4°
`
`.m'rzmw 4”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“may“;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CAMBRIDGE
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`
`
`
`001
`
`IBM EX. 1014
`
`001
`
`

`

`
`
`Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
`The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP
`40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 100114211, USA
`10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
`
`© Cambridge University Press 1995
`
`First published 1995
`Reprinted 1995
`
`Typeset by Computaprint, London
`Printed in Great Britain
`by the Bath Press, Bath
`
`Library of Congress cataloging in publication data appliedfor
`
`A catalogue recordfar this book is availablefrothe British Library
`
`ISBN 0 521 48236 4 hardback
`ISBN 0 521 48421 9 paperback
`ISBN 0 521 48469 3
`flexicover
`ISBN 0 521 48468 5 economy edition
`ISBN 3 12 5179181 Klett paperback
`ISBN 3 12 517919 X Klett hardback
`
`Defined words that we have a reason to believe constitute trademarks have
`been labelled as such. However, neither thepresence nor absence of such labels
`;
`should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark.
`
`
`
`002
`
`ii‘E.[
`
`
`
`Editoric
`
`
`Editorial Consultants
`John Ayto
`Adrian Stenton
`Penny Stock
`
`Editors
`Susan Allen-Mills
`Ann Fiddes
`Guy Jackson
`Susan Jellis
`Ann Kennedy
`Daryl Tayar
`Martin Tolley
`Sally Webber
`Susannah Wintersgill
`Kate Woodford
`
`American Editor
`Paul Heacock
`
`American Pronunciation
`James Hartman ~ Editor
`
`Australian Editor
`Pam Peters
`
`British Pronunciation
`Peter Roach — Editor
`Jane Setter
`'Helen Pandeli
`Kimberley Parsons
`Jonathan Rodgers
`
`Citations
`Annie Coulthard
`Helen Kemp
`Tom Leinster
`Vivienne Painting
`Jean Thomas
`
`Clerical
`Marie Allan
`
`Cover Design
`John Dunne
`John Scully
`
`Design and Production
`Peter Ducker
`John Miles
`Nick Newton
`
`False Friends Editor
`Diane Nicholls
`
`002
`
`

`

`
`
`commissar to common
`,--'-/ n [C] (in
`com.mis~sar /£'kom-I-sozr, $‘koi~m1~soxr,
`the Soviet Union until 1946) the official title of the head of
`a government department, or an official responsmle for
`political education, esp. in a military group
`com-missar-i-at /£,kom.1'sea.ri-at, $,koz~ma'ser-/ n [C
`+ sing/pl v] a military department which supplies food
`and equipment
`com-mlssa-I'y /£'kDm~I~S°l"l, $‘koz~me-ser-/ n [C] Am
`I A commissary is a shop which supplies food and goods,
`esp. to people in the army or in prison.
`
`(to
`n
`v,
`com-mission ARRANGEMENT
`/ka'mi[~°n/
`formally choose someone to do) a special piece of work I
`The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the
`worst excesses of the fashion industry. [T] I She’s just got a
`commission to paint Sir Ellis Pike’s wife. [C + to infinitive]
`I Do you take commissions? I’m looking for an artist to
`paint my dog. [C] I
`
`/ka'mI]'o9n/ n a (system 00
`com-mis-sion PAYMENT
`payment to someone who sells goods which is directly
`related to the amount of goods sold I Are you paid a
`regular wage or is it on/by commission only? [U] I She
`gets a 15% commission on every machine she sells. [C] I
`com-mission GROUP /ke'mij'~°n/ n[C] a group of people
`who have been formally chosen to discover information
`about a problem or examine the reasons why the problem
`exists I a commission on alcohol abuse/racial tension/
`truancy I The government have set up/established/
`appointed a commission to investigate the problem of inner
`city violence. I
`
`com-mis-sion MILITARY /ka'mxj'~°n/ v, n (to receive) the
`official authority to be an officer in the armed forces I
`She’s got her commission at last and is now a lieutenant. [C]
`I Grandfather was commissioned as Group Captain in the
`RAFjust before the war. [T + obj + as n; u‘sually passive] I If
`something, such as a machine or a military ship, is in
`commission it is working and ready for use, and if it is
`out of commission it is broken and not working. I A
`commissioned officer is an officer in the armed forces
`
`who has a commission. See also Nco. I
`
`
`
`com-mission CRIME /ka'ij'-°n/ n[U]fmlor law the act
`of committing a crime I the commission of the crime/
`offence/murder I
`commission-airs /£ka,miJ‘-°n'esr, $Jer/ n [C] esp. Br a
`person wearing a uniform who stands at the entrance of a
`hotel, theatre, etc. whose job is to open the door for guests
`and generally be helpful to them when they arrive
`com-mis-sionor /£ ka'mII-anva", $-a»/ n [C] an important
`official who has
`responsibility
`in
`a
`government
`department or another organization I There
`is a
`commissioner in charge of the London policeforce.
`
`comcmit obj CRIME /ka‘m1t/ v [T] 4.1- to do (something
`illegal or considered wrong) I to commit a crime/a sin I to
`commit murder I Anyone caught committing an offence
`will be punished. I If a person commits suicide, they kill
`themselves. I
`Crimes and criminals, Law
`
`com-mit (obj) PROMISE /ka'm1t/ v 4!— to promise or give
`(your loyalty or money) to a particular principle, person
`or plan of action I I think I can come tonight but I won’t
`commit myself till I know for sure. [T] I If you want to be
`an actor you have to really commit yourself to it (: spend
`all your time trying to fulfil this aim). [T] I Lots of women
`complain that the problem with men is that they won‘t
`commit themselves to a relationship. [T] I The government
`claimed to commit itself to improving health care. [T] I
`(Am) The president said that once he had committed to this
`course of action there was no going back. [I] I People might
`be said not to commit themselves if they refuse to express
`an opinion on a subject: We don’t want
`to commit
`ourselves to a financial plan until more details are known,
`[T] o I can’t commit myself on that subject until I’ve taken
`legal advice. [T]
`'
`com-mitoted /£ke'mit‘1d, $-'mIt-/ adj I a committed
`socialist/Christian/teacher
`I We
`are
`committed
`to
`withdraw our troops by the end of the year. [+ to infinitive]
`I The party are committed to (the idea of) helping those
`who are not able to help themselves.
`com-mit-ment /ko'mIt-msnt/ n I commitment to left—
`wing politics/the cause offeminism/the company I She is
`known chiefly for her commitment to nuclear disarmament.
`[U] I I’d like to thank the stajf for having shown such
`commitment. [U] I I don’t want children — they’re too much
`of a commitment. [C] I Try the product out in the comfort of
`your own home with absolutely no commitment to buy! [U +
`
`
`iil3a,,
`
`ii
`i‘-
`i.
`li
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`10
`
`15
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`70
`
`75
`
`80
`
`003
`
`page 270
`to infinitive] I I couldn’t go to the meeting because I had
`
`other commitments (= other things that had to be done). [C]
`
`
`
`commit obj SEND /ko‘mit/ v [T often passive] M- to send
`(someone) officially to prison or hospital I He’s been
`committed to prisonforfraud.
`com-mit-tal /£ka'mn-=l, $-'mrt—/ n [U] o The psychiatric
`team decided that committal
`(=sending someone to
`
`hospital) would not be beneficial in her case.
`
`
`
`comcmit obj STORE /ke'mit/ v [T] 4t- to put (words or
`ideas) into a particular state so that they can be used in the
`future I If you commit something to memory you make
`certain that you remember it: Commit the names to memory
`then destroy the piece ofpaper. I Ifyou commit something to
`paper you write it down: Perhaps we should commit these
`ideas to paper before weforget them.
`com-mit-tee /£ka'mit.i, $-'mrt-/ n [C + sing/p1 v] a small
`group of people chosen to represent a larger organization
`and either make decisions or gather information for it 0
`She sits on/is on the school‘s development committee. I The
`local council havejust set up a committee to study recycling,
`I What’s on the agenda at the next committee meeting?
`com-mode /£ka'meud, $~'moud/ n [C] a chair-shaped
`piece of movable furniture with a container in the seat
`which people who are ill or old can use as a toilet
`ccm-mod-ious /£ke'maUAdi-as, $—‘moU-/ adj fml or
`literary (of rooms or houses) having a lot ofspace
`a
`n [C]
`com-mod-i-ty /£ke'mod-s-ti, $~‘mo:~da~ti/
`substance or product that can be traded, bought or sold I
`The country's most valuable commodities include tin and
`diamonds. I Today’s budget figures caused frantic trading
`on the international commodities market. I A commodity is
`also a valuable quality: Ifyou’re going into teaching, energy ‘
`is a necessary commodity. I ® ® '
`com-mo-dore /£‘kom-s.doxr, $‘ko:~ma~doxr/ n [C] an
`officer of high rank in the navy, or the person in charge of a
`sailing organization
`com-mon
`/£'kDm-en, $‘koi~man/ adj -er,-est the
`same in a lot of places or for a lot of people I It’s very
`common to see daughters who dress just like their mothers. I
`The surname ‘Smith’ is very common in Britain. I Common
`decency/courtesy is the basic level of politeness which
`you expect from a reasonable person. I You didn’t know
`that they were living together? But it’s common knowledge
`(= something everyone knows). I How can anyone so
`privileged have any understanding of the common man
`(= ordinary people)? I (Br infml) If something is described
`as common-or-garden it means it is ordinary and not
`unusual in any way: It’s a commoner-garden washing
`machine with just the basicfunctions but it works perfectly
`well. I If someone has the common touch it means they
`are able to deal naturally with and understand ordinary
`people: He would be more successful at election campaigning
`if he didn’t lack the common touch. I If something is done
`for the common good it is done to help everyone: In the
`long term a reorganization would befor the common good. I
`The common cold is a slight illness which a lot of people
`catch causing a cough, sore throat and blocked nose. I
`Common law. in England and most of the US is the legal
`system which has developed over a period of time from old
`customs and court decisions rather than laws made in
`Parliament. A common-law wife/husband is someone
`who is not officially a wife or husband but is considered to
`be one because she or he has been living with their partner
`for a long time. I Common sense is the basic level of
`practical knowledge and wisdom that we all need to help us
`live in a reasonable and safe way: Don’t touch that light
`switch with wet hands! Use your common sense. See also
`COMMONSENSICAL. ®
`com-mon-ly /£ 'kom-sn-li, $‘koz‘mon~/ adv I Elbow
`
`injuries are commonlyfound among tennisplayers.
`
`‘ ‘com-mon SHARED
`/£‘komvon,
`$‘kox-m9n/
`adj
`[not
`
`
`gradable] belonging to or shared by two or more people I
`We’ve got a lot of interests in common/common interests
`(= We’ve have many of the same interests). I Sadly, that
`large nose is common to all of the Lewisfamily. I Common
`ground is a point on which two or more people or groups
`agree or understand each other, usually when they
`disagree about other matters: We’re not really on common
`ground when my father and I talk politics, I (j‘ml) If you
`make common cause with someone you act together to
`achieve something: Parents with prams have made common
`cause with the disabled to get easier access to public
`buildings. I (speCialized) A common denominator is a
`number which can be divided exactly by all
`the
`
`
`
`
`(: numbers under the line) in a group 0
`a common denominator of 1/2 and 1/“
`denominator is also something that is :
`members of a group and might bring
`Although the groups seem very differ
`denominator is their commitment to using
`of energy. I (dated) The Common Mt
`name for
`the European Union or
`Community, see at EUROPEAN. . (SPeCial
`noun is a noun that is the name of 3
`things such as ‘table’ or ‘book’ and not
`place or thing. Compare proper noun a,
`A common room (or Am the commons)
`a school or college where students or
`together and talk when they are not w:
`senior common room and a junior ‘
`Nottingham City College, one for the stafj
`the students.
`com-mon-aI-i-ty /£,kDm-9'na149.ti, $
`
`n[C/U]
`
`
`com-moo LAND /£‘kDm~an, $'ka;.m3n'
`
`grassy land which everyone is allowe
`near a village
`
`/£'kDm-an, 5'1“
`com-mon LOW CLASS
`est disapproving lower class I I’m
`wearing make—up at breakfast was a bit 5
`com-mon-Iy /£'kDm-en-li, $‘ku:~m3n.
`threatened to disown him if he contiz
`commonly.
`com-mon-er /£‘kom-an-ar, $‘kox-m:
`commoner is a person who is not born
`high social rank: The princess’s child
`because theirfather is a commoner.
`
`
`com-mon-place ORDINARY
`/£‘knm~
`manJ
`adj happening frequently 0
`experienced and so not considered to
`
`computers are increasingly commonplace
`
`common-place REMARK /£‘kom‘an‘]
`n [C] a boring remark which is used v
`not have much meaning I We exchan
`about the weather over countless cups of
`Com-mono /£'kom-snz, $'ko:~manz/
`the Commons See House of Common
`
`POLlilcs
`com-mon-sen-si-cal /£,kom-sn‘sen-s
`adj having or of a practical or reasonal
`or acting I Commonsensical or not, a dc
`to the arms race will be not be easy. I
`
`more commonsensical than men. I See a
`
`at COMMON USUAL .
`
`Commonwealth (of Na-tions)
`$‘ku:-man-/ n [U] the Commonweali
`organization of independent countries
`belonged to the British Empire ar
`friendly and practical connections witl
`common-wealth /£'kom>an~we10, $
`country or part of a country that is gm
`or representatives elected by its the per
`com-mo-tion /£k9'msu~[°n, $~‘moU-/
`period of noise, confusion or excited IT.
`commotion over an actor arriving at L
`What a commotion! Can you see whl
`there? [C]
`.
`com-mun-al /£'kom~ju~n91, £k9'mju
`belonging to or used by a group of pet
`single person I communal facilities/_
`each have a separate bedroom but
`kitchen. I Communal also means 1
`religious
`divisions within a
`lar
`Communal riots/disturbances have on
`between the two ethnic groups. I If a 5
`it is one in which everyone lives and
`the ownership of property and D035'
`®®
`.
`.
`
`
`com-mun-aI-Iy /ka'mju:~nol-1/ adll
`
`
`comsmune GROUP
`/£'kom‘juzn,
`$ 1
`’ sing/pl v] a group of families or sin
`and
`work
`together
`sharing
`responsibilities, or in some countries
`local government I She ran away fl
`husband to join a women’s commune.
`
`communem /£'kDm-]u:n,
`literary to get very close to someo
`exchanging feelings or thoughts I
`
`
`
`...WMWWMW.W
`
`003
`
`

`

`:70
`
`page 271
`
`‘ common to communicate
`
`
`
`nitive] o I couldn’t'go to the meeting because I
`(=numbers under the line) in a group of FRACTlONS: 8 is
`a common denominator of ’72 and ‘h.
`I A common
`ommitments (= other things that had to be done). [C]
`
`denominator is also something that is shared by all the
`It obj SEND /ke'mIt/ v [T often passive] M— to Send
`me) officially to prison or hospital u He’s been
`members of a group and might bring them together:
`tted to prisonforfraud.
`Although the groups seem very different
`the common
`denominator is their commitment to using renwable sources
`nit-tel /£ke'mit-°l, $-'mit-/ n [U] o The psychiatric
`decided that committal
`(= sending someone to
`of energy. 0 (dated) The Common Market is another
`31) would not be beneficial in her case.
`name for
`the European Union or
`the European
`
`Community, see at EUROPEAN. o (specialized) A common
`it obj STORE /ko'mit/ v [T] -It- to put (words or
`
`into a particular state so that they can be used in the
`noun is a noun that is the name of a group of similar
`
`o If you commit something to memory you make
`things such as ‘table’ or ‘book’ and not a single person,
`
`
`1 that you remember it: Commit the names to memory
`place or thing. Compare proper noun at PROPER REAL . o
`astray thepiece ofpaper. a If you commit something to
`A common room (or Am the commons) is a room esp. in
`you write it down: Perhaps we should commit these
`a school or college where students or teachers can sit
`7 paper before weforget them.
`together and talk when they are not working: There is a
`totes /£ko'mit~i, $-'m1t~/ n [C + sing/pl v] a Small
`senior Common room and a junior common room at
`of people chosen to represent a larger organizatiOn
`Nottingham City College, one for the staff and the other for
`ther make decisions or gather information for it .
`the students.
`s on/is on the school’s development committee. o The
`com-monval-i-ty /£,kom~o'na:l~o.ti, $.kox~mo'nml»o-ti/
`n,[C/U]
`)uncil havejust set up a committee to study recycling
`
`"5 on the agenda at the next committee meeting?
`common LAND /£'kom-an, $‘koi-man/ n [C] an area of
`)de /£ko‘moud, $-'moud/ n [C] a chair-shaped
`grassy land which everyone is allowed to use, usually
`near a Village
`)f movable furniture with a container in the Seat
`people who are ill or old can use as a toilet
`
`/£'kom-an, $‘kaxomon/ adj -er,
`com-man Low CLASS
`.est disapproving lower class 0 I’ve always thought
`)d-l-ous /£ke'mau-di~os, $-'mou-/ adj fml or
`i (of rooms or houses) having a lot of space
`wearing make-up at breakfast was a bit common.
`com-mon-ly /£'kom-on~li, $‘koi-mon—/ adv 0 His father
`a
`n [C]
`Id-i-ty /£ko'mod‘e-ti, $-'mo:-do-ti/
`rice or product that can be traded, bought or sold 0
`threatened to disown him if he continued behaving so
`commonly.
`untry’s most valuable commodities include tin and
`com-mower /£‘kom~an~ar, $'kux-mon-a~/ n [C] o A
`ids. 0 Today’s budget figures caused frantic trading
`commoner is a person who is not born into a position of
`international commodities market. 0 A commodity is
`Valuable quality: Ifyou're going into teaching. energy
`high social rank: The princess's children have no titles
`because theirfather is a commoner.
`essary commodity. o (E) (E)
`
`/£‘kom~on~pleis,
`$‘kaxv
`H‘IOI‘G /£'kom-o~do:r. $‘kox.mo~doxr/ n [C] an
`common-place ORDINARY
`mon-/ adj happening frequently or often seen or
`of high rank in the navy, or the person in charge of a
`
`organization
`experienced and so not considered to be special 0 Home
`
`
`
`
`m USUAL /£'knm-en,$'kui~man/ adj -er,-eot the
`
`computers are increasingly commonplace.
`
`
`n a lot of places or for a lot of people 0 It‘s very
`com-mon-place REMARK /e'kom.an-pleis, $'kux.man-/
`n to see daughters who dressjust like their mothers. 0
`n [C] a boring remark which is used very often and does
`‘name ‘Smith’ is very common in Britain. 0 Common
`not have much meaning 0 We exchanged commonplaces
`about the weather over countless cups of tea.
`:y/courtesy is the basic level of politeness which
`pect from a reasonable person. 0 You didn‘t know
`Com-mans /£'kom-enz, $‘kox‘manz/ n [U + sing/p1 v]
`the Commons See House of Commons at HOUSE
`ry were living together?But it’s common knowledge
`ething everyone knows). o How can anyone so
`@
`fed have any understanding of the common man
`com0monoson-si-cal /£,kom-on‘sen-SI-kal, $,kui~mon-/
`iary people)? 0 (Br infml) If something is described
`adj having or of a practical or reasonable way of thinking
`lmon-or~garden it means it is ordinary and not
`or acting o Commonsensical or not, a decision to call a halt
`to the arms race will be not be easy. 0 I think women are
`1 in any way: It’s a common-or—garden washing
`
`more commonsensical than men. 0 See also common sense
`e with just the basicfunctions but it works perfectly
`
`at COMMON USUAL
`
`
`If someone has the common touch it means they
`/£'kom~on-wc16,
`e to deal naturally with and understand ordinary
`Common-wealth (of Na-tions)
`He would be more successful at election campaigning
`$‘ka:-mon-/ n [U] the Commonwealth (of Nations) an
`dn’t lack the common touch. a If something is done
`organization of independent countries which in the past
`common good it is done to help everyone: In the
`belonged to the British Empire and now still have
`m a reorganization would befor the common good. 0
`friendly and practical connections with each other
`common-wealth /c‘knm.en-wele, $‘koz-mon—/ n [C] a
`umon cold is a slight illness which a lot of people
`ausing a cough, sore throat and blocked nose. 0
`country or part of a country that is governed by its people
`in law in England and most of the US is the legal
`or representatives elected by its the people
`which has developed over a period of time from old
`com-motion /£ko‘meU‘I9n, $-‘mouv/ n a sudden short
`3 and court decisions rather than laws made in
`period of noise, confusion or excited movement 0 So much
`rent. A common-law wife/husband is someone
`commotion over an actor arriving at a film festival! [U] o
`What a commotion! Can you see what’s happening over
`.10]: officially a wife or husband but is considered to
`there? [C]
`)ecause she or he has been living with their partner
`)ng time. I Common sense is the basic level of
`com-mun-al /£'kpm-ju-n°l, £ke'mju:-, $‘kax-mjo-/ adj
`11 knowledge and wisdom that we all need to help us
`belonging to or used by a group of people rather than one
`a reasonable and safe way: Don’t touch that light
`single person a communal facilities/food/property c We
`with wet hands! Use your common sense. See also
`each have a separate bedroom but share a communal
`kitchen. a Communal also means based on racial or
`\ISENSICAL. G)
`ion-Iy /£‘knm~en~li, $‘kuz-men-/ adv o Elbow
`religious
`divisions within a
`larger
`social
`group:
`Communal riots/disturbances have once again broken out
`are commonlyfound among tennisplayers.
`between the two ethnic groups. 0 If a society is communal
`
`[not
`In SHARED
`/£‘kom-on,
`$‘kux-man/
`adj
`it is one in which everyone lives and works together and
`e] belonging to or shared by two or more people 0
`at a lot of interests in common/common interests
`the ownership of property and possessions is shared. o
`3 have many of the same interests). - Sadly, that
`@396)
`com-mun-aI-Iy /ke'mju:-nal~i/ adv
`ise is common to all of the Lewisfamily. 0 Common
`
`com-mune GROUP
`/£'knm-juxn, $‘koz-mjum/ n [C +
`is a point on which two or more people or groups
`)r understand each other, usually when they
`' sing/pl v] a group of families or single people who live
`and
`work
`together
`sharing
`possessions
`and
`a about other matters: We‘re not really on common
`when my father and I talk politics. 0 (fml) If you
`responsibilities, or in some countries the smallest unit of
`ommou cause with someone you act together to
`local government 0 She ran away from her job and her
`something: Parents with prams have made common
`husband to join a women’s commune. n ® (5)
`
`
`com-mune GET CLOSE
`/£'kom-juzn, $‘kaz-mjuxn/ v [I]
`
`)ith the disabled to get easier access to public
`is. o (specialized) A common denominator is a
`literary to get very close to someone or something by
`which can be divided exactly by all
`the
`exchanging feelings or thoughts - Lying naked in the
`
`
`
`
`grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had communed
`with nature. c ® ® ®
`com-mun-ion /ke‘mju:-ni-en/ n [U] literary o What he
`wants is a spiritual communion between East and West~ to
`bring them to a closer understanding of each other. 0 They
`wanted no communion with America — the place or its
`people. 0 It was her deep communion with the Sussex
`countryside and its history that was her true inspiration. 0
`He lived in close communion with nature/God. o A
`communion is a group of people who are united by the
`same esp. religious beliefs: The author has a vision of an
`emerging worldwide Christian communion. [+ sing/pl v] 0
`(specialized) The communion of saints is all the people
`who are part of the Christian church. 0 Communion is
`another word for Holy Communion. See at HOLY GOOD .
`com-mu-ni-cant /ka'mju:-ni-kont/ n [C] a person who is
`involved in Holy Communion (=a Christian religious
`ceremony), and is therefore considered to be an active
`
`member of a church a See holy Communion at HOLY
`
`GOOD
`'
`
`
`give
`to
`v
`/ke'mjux~ni-kcit/
`com-mu-ni-cate (obj)
`successfully (thoughts, feelings, ideas or information) to
`others through speech, writing, bodily movements or
`signals 0 I prefer to communicate the results by/through/
`in writing rather than by giving them over the telephone. [T]
`0 Unable to speak a word of the language, he communicated
`with (= using) his hands.
`[I] c As an actor he could
`communicate a whole range of emotions. [T] I If two people
`communicate (with each other)
`they are able
`to
`understand
`each
`other
`and
`have
`a
`satisfactory
`relationship: I’m afraid we just don’t communicate. [I] o
`(specialized) Diseases
`are
`sometimes
`said
`to
`be
`communicated if they are given by one person to another.
`[T] I (fml) Rooms communicate when they connect with
`each other through a door: The bedroom communicates
`with both toilet and hall. [I]
`~
`o
`adj
`com-mu-ni-ca-ble
`/ko‘mju:-n1-ko-bl/
`fml
`Communicable means able to be given from one person to
`another: Ideas, emotions or thoughts have to be presented in
`ways which make them communicable, whether in words,
`music, graphics, or artforms. 0 (specialized) In this period,
`there were
`974 outbreaks of communicable disease
`attributed to the consumption ofraw milk.
`com-mu-ni-ca-tion /ke,mjuz»n1'keI-f°n/ n 0 Television
`is an increasingly important means of communication. [U]
`a With an hour's walk ‘to the nearest
`telephone,
`communication is not so easy.
`[U] 0 There’s very little
`Communication between mother and daughter (= they do
`not have a good relationship). [U] o (fml) A communication
`is a message or a letter: We received your communication of
`11th March and are sorry to inform you that we won’t be
`attending the conference. [C] 0 (Br) A communication cord
`(Am and Aus emergency cord) is a chain in a train
`carriage which a passenger can pull to stop the train if he/
`she is in trouble. 0 ®
`com-mu-ni-ca-tions /ka,mjui«n1'keI.J'°nz/ pl n 0
`Communications are the various methods of sending
`information between people and places, esp. official
`systems such as post systems, radio, telephone, etc.: Less
`than 2% of all overseas aid is going to improve
`communications. 0 The emergency communications network
`was included in the review of emergency planning. 0 It is
`clearfrom the report that we must invest in more and better
`communications
`systems
`for
`the
`company.
`0
`Communications are also the ways which people use to
`form relationships with each other and understand each
`other’s feelings: Communications between parents and
`children
`are
`often
`difficult.
`a A breakdown in
`communications between staffand the prison governor led to
`the present unhappy situation. 0 Communications are also
`ways of moving between one place and another:
`Its
`commercial success as a city is partly due to its excellent rail
`and road communications. - A communications satellite
`is an artificial object in space used to send out television,
`radio and telephone signals around the earth’s surface.
`com-mu-ni-cator /£ ke'mjuz-ni-kemar, sta/ n[C] c He
`is not a natural communicator — he can be shy and remote to
`all but his closest friends. 0 One of her great merits as a
`communicator and teacher is the way she shares her own
`enthusiasmfor the subject.
`’
`com-mu-ni-cat-ive /£k9'mjuz-nl~ka-t[v, s-tiv/ adj c He
`wasn‘t exactly communicative (= willing to talk) last night —
`in fact he only spoke two words to me. o The communicative
`ability ofthe whale is thought to be highly developed.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`70
`
`75
`
`BO
`
`
`
`004
`
`004
`
`