Iachnligy
`moving into the
`_maLnslr
`
`WesternGecos marine seismic solution is
`gaining acceptance among EP companies
`
`for
`
`its high definition
`
`images
`
`and
`
`vast
`
`improvement
`
`in repeatability
`
`-Marine the suite of
`
`advanced
`
`marine
`
`seismic
`
`technologies
`
`from WesternGeco
`
`was
`
`first
`
`offered
`
`commercially
`
`in 2001 The tech
`
`nology was
`
`focused
`
`primarily on
`
`mimmising
`
`the noise content
`
`of
`
`recorded
`
`seismic
`
`data
`
`and
`
`improving survey
`repeatability
`While it was wll received
`
`take up
`
`was
`
`relatively
`
`restrained
`
`with
`
`some of
`
`the
`
`larger
`
`companies
`
`adopting
`
`wait-and-see
`
`approach
`
`The Western Neptune
`the WesternGeco
`
`one of
`
`0-Marine vessels
`
`To
`
`date WesternGeco
`
`has
`
`conducted over 20 Q-Manne sur
`
`veys
`
`and
`
`the
`
`technology
`
`contin
`
`ues
`
`to
`
`for
`
`gain
`
`recognition
`
`addressing
`
`real
`
`reservoir problems Q-technology is now becom
`
`seabed
`
`applications
`
`ing mainstream with
`
`host of majors independents
`
`and major
`
`Q-Manne has
`
`four main elements calibrated
`
`point-receivers
`
`national
`
`resource
`
`holders
`
`applying
`
`it at all stages in the life
`
`of
`
`calibrated
`
`sources
`
`positioning
`
`system that deploys
`
`full
`
`rcservoir
`
`acoustic
`
`network along
`
`the entire streamer
`
`length
`
`and steerable
`
`Q-technology
`
`is
`
`the basis of
`
`the
`
`propnetary
`
`WestemGeco
`
`acquisition
`
`and
`
`processing
`
`technologies
`
`with manne land and
`
`streamers
`
`Compared
`
`surveys
`
`have
`
`achieved
`
`with
`
`conventional
`
`acquisition Q-Marine
`40% improvement
`
`in bandwidth and
`
`The Journal of OffsharaTedrnoogy
`
`JuLy/August
`
`2003
`
`WESTERNGECO
`
`09-CV-01827
`
`PTXO94
`
`VVUUUU(cid:246)I4i
`
`PGS v WESTERNGECO (IPR2014-00689)
`WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2094, pg. 1
`
`

`
`OO% improvement
`Fhese
`
`factors
`
`are
`
`in repeatability
`
`keys
`
`to
`
`accurately
`
`locating
`
`and
`
`defining
`
`reservoirs
`
`as
`
`well
`
`as enabling
`
`truly
`
`successful
`
`4D
`
`Conventional
`
`RAI voLume
`
`and active
`
`reservoir manage
`
`projects
`
`nent
`
`Time sLices
`
`from the Magnus
`
`fieLd taken from just beLow the
`
`base cretaceous
`
`unconformity
`
`in
`
`reLative acoustic impedance
`RAI voLume The much
`
`improved
`
`resoLution and
`
`continuity
`
`provided
`
`by
`
`0-TechnoLogy
`
`is cLear
`
`EXAMPLE 0-MARINE
`
`PROJECTS
`
`BP
`
`MAGNUS FIELD
`
`STATOIL
`
`NORNE FIELD
`
`Statoil
`
`was involved
`
`in the development of Q-technology
`
`and
`
`Q-Manne
`
`survey
`
`over
`
`the Magnus
`
`field was aimed at
`
`addressing
`
`key business
`
`dnvers
`
`for BP in the North Sea increas
`
`ing near-
`
`and long-term
`
`cash
`
`flow from existing assets and pro
`
`to use
`
`it commercially
`
`Seeking
`
`to
`
`improve
`
`longing
`
`viable field life
`
`was among the fust
`from their Nome
`
`production
`
`WestemGeco
`
`field
`
`they
`
`contracted
`
`recently
`to acquire the worlds first Q-on-Q 4D survey
`One Q-Marine element
`for Nome
`
`that was
`
`very
`
`important
`
`was
`
`the
`
`ability
`
`of
`
`the steerable
`
`streamers
`
`to
`
`pass
`
`safely much
`
`more
`
`closely
`
`to the ng infrastructure
`
`than is possible
`
`with
`
`con
`
`vcntional
`
`seismic acquisition
`
`thereby
`
`reducing
`
`the size of
`
`the
`
`hole in the resultant data volume
`
`as part of an improved oil recov
`
`that
`
`involves
`
`gas from fields located
`
`The survey was undertaken
`ery IOR project
`importing
`West of Shetland The IOR project
`and extend
`
`erable reserves
`
`is expected
`
`field life
`
`by several
`
`to increase
`
`recov
`
`years
`
`BPs mimediate
`
`objecuves
`
`were
`
`to test
`
`the acquisition potential
`
`of Q-technolo
`
`obtain
`
`enhanced
`
`vertical
`
`and lateral
`
`resolution
`
`images
`
`of the servou
`
`and produce
`
`basehne
`
`4D survey Enhanced
`
`WestemGeco
`
`completed the fast
`
`track processing
`
`of the new
`
`seismic information
`
`small
`
`survey
`
`two weeks after
`
`weeks
`
`ahead of
`
`schedule
`
`the completion
`4D time-lapse
`
`delivered
`
`rapidly to maximize the benefits
`
`dnlling and production Data processing
`2001
`
`survey
`
`and
`
`the
`
`generation
`
`the
`
`between
`
`the 2001
`
`and 2003 data sets
`
`that will
`
`be used for
`
`iden
`
`of
`
`difference
`
`cube
`
`accurate well
`
`ties allowed
`
`greater confidence
`and the improved bandwidth enabled
`
`interpretation
`BP to generate much more
`
`in the
`
`tification
`
`of the 4D effect
`
`Statoil
`
`detailed picture of the servoir When
`
`of acquisition
`
`and two
`
`er
`
`faults
`
`define flow barners
`
`and identify
`
`unrnapped fault blocks
`
`information
`
`must
`
`be
`
`Q-Manne
`
`data showed
`
`significantly
`
`improved fault
`
`definition
`
`was needed
`
`to help the asset
`
`team image
`
`in managing
`
`reservoir
`
`and reservoir delineation
`
`when compared
`
`with
`
`previous
`
`conven
`along th
`
`included
`
`reprocessing
`
`of
`
`tional
`
`seismic
`
`data
`
`higher
`
`fidelity
`
`seismic
`
`Image
`
`said
`
`that
`
`they
`
`can
`
`see
`
`subtle
`
`from the reservoir development
`4D signals on
`
`the
`
`on-board
`
`processed
`
`fast-track
`
`difference
`
`cube
`
`$1
`
`li/Il
`11
`
`Uu
`
`// hf
`
`ventional
`
`acquisition over
`
`the field there were significant
`
`improve
`
`ments in resolution signal
`
`to noise ratio and repeatability
`
`compared
`
`to previous
`
`con
`
`THE BRENT PROVINCE
`
`NORTH SEA
`
`Q-Marine survey was performed over
`
`mature
`
`field
`
`in the Brent Provmce
`
`of the northern
`
`North Sea
`
`The held is operated
`
`by
`
`large
`
`independent
`
`oil com
`
`pany and has been in production
`
`since the 1980s
`
`The
`
`operator wanted
`
`to use newly acquired
`
`seismic
`
`data to
`
`0-Marine streamer steering is vitaL
`4D projects
`
`in
`
`improve their
`
`characterisation
`
`and so target
`
`bypassed
`
`of
`
`the interwell
`
`region
`pay This approach would help
`
`ConventionaL
`
`to maamise
`
`recoverable
`
`reserves
`
`and extend
`
`the eco
`
`nomic life of the field
`
`Juty/August
`
`2003
`
`The Journat of Offshore TechnoLogy
`
`WG00038742
`
`PGS v WESTERNGECO (IPR2014-00689)
`WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2094, pg. 2
`
`

`
`The field
`
`structure is
`
`tilted
`
`and
`
`eroded horst
`
`Hock
`
`in which the dipping
`
`Jurassic
`
`Brent
`
`reservoir
`
`is
`
`irapped against
`ided by
`
`senes
`
`main
`
`fault The
`
`scaling
`
`fault Lateral closure
`
`is pro
`
`of faults
`
`that
`
`lie perpendicular
`
`to the
`
`operator
`
`believed
`
`that
`
`there
`
`was
`
`bypassed pay
`
`in thin sand units located within
`
`narrow
`
`Lult clocks
`
`These
`
`small blocks
`
`could
`
`not be identified
`
`from conventional
`
`seismic
`
`data
`
`because
`
`high-frequency
`
`content An integrated
`
`they
`
`lacked
`
`project
`
`design
`
`0-TechnoLogy deLivered
`
`resuLts that
`
`aLLowed
`
`the operator
`
`to deLineate
`
`individuaL
`
`sand
`
`bodies within the Brent
`
`formation
`
`for
`
`the first time
`
`effort showed
`
`that
`
`resolving
`
`the various
`
`intra-Brent
`
`for
`
`rnation.s
`
`and
`
`peak
`
`would require frequencies
`of around 40 Hz from the reser
`
`in excess
`
`of 80 Hz
`
`frequencies
`
`voir
`
`depth
`
`of 3500m
`
`The improved spatial
`
`and temporal
`
`resolution
`
`mgna1 to noise rano achieved
`
`by QMarine allowed
`
`and
`
`the
`
`operator
`
`to map fine
`
`geological
`
`derails
`
`in intra-Brent
`
`formations
`
`and
`
`for
`
`the first
`
`Fifth UK North Sea The survey
`200 square kilometers
`
`across block
`
`13/22a
`
`is expected
`
`to cover more than
`
`Commenting
`
`asset manager
`
`on the contract
`Steve Smith Captain
`award
`said We expect Q-Marine to deliver
`much clear
`er picture of Captains internal
`
`reservoir architecture
`
`This is cnt
`
`ical
`
`to identifying
`
`further
`
`drilling
`
`targets
`
`that may
`
`lead
`
`to
`
`increased
`
`economic
`
`oil recovery
`The need to precisely define
`
`from this
`
`significant
`
`field
`
`reservoir dimensions
`
`to nght
`
`size
`
`reservoir
`
`infrastructure
`
`to
`
`accurately
`
`monitor
`
`reservoir
`
`changes
`
`of
`
`fields
`
`are key dnvers
`
`for
`
`the economic
`
`life
`
`over
`
`the next
`
`10
`
`as producuon proceeds and to extend
`the EP business
`years Q-Technology has been designed
`and engineered
`to help
`and maximise the probability of
`
`enabled
`
`rime mapping
`
`of
`
`individual
`
`sand
`
`bodies
`
`IThs
`
`has given the
`
`operator
`
`better understanding
`
`of fluid
`
`flow
`
`improved confidcncc
`
`in well planning and may help extend
`life of the field
`
`the
`
`tconomic
`
`Recently
`ed EcxonMobiJ
`
`number
`
`of
`
`Marine
`
`contncts
`
`have
`
`been award
`
`awarded WestemGeco
`
`multiproject Q-Manne
`
`contract
`
`to cover
`
`three EoconMobil assets in West Africa the Gulf
`of Mexico and the North Sea The North Sea and Gulf of Mexico
`been acquired
`have
`
`surveys
`
`with
`
`the West Ainca
`
`survey
`
`sched
`
`uled for later
`
`in the
`
`year
`
`ChevronTexaco
`
`Upstream has
`
`awarded
`
`Q-Marine contract
`
`operators
`
`address
`
`these dnvers
`
`for
`
`the ChevronTaco-operated
`
`Captain
`
`field in the outer Moray
`
`technical
`
`and commercial
`
`success
`
`JuLy/August 2003
`
`The Journal of Offshore Technotogy
`
`WG00038743
`
`PGS v WESTERNGECO (IPR2014-00689)
`WESTERNGECO Exhibit 2094, pg. 3