a 03113313310101 qepe3 pa0130p11Moc111. BH011111111"1
`1101011111111 063111110 6ep01051 113 HCBaBHCI/IMLIX pa0q0103. BHy—
`1pe1111111‘1 CTOK 3 110(11011111 00010111 113 1111yx 111101103: 11111111111
`31101111010 11p11101<a 3 1101110111111 11 TepMuqecKH 111111 p31111au11-
`011110 aKTHBprCMOPO 311x011a 113 HHX. 3101 1110 qneH B ypaB-
`110111111 1111111111y31111 0n110313a01 11 0K0p0011 HaKOHJ'leHflfl
`'-1a01111.1
`3 1101110KTax-1103y11111ax. 061111110 pa00Ma1p113a01051 11001101111110
`111n03 110111011103 0 pa3JIH‘1HbIMI/I 3110p11151M11 0311311 11 K01111011-
`1pa111151M11, H0 31111110 CTOK 3a11110a11 111151 01111010 11111a 110111011103.
`B 1pa1111q311x y011031151x 3a11110313a01051 6a11a110 11010Ka 1111111111}
`31111 11 noroxa necop6111111. Hpennonara01051, 1110 Memy KOH-
`ueHTpaunzMH 11a n030px1100111 TH“ 11 11011 11011 61101p0 y01a-
`Hann113a01051 1101131131100 pa3110300110, 1.11.
`11p11 npaBHanOM
`33160p0 Koscpcpnuneflm nponopu11011a1131100111 Memy 3THMPI
`KOHHCHTpaHHfiMI/l CKOpOCTb necop6u1111 np0n0p1111011a111>11a KBa-
`11pa1y 0610M110171 K011110111pa111111 361111311 11030px1100111. K03111—
`cb1111110H1 11p0110p1111011a1111100111, Ha3313a0MLIfi anQJCKTHBHbIM
`K031111111II1110H10M p0KOM61111a111111, 111160 33133035101051 a11a11111'11-
`11001111, 111160 113M0p5101051 3K0n0pnM01-11a111110. Kp0M0 11000p6-
`1.11111 310p010 110p5111Ka, 3 1pa1111q11310 y011031151 MOXCT 330-
`111111051 101111032111 11 pannaunonno-CTHMynnpOBaHHaa 11000p6-
`1.11111, a 1am1<0 necop6111m n0p3010 nopsmxa.
`KOMIIBIOTCPHLIC l'lpOI‘paMMBI n033011111111 onncaTb 6011311100
`1101111100130 pa311006pa31111x 3KCIIepPIMeHTOB 110 11011110My B110-
`11p0111110 ra3a (p110.VI.1.308, V1.1.309).
`Hena6ex11a51 npo—
`6110Ma — 6011111100 1101111100130 napaM01p03, KOTOpLIC l1a01‘0
`1
`-1
`
`j, 1013 0M"2 ' c‘
`
`j, 1013 0M“2 ~ 0
`
`
`
`400
`
`600 T,K
`
`0
`
`6
`
`12
`
`t,1020
`
`P110. V1.1.308. Tepmonecopfimlonflufi Cl'lCKTp D, 31101111033010 11p11 1101111011 60M-
`6ap1111p03x0 3 W np11 473 K; 10111111 — axcnepnmel-n'; 1111111111 — pacqe'r np11
`paannqnux cxopocmx npo1133011013a 110111011103 so 3peM51 1101111010 1111er0111151
`P110. VI11.309. P03M11001111 nefi‘repna 30 3p0M51 1101111010 ofinyqenm; 1031111 —
`axcnepmem', 1111111111 — pac-101- npn paanmnux 31111011115111 Maxcumanbflofi x011-
`uem‘paunn nethemos, l'lpOHSBOJIHMbIX 11p11 0611yr10111111
`
`3011330011111 110 onbn'a 11 33101y113101 3 1111001130 11011011011—
`HLIX. 110310My 111111 601100-M0H00 HaneXHoro 3316opa napawte-
`1p03 11p03011111011 0111103p0M011110 0n110a11110 1100110113101); 3K0—
`n0p11M011103. B 3TOM 011y1-1a0 11p01133011 3 31.160p0 napaM01p03
`011111110 01pa11111011. 3111 HapaMCprI, 011p0110110111-Ible 113 31(0110-
`pmeHTa, M0)K.H0 3a10M 110n0111303311, 111151 npencxasanm 11030-
`11011111 11011110-311011p01-111010 133a 3 11py111x y011031151x.
`B 3aK1110'10H110 01M011IM, I110 K Ha01051memy 3p0M0H11 Ha-
`KOI'IJ'leI-IO 6011311100 1101111100130 3Mn11p11q001<011 11111110pMa111111 0
`311011p0111111 1101103 3 TT. B 11p00101711u11x Monenmmx c111ya-
`unax axcnepnMenTanbnble 3aK0110M0p1100111 3001Ma n0115111131
`9*
`
`1/1 PIX 11a010 y11a01051 XOPOHIO 0111101113 MaTeMaTI/I‘ICCKPI. Oll-
`HaKO (11113111100Ka11'11ap1‘11Ha HBIICHI/Ifl 11a010 0K33313a01‘c51 cy-
`UICCTBCHHO CHOXHCC,
`‘ICM TC 11p01101a3110111151, KOTOphIC PIMB-
`101051 3 Ha0105111100 3peM11.
`I/IM001011 M11010 tbamon, K010p110
`110 115111011511 06151011031191, 11 M11010 cpaKTOPOB, KOTOpLIC 1py11110
`11p01131111011. H03TOMy npax1111001<110 npe1101<a3a111151 l'IOBCJIC-
`HHS]
`I/IOHHO-BHBIIPCHHOI‘O 1a3a ILJ'ISI KOHKPCTHBIX TBXHI/I‘ICCKI/IX
`np11Me1101111171 1pe6y101 0010p01111100111.
`1. McCracken G.M. The Behaviour of Surfaces under Ion Bombardment.
`
`2. Ozawa K.,
`P.241—327.
`1975. V38.
`Reports on Progress in Physics.
`Fukushima K., Ebisawa K. Data Compilation for Radiation Effects on Hydrogen
`Recycle in Fusion Reactor Materials. Preprint JAERI-M 84—089, 138 p. 3. Ya-
`maguchi S., Ozawa K., Nakai Y., Sugizaki Y. Data on Trapping and Reemission
`0f Energetic Hydrogen Isotopes and Helium in Materials. Preprint JAERI-M
`84-093, 59 p. 4.
`Pa1111au1101111a51 010171110011. ma10p11a1103. HpofineMu 10111111 11
`nonopona 3 peaKTOpx-Iblx ma'repuanax. PedaepaT. c6. / 11011 p011. A.B.I.I.Ia.ns1103a
`11 B.A.Kan1111a. u M.: MLIHTI/I, 1986.
`114 e. 5. Hucapee AA, Hepuuxoe
`B.H. Baaumoneficnme nonopona c pannaunonHuMn netheKTaMH 3 M013111121x / B
`1111. BaauM0110171013110 Bonopona 0 11012111111111“. — M.: Hayxa, 1987. 0233—264.
`
`6. Wilson K.L.. Hydrogen and Helium Trapping. Nuclear Fusion, 1984. Special
`.Issue, p.28-42.
`
`© A.A. Hucapee
`
`VI.1.10. Pacnbmemle
`
`1. Beebeuue. Kamobnoe pacnbuzenue, cefiqac ‘13]116 1121311-
`BaeMoe npocro pacnbmeyuem, — 310 paspyuIeHne Ma10p11a-
`1103 yCKOpeHHbIMH HOHaMH 111111 a10MaM11, K010p00 nponcxo11111
`3 1111110 a10M03 111111 pexe a10M1111x 1:11a010p03 111111 MoneKyn.
`001103110171 xapaK10p11011111011 pacn3m0111151 513115101051 mumm-
`11110111 pa0111>1110111151 Y, onp011011510M31171 KaK 01110111011110 qncna
`paanmeHme a10M03 MHIJJCHH K 1111011y 60M6ap1111py1011111x 110-
`1103 (a10M03). Koacpcbnunem pacnbmeH1151 3a13110111 01 31111a
`1101103 (010 a10M11010 Homepa Z1 11 maccm Mi), 3110p11111 8 11
`yrna 1121110111151 6 1101103, a Taxxe 01 M310p11a11a 11 10Mnepa1yp31
`M1111101111.
`
`V1110300 pacnp011011011110 Y(6,<p) 11 3110p1011111001<00 pac-
`11p011011011110 paCl'ILUICHHbIX aTOMOB SIBJ'ISIIOTCSI TaKXC BaHGIBIMI/I
`xapaKTepHCTHKaMPI pacnmnenm.
`
`2. Ocuoeuue 3aeucu1uocmu xoa¢4myueuma pacnwte-
`11ml. H1151 HOpMaJIbHO nana1011111x 1101103 ( = 0) 0611111171 xapax-
`10p 3a311011M00111 K03¢1¢JI111110H1a pacnbmeH1151 Y 01 3H0pr1111
`1101103 8, aTOMHbIX 110M0p03 Z1, Za 11 Macc Mi, Ma 1101103 11
`310M013 M1111101111, a 1310110 01 3110p11111 0351311 U 11030px110011111x
`a10M03 xopomo n0p011a01051 11130010171 3Mn11p11'100110171 cpopMy-
`110171 (p110. V1.1.310):
`
`(10.1)
`
`
`5
`20 2
`2 M
`Y = — - —,
`U 2‘ 25 Ma (1: + 5021292 ’
`1110 8 11 U 311pa11<01131 3 SE, a Y — 3 a1./11011. MaKcmanbanx
`31121qu11171 11031111111111110111 pacnbm0111151 11001111301 np11 3110p11151x
`8 = E = 50ZiZa 3B. 111151 1101111111 11011013 (H, D, H0) Em 00-
`01213115101 0,5—10 QB, 21 Y(£m) z 10‘3 — 10—2 a1./11011. 111151
`1511110113111 1101103 MaK011MyM 8m 01131111y1 3 010p011y 601133111X
`snepmfi, a Y(£m) 11001111301 anaqennfi 2 10 a1./11011. Hp11
`601111111111 3Hep11151x4z,‘ >> SOZiZa 3B) chopMyna 11a01 3a311—
`CHMOCT]: Y N 1/8, 0111121110 aKcnepuM0111311311110 3a311011M00111
`Y(£) nque 00111acy101051 0 601100 1011110171 100p1101‘1, no KOTO-
`p011 Y N 1n(8)/E. Hp11 Ma1131x 9110p11151x 5 < EiOZiZa 3B
`Y, 00111a0110 (10.1),
`1111110171Ho p30101 c p0010M 3110p11111 8.
`310 11011130p11<11a01051 3K0110p11M0111a111110 111111 11111101131111 1101103
`11p11 auepmsx 100 3B g 8 g 500 SE, a 111151 1101K11X 110H03 3
`
`

`

`118 P. VI. B3AI/IMOIIEI71CTBI/IE I'U'IA3MLI C KOHJIEHCI/IPOBAHHBIM BELLIECTBOM, TA3OM H BHEKTPOMAFHHTHBIM HOIIEM
`
`auaquHz xoacpcpnunema paCI'IBIJTeHHH HMem MHmeHH H3 aTo-
`MOB c HezanonHeHHHMH aneKTpOHHbIMH oéonquaMH: C, Ti, V;
`l'IOTOM Zr, Mo H Nb, 3aTeM Ta H W. MaKCHMaJILHBIC Kombqu-
`HHCHTH paCI'IBUICI-IHH y 6narop011Hbe MeTamIOB Cu, Ag H Au.
`
`Y, 10‘2 aux/Hon
`
` 0
`
`10
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`50’
`
`60
`
`70
`
`80
`
`Za
`
`PHc. V1.1.311. 3aBHCHMOCTb KoatdeHuHema paCflbUleHHfi or aromloro Homepa
`pacnbmxeMorp anemefi'ra npu oGnyquHH HonaMH rams c snepmeil 400 3B
`
`I'IpH 6011mm); 1103ax oényquHa Ha6n1011aeTcs1 TaKxe ne-
`pHoanecxafl 3aBHCHM0crL. Y 0T Z1. MaKCHManLHoe paCl'ILI-
`neHHe BbI3bLBaJOT HOHBI 6naropommx r3303. HepHoanecxas;
`3aBPICPIMOCTb Y 01‘ Z ofimcuze’rca H3M6HeHHeM XHMH‘ICCKOIO
`cocmsa nonepxnocmoro c1105 MHmeHH an BHereHHH 60M-
`6ap11pr10me PIOHOB H YMBHBUJCHI/IBM aneerH CBSBId nosepx-
`110011-1be aTOMOB.
`
`MCHLIJICM HHTepBane 3116er11 HpH MeHLnIHx suepmzx 3aBH-
`CHMOCTL Y(£) HenHHeHHaa H moxeT 65m: annpOKCHMHPOBaHa
`prrofi BMHHquecon (popmynofiz
`
`y_11,3u10—8 i "4 Pg 7/2 ,\— 4M1Ma
`‘ MaA5/3
`at,
`5
`’ _(Mi+Ma)2'
`(10.2)
`BHepma 5t, Hasbmaercz noporoBoH aHeerefi pacnbmeHHa.
`Hepexon OT 3aBHCHMOCTH, oanmBaeMOH chopmynofi (10.2), K
`3aBHCHM0cm (10.1) nponcxonHT mm 8 z 20 8". Known mm—
`mm; '{TO a6comomoro nopora pacnbmenm HeT, TCM He MCI-Ice
`Eu HMCeT CMBICJ’I xaK napame'rp, onnanH B (popMyJIy (10.2),
`
`Y, aT./H0H
`
`101
`
`10‘3
`
`10-2
`
`B cnyqae pacnbmeHHH CI‘UIaBOB mm coenHHeHHH, co-
`CTomuHx H3 pasHbe aTOMOB, MOXHO B nepBOM anfinH-
`XCHPIPI chonL3OBaTL CPCJIHPIC 311316111451
`(Za) H (Ma) B
`cpopmynax 111151 Y,
`a 3Hep—
`A(111)
`rmo c3513H nonaraTb paBHOH
`anepmH aTOMH3auHH. Ho, BO—
`ofime rosopa, 3Ha‘ICHPISI U M0-
`ryT 6er}. [33311le mm paaublx
`KOMIIOHCHT CHOXHBIX coenHI-xe-
`
`HHH. Kpome Toro, cnoxmme
`MHuIeHH, xaK Hanpnmep CTaJIH,
`MoryT
`cocmsm: H3 pasuux
`(baa. 3KcnepHMeHTaIILHo o61-1a-
`pyXHBaCTCfl
`npeHMymecheH-
`Hoe paCHBIJIeI-IPIC JICFKHX KOM-
`HOHeHT.
`OéezmeHHe HpHno—
`Bepxuocmoro c.1105 011110171 H3
`KOMl'IOHeI-IT HpPIBOIIPIT K 11sz-
`(by3HH aToH KOMHOHeHTm H3
`rny6HI-ILI MHmel-IH.
`JIM poCTannHHCCKHx MH-
`meHefi
`(bHBHKa
`ropasno 60-
`raqe. HpH pacnbmeHHH coenH—
`HeHHH A3B5 (HaanMep, InSb,
`erIOBOM pacnpeneneHHH
`GaAs) ofinapyoxe'HoAyaBanHe B
`paCl'IBUIBHHBIX KOMI'IOHCHT A H B (pHc.VI.1.312).
`KpOMe
`Tom, B npouecce paCIIBUIeI-IHSI np0cho11H'r nepecrpofixa (pe~
`KOHCprKIIPISI) nosepxuocm, KOTopaa 0mm. )Ke paquHa 111151
`r'paHeH KOMIIOHeI-IT A H B; OTHOCHTCJILHBIC KoacpcpHuHeHTLI
`paCHBDTeHHSI KOMI'IOHCHT A H B 11.1151 pa3HbIX r'paHefi MOHOKpH-
`craJma (HaanMep, InSb) H mm IIOJ'IPIKpPICTaJ'UIa paanHHI-ILI.
`
`[110]
`
`[111]
`
`[113]
`
`0
`
`—40 —20
`
`40
`20
`<1, FPall
`Pm. V1.1.312. Ymosoe pacnpenene—
`Hue B unocxocm (110)
`aTOMOB Sb
`H aTomoa In, pacflbUIBHHBIX c rpm-1H
`(111) MOHOKPHCTaJma InSb
`
`[110]
`—40 —20
`
`[111]
`0
`
`Sb
`
`[113]
`40
`
`20
`
`In
`
`10-4
`
`100
`
`1o1
`
`102
`
`103
`
`104
`
`30, 3B
`PHc. V1.1.310. 3aBHCHMOCTb K03¢¢Huuema paCIIbUIeHHfl Hepxaaelomefi CTaJIH
`0T ax-IepI'HH HOHOB ma pay-151x HOHOB; KpHBbIe — pacwe‘r no ¢opMyne ( 10.1),
`1‘0qu — axcnepHMem
`
`KOTopafl xopomo aanOKCHMpreT 3KcnepHM6HTanLHme naH—
`HLIe BIIJ'IOTL 110 3HaquHI7I Y m 10‘5 aT./H0H. Hocxonmcy Ta-
`KHM Maan paCHBUIeHPICM MOXHO upeHe6peqb, T0 npaKTqu-
`CKH M0)KHO 1'10J'IL3OBaTLCSI HOHSITHSM nopora paCHLDICHHH Eu.
`Hopor pacubmeHHa 3aBHCHT OT BHCPIHH paanmeHHH H 0T co-
`omomeHHx Mace Mi/Ma. BMHHquecxoe coomomeHHe
`U
`M1< , Ma:
`——
`0 3
`“p“
`A(1~A)
`8U (Mi/Ma)” an Mi 2 0, 3M;
`
`(10.3)
`
`5n:
`
`H
`8tr(U)
`3aBHCHMOCTPI
`nepenae'r
`yIIOBIICTBopHTeJ'ILHO
`£tr(Mi/Ma) H nosnonxeT. oneHHTL' anaHeHHe nopora pacnm—
`JICHHfi c TO‘IHOCTBIO 110 cpaKTopa 2.
`3aBHCPIMOCTL KoatbtpHHHeHTa paanmeHHH 0T MaTepHana
`MHmeHH Hpozme'rcx, BO-HepBLIX, a 3aBHCHMOCTH 0T Maccm H
`aTOMHOI‘O Homepa aTOMOB MHmeHH, a Bo-BTopLIx, B 3aBHCHMo—
`CTI/I 0T sl-IeerH CBSIBH U, KO’I‘OpaSI 061,1qu uonaraeTca pan-
`H0171 aueerH cy6nHManHH, omeceHHoH K onHOM'y aTOMy. 1'10-
`01(01be sneerx cy6nnmauHH HMCCT nepHonHHeCKHH xapaK-
`Tep 3aBHCHMOCTH 0T 2;, T0 aaBHCHMocrb Y(Za) TamKe HMe'eT
`nepHoHquCKHfi xapaKTep.
`l'IqueM MHHHmy U (Z3) coor-
`BeTCTByeT MaKCHMyM Y(Za) (pHc.VI.L311). MHHPIMaJIBHLIC
`
`

`

`V11.
`
`. B3AHMOHEfiCTBHE l'UIA3MbI C KOHHEHCI/IPOBAHHBIM BELLIECTBOM
`
`119
`
`Koatpqmunem pacnbmenna Y npn O < 0 g 70° paCTeT c
`pOCTOM 0 npnénnsmenbno KaK
`
`Y ~ cos—" 0,
`
`me u menacrca B sanncnmocm 0T snepmn n Bma MOI-Ia B
`umepnane 1 < 1/ < 2 (pnc.VI.1.313).
`l'IpH 0 z 70 — 80°
`Y(6) nocmrae'r MaKCHMWa H 321mm yfibmaeT c yBeaneHHeM
`0, two oéycnosneno mpaerHeM HOHOB 0T nonepxnocm npn
`CKonbaxmeM 113116111414 Ha Hee. Omomeuue Ymax/Y(0) RM
`5011me, mm 6011me anepma Box-Ia B meHLme ero macca.
`
`Y(9)/Y(0)
`
`Y, amt/HOB
`
`0
`
`20
`
`40
`
`60 6,rpa,t|
`
`0
`
`20
`
`40
`
`0,1'pan
`
`PHC. V1.1.313. HpHBeBCHI-lblfi Koacpcpuuncm pacnmeum HHKeJIx KaJc cpyHK-
`xma yma nauenmx HOHOB H+, D+ H He+ c anepmsmu 1, 4 n 8 KaB
`Pun. V1.1.314. 3aBPICHMOC'l‘h Koemuunex-rra paanmeHaa monoxpncramxa Cu,
`[pans (100), or yrna Bauer-ma nor-103 Ar+ c snepruei‘x 27 MB; TO‘HCH —— exone-
`pmem, KpHBafl — pac'ie'r no Teopun npoapan-xocm
`
`B cnyqae Monoxpncranna 3a3ncnmoc1‘b Y(0) He MOHOTOHHaSIZ
`Ha KpnBofi Y(6) Haémonam'rcx MHHHMyMLI, Korna nyqox Ho-
`HOB opHeI-xmponafl mom: momoynaxonannmx HanpaBneI-mfi
`(puc.VI.1.314). Toma norm, nonaBmue B KpHCTaJ'UI memy
`aTOMHLIMH panama, nBnyTcsI, He HCHLITBIBaSI anIBHLIx CTOJIK-
`Hosefinfi c aromaMM MHmeHn PI He BBBLIBaSi pacnbmeme.
`11pm TeMncpaType MCHbme
`Y, aT./HOH
`T1 Koetiotpnuuem Y HpaK'TH-
`qecm He 3aBHCHT 0T Temne-
`
`paTypBI, 3 11pm T m T1 113‘“!-
`mm 6BICTpo pacm C pOCTOM
`TeMnepaTypBI (pnc. V1.1 .3 15).
`TeMnepaTypa T1 HHOI‘JIa onpe-
`nenae'rca smnnpuquKHM co-
`OTI-IomeHueM T1
`= 0,7
`Tm, me Tm — TeMHepaTypa
`manna-ma, xom B HeKOTo-
`
`
`
`73°C
`900
`700
`pux cnyqazx, Hanpnmep mm
`PHc. V1.1.315. 3213140141140ch Koadacbu-
`011033, T1 > Tm-
`JIPY‘
`uuel-rra pacnmem menu, 60M6ap-
`roe BMIIHPH'ICCKOC COOTI-Iome-
`nnpyemoix HOHaMPI Ar+ c anepmefi
`HHe T1 = U/40k (k _ IIO-
`400 BB,
`01 Temneparypu:
`I —
`CTOSIHI—I
`13011
`a) T M
`ancK'rponumquKaa M61111, 2 —— KaTa-
`as
`buMflH '
`e '
`nepaTypa T1 cna60 321314ch or m mu, 3 — MOHOKpHCTaJm menu,
`mama, anepmn n IDIOTHOC'I‘H rpm (101)
`TOKa HOHOB.
`
`H3MCHCHHC TCMl'Iepa’I'prI MHIJICHH moxe'r anBOlIPITL K
`mmenenmo ee (basonoro COCTaBa,
`‘11‘0 B CBOIO oqepenb mm—
`ae'r Ha pacnbmerme. Tax, Hanpnmep, nonfloe oénytleHHe no-
`nynponoanKon npn Temnepa'rype HI/DKC HeKOTOpofi Kplmaqe-
`CKofi Ta (sanncxmefi o‘r BHJIa nona) npnBonnT K mop¢n3aunn
`
`[152]
`
`
`
`nosepxnocm I'IOHyTIpOBOJII-IHKa. Hpn TeMHepaType BLIIIIC Ta,
`Ha6monae'rcx
`saBnchOCTB
`Y, aT./KOH
`Y 0T yrna naueHua HOHOB,
`7
`xapaKTepHas mm MOI-{ORPH-
`C'raJma, a npn T < Ta 3Ta
`3a3nch0<rrB umeer MOHO-
`TOHHBIfi xapaKTep, KaK 111151
`66CCprKrypHofi
`MHmeHn
`(pHc.VI.1.316).
`3TOT ne-
`pexon ocymecrme'rca B zlo-
`BOJ'IBHO y3Kofi o6nacm TeM-
`nepaTyp.
`(beppowlame'mKOB
`Y
`1361114314 Tquu Klopn Ha6mo-
`naercx III/IK006pa31-Iblfi CKa-
`HOK Koatbtimuuefl'ra pacnm-
`HGHKSI Ha KpnBofi TeMne-
`paTypHofi
`SaBPICHMOC'I'H Ko—
`—10 O 10 20 30 40 9,rpa11
`3(13CIJHHHCHT3
`pacnbmcnna
`7
`.
`.
`.
`-
`Pnc. V1.1.316. Banncnmocn mamm-
`‘(pI/IC VI 1 31 )’
`‘{T0
`061)
`1.114ch11 pacnbmenmi xpeMHna 01 yma
`flCHfleTCfl MMHHCM CHHH'
`saBucamnx HOl'IpaBOK K BBa— 118.11ch HOHOB Ar+ (30 x33) Ha l'pal-IL
`HMonefiCTBmo aTOMOB, KOTO-
`(111); BpameHHe BOKPYF 0014
`[1121:
`TCMHHB prXKH — KPHCTHHHH‘IBCKEH
`p516 H3MeI-I5110T ancprmo cyfi-
`nonepxnocn (T=600 °C), cne'rnnxe —
`HHMaIIHH H HOTCHHHHJI B3331-
`amopdmaa noaepxnoc'rb (T = 200 °C)
`Moneficmm aTOMOB.
`
`6
`
`5
`
`3
`
`2
`
`Y, aT./HOH
`
`3,5
`
`3,0
`
`2,5
`
`2,0
`
`200
`
`300
`
`400 T, °C
`
`5*; , 10‘3 0TH. en.
`25
`°
`
`1
`
`20 40 60 80 100
`
`3, 3B
`
`15
`
`5
`
`0
`
`Pnc. VI.1.317. 3aBHCHMOCTb KoathpHunel-na Bacnbmeflm rpm-m (001) Ni 01
`Temncparypu npu 60M6apmaponxq HOHaMH Ar
`(20 K33)
`Pnc.VI.1.318.3Hepremqecmfi CfleKTp pacnhmeuuux aromoa. Tamanoaaa MH-
`meHh pacnbme’rcz nonaMn ueam c anepmefi 1200 (Kpnnaa 1) 14 2150 3B (KpH-
`Baa 2)
`
`3. Xapaxmepucmuxu pacnwteuuux uacmuq. 3Hepre'm-
`qecmfi cneKTp pacnbmennmx aTOMOB dY/dé' (pnc.VI.1.318)
`HmeeT maKcm/ryM an 6' x U. I'Ipn anepmsx 8 > UdY/dé' ‘~
`8“”, me u z 2. Bblcoxoauepremqnmfi XBOCT oneKTpa, a
`Tame cpenm aHepma (S) pacnbmennmx aTOMOB paCTeT npu
`yBenmIeHnu anepmn HOHOB 8. Cpemma snepmn (8) 1303-
`paCTaeT Tame npn yBequeHnu yrna nanenns 1401103 9 n yrna
`BbIJ'IeTa paCHLIJ'ICI-IHHX aTOMOB u (0 H u OTC‘IHTLIBaIOTCfi OT Hop-
`Mann K nonepxnocm), B HnaKoaHepre'queCKofi qacm cneKTpa
`(6' < U) npn xopomeM paspemeHIdH o6Hapy>KnBa10Tcz aTOMbI c
`MaKCBeJIJIOBCKllM pacnpeneneI-meM H TeMnepaTypofi 0,1—1 3B,
`HO 0611111171 BKnau TaKHX qacmn B pacnbmenue COC‘I‘aBJIfiCT 0K.
`10%, 3a HCKJIIO‘IeI-IHCM Taxenmx PIOHOB c snepmefi nopana
`1 KaB H BLICOKHX Te'MHepaTyp MHmeHn.
`B MaCC-CHCKTan paCI'IbIJ'IeHI-ILIX qacmu Hafimonalo'rca Kna-
`C'repm 143 nByx H 6onee (rumors no 10) aTOMOB. OflHaKO 0T-
`HOCPITCJILHOC qncno aTOMOB, paCHbD'lfleMle KnaCTepaMK, He-
`BennKO (g 1%) H 6bICTpO y6bIBaeT c pOCTOM tmcna aTOMOB
`
`

`

`120 P. VI. B3AHMOHEI7ICTBI/IE l'IJ'IA3MBI C KOHJIEHCI/IPOBAHHHM BELLIECTBOM. FABOM I/I BHEKTPOMAFHI/ITHBIM HOIIEM
`
`I{mono aTOMOB, paCl'ILIJIHeMLIX maCTepaMH, pa-
`B macrepe.
`crer c pOCTOM MaCCbI nona.
`l'IpH pacnbmennn nerKHMu HO-
`HaMH (H, D, He) pacrILmeHue maCTepaMH npaKmqecxn 0T-
`cy'rC‘TByeT. t11mm paCHBIJ'IeI-IHLIX KnaCTepon y6LIBaeT c pOCTOM
`auepmn KnaCTepa TCM 6LICTpee, qu 60.1mm aTOMOB B Kna-
`C'repe (pnc. VI.1.319).
`
`150 K33
`
`V He
`
`Ne
`
`Ar
`
`Cu
`
`Kr
`
`Xe
`
`10‘3
`
`
`
`100
`
`1000
`
`f5, 3B
`
`105
`10
`
`Pnc. VI.1.319. BaepreTmecKnfi cnelcrp pacnbmeHHLIx a’l‘OMOB H zapsxerI-Imx
`mac-repel;
`
`Eonbmaa qacrb pacnbmacmrx 210M013 HefITpaJILI-Iay JIOJISI
`qacmu, paCIILUISICMLIX B BHJIC HOHOB, 06mm Meme 1 %. I/Ic-
`KJIIOFICHHC cocrannsno'r menoqnme merannm, Ko'ropme pacnm-
`names] B BI/IILC nonoxmenbumx HOHOB.
`
`10°
`
`0°
`
`10°
`
`
`
`Puc. VI.1.320. anosoe pacnpenenenne pacnbmeHI-mx aTOMOB Bonubpama, 60M-
`6apnupyemoro HDHZMH Kr+ (10 1433), naualomnMn Ha nonepxnocn, non ymcm
`6 = 60°; cnnomaasi KpHBaz —— axcnepnmem, rHCTorpaMbe —— Komnbio-repumfi
`pacue‘r
`
`Ymonoe pacnpencnex—me paCl'IBlJ'leI-IHBIX aTOMOB npn Hop—
`MaJIbI-IOM nauemm HOHOB Ha nonnxpncrarm cummerpnqno 0T-
`HOCHTCJ'ILHO HopMaJm, npmeM mu Gonwmx 3116me 8 >
`1 QB, d2Y/du2 ~ cosy, B TO BpCMfl KaK 11pm 5 < 1 QB
`npeo6nanaro'r aTOMbI, pacnbumeMLIe @1er K l'IOBerI-IOCTH
`(npu 6onbnmx u). Hpn HaKHOI-IHOM Harlem/m norms (0 aé 0)
`Ha pacnpeneneane, CHMMC-
`Tpmmoe OTHOCHTeJILI-IO Hop-
`MaJm, Hamanmae'rca mm
`B. HanpanneHnH,
`B KOTO-
`pOM CMemaIOTca
`nepauq-
`Hue
`cmemem—me
`aTOMm
`
`(puc. VI.1.320).
`MHIHCHPI
`l'IpH 6OJ'ILILIHX yrnax Hane-
`Hnsx STOT max CTaI-IOBKTCH
`
`OIlHaKO
`npeoénanaxomnM.
`npn oqenb 60HBLHHX 3Hep-
`max yrnosoe pacnpenene-
`Hue pacnbmeMLIx aTOMOB
`ocraercx CHMMeTpI/I‘IHLIM 0T-
`Hocn'rean-Io Hopmann n npn
`HaKJIOHHOM Hana-1pm H0-
`
`
`
`Pnc. VI.1.321. Han-Ia BéHepa. nonyqu-
`Hue npn pacnbmex-mu MOHoKpncrama
`menu (rpm: (001)), HOHaMH Ar+, mum-
`IOIIIHMPI non ymom nanenuz 30" c 3Hcp—
`numx: 180 33 (a), 1 xaB (6), 10 KaB
`(a). 40 KaB (2) H HOHaMH H+ (2 amp-
`mefi 10 KaB (0)
`
`HOB. B cnyqae MOHOKpH-
`C'ranna yrnonoe pacnpene—
`neI-me
`paanmeHme
`qa—
`emu CPUIBHO aHHSOTpOIIHOZ
`paCl'ILUIeHHLIC aTOMbI BLUIC-
`TaIOT, B ocnoanom, B Haupa-
`menus): momoynaxosan-
`me aTOMHbIX panes KPH-
`crarma (pnc. VI.1.321), o6pa3y51 Ha KapmHe ocamca pacnbmeH-
`Horo nemeCTBa xapaKTeprIe mama (nsrrHa BéHepa).
`4. 3Kcnepumeumanbubae memoou usyuemul pacnwze-
`nun. HayquHe pacnbmennx nponznonmca pasnanuMu cno—
`co6aMH: Bo-nepamx, no camofi MHHICHH, Koropaa Hccnenyerca
`110 n nocne pacnbmemm, BO-BTOprX, no ocanxy pacnwlen-
`me aTOMOB Ha KaKOM-J'IH6O aKpaHe H, B—Tpermx, c non/10111510
`HenocpencrneHHofi pemcrpaunn cam/Ix pacnbmemmx qacmu.
`HCCJ'IeJIOBaHPIC MHmeHn ocymecmrme'rca cnenymumMH Me-
`TonaMH:
`
`1) MCTOIIOM B3BeHJPIBaHPISI; 3T0 aficomommfi H Han6onee
`pacupocrpaHeHHmfi me'ron;
`2) meronom naMepeHua mexrpoconpomnnenua IUICHOK n
`nposonoqex, KOTOpLIC y'ronbmalo'rca B npouecce pacnbmenm;
`
`3) c nomommo npo¢momerpa, KOTopLIiJI Hamepaer Bucory
`crynenbm mexqry pacnbmeunofi H Hepacnbmeanofi (npmcpm-
`10171) qacrmo noaepxnocm;
`4) me'ronom penepa n3 Taxenmx nonoa, KOTOpre BHCIIPSI-
`mTca Ha nocraTquon rny6HHy; c l'IOMOUlbIO ofipamoro pacce—
`51mm ébICprIX 1401-103 (8 > 1 M33) MOXHO HBMepflTb my6nHy
`penepa; 11pm pacnbmennn a’ra rnySHHa yMeHLmaeTca.
`,-
`I/IccnenonaHne Konnqecma ocazuca pacnbmeHHoro neme-
`cma Tpe6yeT Kann6pomm, HOCKOJ‘Ibe 0H0 321314ch 0T npmm-
`naemocm paCl'IbUIeHHOI‘O semecma, reomerpnn n npymx ycno-
`
`1314171 axcnepnmema: Oga‘nox paCl'IbUIeHHOI‘O semecnza uccneny—
`eTca CJIeIIyIOIIIHMH MeTOIlaMH:
`
`1) CPOTOMCTpI/HCCKH, no onmqecxofi momocm;
`2) MeTOLIOM pannoaxmnnmx PISOTOHOB;
`3) me-ronom HaMepeHm pesoHaHCHofi qacme KBapueBoro
`KpPICTaJUIa, Ha Koropmfi ocaxnaeTca paCl'ILUIeHHOC Bemecnso;
`
`

`

`V1.1. BBAHMOJIEFICTBI/IE IIJ'IABMBI C KOHIIEHCI/IPOBAHHLIM BELLIECTBOM
`
`12]
`
`11110111011 0 110M0111310
`
`4) M010110M 113M0p011113 1011111111131
`06pa11101'o paccesmm 63101p31x 1101103;
`5) c 110310111310 11011ap0111151 oca111<a 11 30011030331133 1103a-
`p0111131x a10M03 cncxrpocxonuqecxnmn 11010111111111;
`6) MCTOIIOM 111110p¢0p011111114 11a 11110111<0.
`14001103033330
`pacr13111510M31x qacmu 00y111001311510'1051
`cnexrpocxonmecmmn M01011aM11
`11
`0
`nomommo Macc-
`0110KTp0M01pa. B 110p30M cnyqae p0m01p11py101051 3036mm-
`11310 3103131, 30 BTopOM — pacn311101111310 3 311110 1101103. 111151 p0-
`r1101~pa111111 110111pan31131x 1103036y>1<110111131x a10M03 11x 3036y—
`11013101 111111 11011113y101 3110K1'p011113m Hy‘iKOM 111111 J'IaBCpOM. B00 ~
`310101131 1100110110311an 1101100p011013011110 pa0113m510M31x qacmu
`1p06y101 KaJIH5POBKH.
`Pacnp011011011110 ocanxa pa011311101111010 3011100111a 11a01 1111—
`qaopmaumo o6 yr11030M pacnp0110110111111 pa0113111510M31x
`l1a-
`0'11111. HMIIyJ'ILCHaSI 60M6ap1111p031ca 3 0011013111111 00 01po60-
`cxonmecngu y01'p0171013aM11 110330115101 0 110Mou1310 ocanxa
`pa011311101111010 301110013a H3M€p$lTL SHCPI‘CTH‘ICCKHC 0110KTp31
`110 11p011011101v1y 3peMeH11. 31-10pre1‘m100K110 cnex'rpm MOXHO
`143M0p5113 anempomamnmuMH M01011aM11 110 01101011011310 3a-
`pax0111131x qacmu, a 1310110 cnempocxonmecmmn 1110101131111
`110 )IOIUICPOBCKOMy 01101110111110.
`5. Teopemuuecxue modem; pacnwteuuz. l'Ip11115110 01111—
`TaT3, 1110 pacn3111'01-1110 TT 11011aM11 11p0110x01111'1 3011011013110
`Tp0x0011031131x 11101121111131.1103: 1) 11111101711131x Kacxanos a10M1131x
`0101111110301-1111'1, 2) 11p51M0ro 3316113a111151 a10M03 MI/IUICHI/I 110-
`HaMPI 11 3) 30.111130171113111 Kacxa1103 111111 TepaneCKHx 1111K03.
`5.1. Kacxabuaz 114000113 pacnwzeuwz. KaCKau aTOMHLIx
`01011323030331] — 310 11001101103a10113110013 01011101030333 11311-
`)Kyumxca a10M03, 3 KOTopoiI 003113101051 03103101111310 aTOMLI
`011011y1011111x 1101(0110111111 11 111. 110 1011 110p, 1101(a 0110pr1111 11311-
`)Kyumxca qacmu 110 yM011311111'1051 110 0110pm11 6d, 110061101111-
`M0171 111151 03101110111151 aTOMa 113 010 pa31103001-1010 11011031011113 3
`p011101K0. 111151 60113111113013a 1101103 cpe111111x snepmfi 11 mace
`Kacxaunmfi MexaH113M 513115101051 001103113111.
`Kacxam-Iaa 100p1151 pacn31110111151 0011033113 11a KHHC’I‘H‘IC-
`0K11x ypannenmx 111151 qDyHKuHfi pacnp0110110111151 113ny1111111011
`1101103 11 111151 11311111y11111x051 0M01110111131x a10M03. B00 010111010-
`30111151 1101103 0 aTOMaMId Kpucranna 11 03101110111131x 3103103 0
`11pymM11 aTOMaMfl pacema1p113a101051 KaK nap11310 11 paccqmm-
`33101051 110 3aK011aM Knaccnqecxofi Mexa1111Kn 11p11 11010111111-
`ane 333111401101710131111, 1101106paH110M 0001301013y1011111M o6pa-
`30M. T00p1151 11113017111351, 1.0. y11111313a01 010111111030111151 11311111y-
`1111111051 l1a0'11111 101mm 0 1101101131111111311111 aroma/111 311111101111.
`
`063111110 011010Ma Kunemqecxnx yp3111101-11Ifi pemae'rca M010-
`110M M0M0H103. 31a '100p1191 11a01 011011y1011100 331pax011110 111151
`K031131111111110111‘a pacn31110111151:
`
`3 Ram, 5,9)
`— 471'2 NCoU ’
`
`(10.4)
`
`F]; (O, 8, 6) — 111101110013 3110pr1111, 33130110111103 np11 ynpymx
`0101110103011115111 361111311 11030px1~100111 (11p11 z = 0) 3 Kacxane,
`HHHHHHPOBBHHOM 11011011, 11.112111101111111 11a 11030px1-1001'3 c 3110p—
`r110171 8 11 yr110M 1131110111191 6 (q1y11K111151 FD (0, E ,6) 1-1ax01111103
`113 p0m0111m KHHCTPI‘ICCKOFO ypa3110111151); N — q110110 a10M03
`3 011111111110 0630Ma 311111101111, KOTOPaSI npennonaraema aMOpqa-
`H0171; Co — KOHCTaHTa 3 nucpcpepenunanmoxw 00110111111 110p0-
`1131111 0110pm11 T, KOTopoe 111111 1101101111 310M013 —— 130p1131x
`0410p, 11311601100 a1101c3a1110171 11pm aneprpmx 0133x11331011111x051
`aTOMOB 1101131110 100 3B, 11M001 31111
`
`da/dT = Co/T.
`
`(10.5)
`
`KOHCTaHTa 00 063111110 np111-111Ma01‘051 pa3110171 3A2. CDopMyna
`(10.4) 11M00'r 11p0010171 (bl/13111100101171 0M31011. (NC'o)‘1 —— 3'10
`11111111a 030601111010 11p06era a10M03 Kacxaga 11, 011011032110113110,
`rny61111a 011051,
`113 KOToporo MOXCT 63113 110p011311a 3110me
`paCIIbUDIeMbIM a10MaM 11a 3030px1-100'13.
`3110pm51, 3101111131-
`BaeMasI 3 npouecc pa01131110111151 11p11 KaCKaHI-IOM MexaH113Me,
`paBHa (NCo)‘1FD (0, E , 6), a 11110110 21103103, KOTOprC 3 Kac-
`K3110 11p1106p013101 3110pr1110 60113111300, qu U, cor11a0110 (bop—
`My110 KanHHa—Hma, paBI-Io xFD(0,£' ,6)/ (N Co)U. Y‘II/l-
`1313a51 11111113 10 a10M31, K010p310 11310101" aneprmo 8 > U 11
`11311131113031, HanpaBII01-111310 3 30px111010 nonyccpepy, 11p11 0001-
`3010an31010 33160pe K030133131 x, nonquM (bopmyny (10.4)
`111151 q11011a pa01131110111131x a10M03.
`3110pre'111'1001c11171 CHCKTP pa01131110111131x aTOMOB 3 Kacxan-
`110171 100p1111 MOXHO 11011qu13, 001111 3 (10.4) 110110110113 U = 6'
`11 11p01111111¢10p0111111p03a13 110 8. Toma
`
`dY/dé' ~ 5'2,
`
`1{1'0 611113K0 K 11012013310333001‘11 11p11 8 > U. MaJCCPIMyM 11a
`@3303 dY/dé‘ 01 6' may-1301051, 001111 npennonoxn'm, 1110
`1101011111101131131171 nonepx110011-131171 6ap30p 110 111100101171, a 11M001
`110K010py10 KpPIBH3Hy.
`Kacxannaa Teop1151 11p01101<33313a01 11301pom-100 yr110300
`pacnp01101101-1110 paw-13111011113111 a10M03 np11 300x yrnax name-
`HPISI 1101103 11a M11m0113. A1111301p0111111 11051311510103 11p11 yqere
`M0xa11113ma npmoro 3316113a111151 a10M03 311111101111 11011a1111.
`32133011110013 K001111111111110111a pan-131110111111 01 yr11a 113110111151
`1101103 3 Kacxannofi 100p1111 1131001 31111
`
`Y ~ 003‘" 6,
`
`111111qu 1/ = 5/3 31151 Ma/Mi < 1 11 1/ z 1 11p11 Ma/Mi at: 1.
`B 003peM011110171 TpaK1031c0 10111011111001010 ypa3110111151 Kacxan—
`11012 100mm pemam‘cz 111111