USOO7668939B2
`
`(12) Unlted States Patent
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 7,668,939 B2
`
`Encarnacion et a].
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`(54) ROUTING OF RESOURCE INFORMATION IN
`A NETWORK
`
`(75)
`
`.
`.
`Inventors: Mark J. Encarnacion, Bellevue, WA
`((38% 2121.50" Flag’gellngg?gs(ysx
`a1 “mvasan’
`If an ’
`
`7,120,585 B2
`7,149,755 B2
`7,599,580 B2
`3883/8833: 21*
`2002/0077988 A1
`2002/0092019 A1
`
`10/2006 Boulanov
`12/2006 Obrador
`10/2009 King et al.
`III e e a .
`$388; glint“? it 311'
`6/2002 Sasaki et al.
`7/2002 Marcus
`
`.................
`
`709/218
`
`(73) Assignee: Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA
`US
`(
`)
`
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject. to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 624 days.
`
`CN
`
`1520659(A)
`
`8/2004
`
`.
`(Confirmed)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/742,588
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Dec. 19, 2003
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US04/23957, mailed on
`May 9, 2006.
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2005/0138193 A1
`Jun 23 2005
`.
`’
`
`(Contmued)
`Primary Examiner7William C Vaughn, Jr.
`Assistant ExamineriMaceeh Anwari
`
`(51)
`
`(56)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`G06F 15/177
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`....................... 709/220; 709/221; 709/222;
`709/226
`(58) Field Of Classification Search ----------------- 709/220,
`.
`.
`.
`709/226
`See apphcat1on file for complete search hIStOI'Y
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`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A media server in a Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) network
`includes a resource sharing service to govern the distribution
`of resource information regarding resources to rendering
`devices. In one case, the resource sharing service consults a
`criterion to determine whether an identified network device is
`authorized to receive resource information. In another case,
`the resource sharing service consults another criterion to
`determine whether a specified individual associated with the
`media server must consent to the transfer of the resource
`information in order for the transfer to occur. The resource
`information may include resource metadata that describes
`high level
`information regarding resources, as well as
`resource content. The media server includes various user
`interface presentations that allow the media server user to
`specify shared resources and distribution criteria.
`
`103 Claims, 21 Drawing Sheets
`
`.- ———————
`l Resource :
`
`
`: Content33° I
`
`
`
`Media Server 10; -
`
`Media
`Media
`
`
`
`lnfomnation
`
`Rendering
`Rendering
`Devrce 1%
`Device m
`
`:
`Sharing
`
`
`
`r Functionality 322
`Resource
`n /'
`
`Information
`
`Exemplary
`
`
`
`Resource F'::::::‘r 1
`I
`
`Resource
`I
`information
`I\
`
`324
`
`
`BrowsHSearch
`
`
`Requesi
`
`
`
`
`Rendering
`Rendering
`
`eVIce
`Device 3m
`Device .312
`Rendering
`D ‘
`3&5
`
`
`
`
`1'
`328
`
`12Resource
`Information
`\ 300
`Consumer
`
`I :
`
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`US 7,668,939 B2
`
`Page 2
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`
`
`1
`
`* cited by examiner
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 1 of 21
`
`US 7,668,939 B2
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 of 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 23
`
`9
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`2010
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`

`U.S. Patent
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`Feb.23,2010
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`Feb.23,2010
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
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`Feb. 23, 2010
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 15 of 21
`
`US 7,668,939 B2
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
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`Sheet160f21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 17 of 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 18 0f 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`

`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
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`Sheet 19 0f 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
`
`Sheet 20 0f 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 23, 2010
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`Sheet 21 0f 21
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`US 7,668,939 B2
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`

`

`US 7,668,939 B2
`
`1
`ROUTING OF RESOURCE INFORMATION IN
`A NETWORK
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`The present application is related to co -pending US. patent
`application Ser. No. 10/742,635, entitled “Using Parameter-
`ized URLs for Retrieving Resource Content Items,” US.
`patent application Ser. No. 10/742,570, entitled “Server
`Architecture for Network Resource Information Routing,”
`and US. patent application Ser. No. 10/741,706, entitled
`“Techniques for Limiting Network Access.” All of these
`applications were filed on the same date as the instant appli-
`cation, and all name the same inventors as the instant appli-
`cation.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`This subject matter relates to a strategy for routing infor-
`mation to recipients via a network, and, in a more particular
`implementation, to a strategy for selectively routing metadata
`and media content to recipients via a local network, such as a
`home network.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) provides a network archi-
`tecture that facilitates adding and removing devices from a
`network. For instance, the UPnP architecture allows a user to
`simply “plug” a new device into a network coupling; there-
`after,
`the network will automatically determine the new
`device’s characteristics and subsequently coordinate interac-
`tion between this new device and others in the network based
`on the determined characteristics. The UPnP architecture is
`
`particularly well suited for networks associated with a local
`setting, such as a home, a business, a school, etc. (Note that
`the term “Universal Plug and Play” derives from functionality
`provided in the earlier developed device Plug and Play (PnP);
`device PnP provides a flexible technique for automatically
`adding and removing peripherals to a standalone computer
`device, such as a PC).
`FIG. 1 presents high level information regarding an exem-
`plary UPnP architecture 100. By way of overview, the UPnP
`architecture 100 includes a plurality of devices (e.g., devices
`102, 104, and 106) and control points (e.g., control points 108
`and 110) coupled together via a network 112.
`The UPnP devices (102, 104, and 106) can include a variety
`of electronic devices. Exemplary devices include computers
`of all types, CD/DVD players/jukeboxes, TVs, VCRs, MP3
`players, stereo systems, electronic picture frames (EPFs),
`various types of still and video cameras, and so on. More
`specifically, a so-called UPnP device conceptually defines a
`container that can include actual devices, services, etc. A
`service, in turn, defines various functions performed by a
`UPnP device that are made available to other UPnP devices.
`
`For instance, one exemplary service might pertain to a chro-
`nological function provided by a clock. In general, a service
`models its functionality using state variables and exposes
`various actions associated with the model to other UPnP
`
`devices. In the exemplary case ofFIG. 1, the UPnP device 102
`includes an actual device 114 that provides a service 116.
`UPnP device 104 includes an actual device 118 that provides
`services 120 and 122. UPnP device 106 includes an actual
`
`root device 124 that provides services 126 and 128. The root
`device 124, in turn, includes an embedded device 130 that
`provides a service 132.
`
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`2
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`The network 112 can couple the devices (102, 104, 106)
`together using the Transmission Control Protocol and the
`Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The network 112 can also freely
`draw from a number of other standard protocols, such as
`Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Simple Object Access
`Protocol (SOAP), General Event Notification Architecture
`(GENA), and so on. The network 112 can be physically
`implemented using a variety of hardwired and/or wireless
`communication mechanisms, such as phone lines, power
`lines, Infrared Data Association (IrDa), Ethernet, Radio Fre-
`quency (RF) coupling, and so on.
`Finally, the control points (108, 110) define agents that can
`discover and control other UPnP devices. A UPnP device may
`itself include one or more control points integrated therewith.
`FIG. 2 illustrates conventional functions performed by the
`UPnP architecture 100 arranged in hierarchical layers. An
`addressing function 202 pertains to procedures whereby
`devices and control points receive addresses to interact with
`the network 112. More specifically, a device or control point
`can receive an address from a Dynamic Host Configuration
`Protocol (DHCP) server or using an Auto IP assignment
`procedure (e. g., if no DHCP server is available). The Auto IP
`procedure provides a technique for intelligently selecting an
`IP address from a set of private reserved addresses.
`A discovery function 204 pertains to procedures whereby
`devices advertise their services to control points. Devices can
`perform this advertisement by sending out a multicast variant
`of HTTP (i.e., HTTP-MU). A control point subsequently
`responds using HTTPU (i.e., a unicast variant of HTTP). The
`discovery function 204 makes use of General Event Notifi-
`cation Architecture (GENA) and Simple Service Discovery
`Protocol (SSDP) to carry out the above-noted exchange
`between UPnP devices and control points. Further, a newly
`added control point can also search for UPnP devices and
`services coupled to the network.
`A description function 206 pertains to a procedure
`whereby a control point that has discovered a UPnP device
`can determine more information regarding the UPnP device.
`The UPnP device responds by sending information to the
`control point, where such information is presented, using the
`extensible markup language OiML). Such information
`defines details regarding the type ofUPnP device (e.g., manu-
`facturer, model name and number, serial number, etc.), the
`services it offers, uniform resource locators (URLs) for inter-
`acting with the device, and so on.
`A control function 208 involves transmitting a control mes-
`sage from the control point to the UPnP device. The UPnP
`architecture 100 uses SOAP to transmit this message. SOAP
`messages contain action requests. The UPnP device executes
`the action specified in the SOAP message and then responds
`to the control point. The response contains action-specific
`values or fault codes.
`
`An eventing function 210 pertains to a procedure whereby
`a control point monitors events associated with services pro-
`vided by the UPnP architecture 100. More specifically, a
`service can send an event when its model changes state. The
`process of “publishing” these state changes is referred to as
`eventing. The control point can subscribe to receive various
`events by sending a subscription message to a service of
`interest.
`
`Finally, a presentation function 212 entails retrieving a
`page of information from a UPnP device using a presentation
`URL associated with this UPnP device. The control point can
`initiate the presentation process by issuing an HTTP GET
`request to the UPnP device. The presentation function 212
`allows a user to view the status ofthe device and/or control the
`device.
`
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`

`US 7,668,939 B2
`
`3
`The UPnP Forum’s web site (i.e., http://upnp.org/) pro-
`vides more detailed information regarding the UPnP archi-
`tecture and related topics.
`As mentioned above, UPnP devices are commonly used in
`relatively localized network environments, such as in a home
`or business. In the home environment, for instance, a network
`including UPnP devices may interconnect a collection of
`media source devices and a collection of media rendering
`devices. An exemplary media source device might comprise a
`personal computer that stores a collection of music, video,
`pictures, etc., or may comprise various types of jukebox
`devices. An exemplary media rendering device might com-
`prise a TV, stereo, personal computer, and so on. A control
`point (such as a personal computer) can then be used to route
`resource information from one of the media source devices to
`
`a selected media rendering device.
`However, existing networks that include UPnP devices do
`not perform the above-described transfer of resource infor-
`mation in a well-controlled, secure, and responsible fashion.
`For instance, a home environment may include a group of
`individuals ofvarious ages and interests. Some media content
`may be appropriate for some members of the family, but not
`others. For instance, parents may wish to route music, video
`and pictures to children that do not contain any mature con-
`tent. At the same time, the parents may not want to interact
`with the kind of resource information that is appropriate for
`children. Existing networks that include UPnP devices do not
`provide a mechanism for selectively routing different
`resource information to different individuals within the fam-
`
`ily. For instance, the father may have loaded a video jukebox
`with a variety of DVDs that collectively provide a wide range
`ofresource information; existing networks that include UPnP
`devices lack provisions for selectively disseminating the
`resources in this jukebox to different members of the family
`depending on appropriateness and recipient interest.
`Similar deficiencies exist in other applications of networks
`that include UPnP devices. For instance, in a business con-
`text, a business owner may have an information warehouse
`containing a variety of resource information. Some of that
`resource information may not be suitable for general dissemi-
`nation throughout the company, as it may contain private or
`sensitive content, or simply content of little interest to many
`employees. Conventional networks
`that
`include UPnP
`devices do not include any mechanisms for allowing an
`administrator to selectively route the resource information to
`appropriate recipients.
`Further, in any environment, there exists the risk that an
`individual who is not affiliated with the network including
`devices built in accordance with the UPnP architecture might
`“tap” into the network in an unauthorized manner. For
`instance, the network may be implemented using wireless
`links (in whole or in part). In these networks, there exists the
`risk that an unauthorized individual might intentionally or
`inadvertently gain access to the resources provided by the
`UPnP architecture. Similar risks are present in other kinds of
`networks. Further, the functionality provided for networks
`that include UPnP devices is designed to ensure continuity
`with wide area IP network functionality. While this provides
`many advantages, it also introduces the risk that users in the
`wide area network environment might intentionally or inad-
`vertently find a way to tap into the home network environ-
`ment. Since the UPnP architecture does not provide a suitable
`mechanism for controlling or blocking the routing of infor-
`mation, there is a chance that these kinds of unauthorized
`users might gain access to the network’s entire collection of
`media and informational resources or control
`the UPnP
`devices on the network.
`
`4
`
`Accordingly, there is an exemplary need in the art for a
`technique for controlling the dissemination ofresource infor-
`mation in a network environment, and, in a more particular
`implementation, there is need for a technique for controlling
`the routing of resource information in a network including
`UPnP devices.
`
`SUMMARY
`
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`According to one exemplary implementation, a method is
`described for disseminating resource information over a net-
`work. The method includes: (a) receiving, at a source entity, a
`consumer’s request for resource information; (b) processing
`the request at the source entity to determine whether there are
`any resources designated as shareable over the network that
`meet the request and which satisfy at least one distribution
`criterion; (c) generating a response that indicates the results
`of the processing; and (d) forwarding the response to the
`consumer.
`
`a
`According to another exemplary implementation,
`method is described for defining conditions pertaining to
`disseminating resource information over a network using a
`source entity. The method includes providing a user interface
`presentation that allows a user to select: (a) at least one
`resource to be shared over the network; and (b) at least one
`distribution criterion which governs the distribution of the
`resource information regarding at least part of said at least one
`resource over the network. The method also includes receiv-
`
`30
`
`ing the user’s selection of said at least one resource and said
`at least one distribution criterion via said user interface pre-
`sentation.
`
`Additional exemplary implementations are described in
`the following.
`
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 shows a conventional UPnP architecture including a
`plurality of devices and control points.
`FIG. 2 shows a conventional series of functions provided
`by the UPnP architecture shown in FIG. 1.
`FIG. 3 shows an exemplary network architecture including
`resource sharing.
`FIG. 4 shows an exemplary application of the network
`architecture shown in FIG. 3.
`
`FIG. 5 shows an exemplary media server for use in the
`network architecture shown in FIG. 3.
`
`FIG. 6 shows an exemplary directory used by the media
`server of FIG. 5.
`
`FIG. 7 shows exemplary mechanisms used to prevent
`unauthorized individuals from gaining access to resources in
`the context of the application shown in FIG. 4.
`FIGS. 8-15 show different exemplary user interface (UI)
`pages for presentation by the media server of FIG. 5.
`FIGS. 16-20 show exemplary procedures for enabling and
`disabling media devices, for defining criteria used to share
`resource information, and for sharing the resource informa-
`tion in the network architecture of FIG. 3.
`
`FIG. 21 shows an exemplary computer environment for
`implementing the media server of FIG. 5.
`The same numbers are used throughout the disclosure and
`figures to reference like components and features. Series 100
`numbers refer to features originally found in FIG. 1, series
`200 numbers refer to features originally found in FIG. 2,
`series 300 numbers refer to features originally found in FIG.
`3, and so on.
`
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`US 7,668,939 B2
`
`5
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`To facilitate explanation, the following discussion will
`describe resource information distribution functionality in
`terms of the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) architecture. As
`used herein, the term “UPnP network” describes a network
`(such as the exemplary UPnP network 314 shown in FIG. 3)
`that has one or more entities (e.g., devices) that are built in
`accordance with the UPnP architecture, where the UPnP pro-
`tocol is used for announcement, discovery, description, event-
`ing and control of these entities. In the present architecture,
`other entities besides entities that are built in accordance with
`
`the UPnP architecture can be coupled to the UPnP network
`314. However, this specific network framework is merely
`exemplary. The resource information distribution functional-
`ity can be implemented using other kinds of architectures and
`networks (that is, the functionality is not limited to networks
`that include UPnP entities).
`More specifically, as will be described shortly, the UPnP
`network 314 can include one or more source entities which
`
`supply information to one or more recipient entities. The
`UPnP network 3 14 can optionally include one or more control
`point entities for coordinating the transfer of information
`from the source entity(ies) to the recipient entity(ies), and for
`performing other functions. For example, a source entity can
`comprise a media server, or some other kind of device. A
`recipient entity can comprise a control point device, a media
`rendering device, or some other kind of device. Generally, the
`terms “entity” and “device” should be construed broadly
`herein; these terms can refer to discrete standalone units for
`performing ascribing tasks, or can comprise systems com-
`posed of multiple units, or can comprise hardware and/or
`software components contained within units, and so on. To
`simplify the discussion, the term “device” is used in this
`section to describe any kind of module coupled to the UPnP
`network 314. (Further, the media server devices are also
`referred to as “media servers” to simplify the discussion.)
`Further, to provide a concrete example, the following dis-
`cussion will describe the resource information distribution
`
`functionality in the home context, where a person in the home
`uses the UPnP network 314 to interconnect multiple media
`server and media rendering devices within the home How-
`ever, the resource distribution functionality can be applied to
`any environment, including a business environment (e. g.,
`within a corporation), an academic environment (e.g., within
`a school or university), and so on.
`Further, a UPnP network 314 typically couples devices
`together in a relatively small and well-defined geographic
`area (e. g., within a building). However, the resource informa-
`tion distribution functionality can be applied to more region-
`ally encompassing environments.
`Further, in the following discussion, a “resource” refers to
`any unit of i