MICROSOFT PRESS®
`
`COMPUTER
`DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND
`
`EDITION
`
`'
`
`THE COMPREHENSIVE
`
`STANDARD FOR
`
`BUSINESS, SCHOOL,
`
`LIBRARY, AND HOME
`
`
`
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1019
`Exhibit 1019
`
`1
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Ditision of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 980526399
`
`Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
`
`All rights resented. No pa rt of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in an),r form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-l’ublicalion Data
`
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business. school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 155615—5912
`2. Microcompulers--Dictionaries.
`]. Computers—Dictionaries.
`1. Microsoft Press.
`il. Title: Computer dictionary.
`QA?6.]S.M54
`1993
`004‘.05--dc20
`
`93—29868
`ClP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`123-156'Hi‘) MLML 983i65-i
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
`Publishing Corporation.
`
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd.
`
`Penguin Books Ltd. i-larmondswortli. Middlesex. England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd” Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books NZ. Ltd. 182-190 Wairau Road. Auckland 10. New Zealancl
`
`British Cataloging-in-Pul)lication Data available.
`
`Project Editor: Casey D. [)0er
`Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`Technical Editors: Mary De]ong,}effCarey. Dail Magee,]r.,lim Fuchs, Seth McEvoy
`
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1019
`
`Exhibit 1019
`
`2
`
`

`

`bubble sort
`
`
`
`building-block principle
`
`porarily held pending an opportunity to com—
`plete its transfer to or from a storage device or
`another location in memory. Some devices, such
`as printers or the adapters supporting them, com-
`monly have their own buffers.
`buffering The process of using a buffer or buffers
`to hold data that is being transferred, particularly
`to or from input/output (I/O) devices such as
`disk drives and serial ports.
`buffer pool A group of ntemory or storage-device
`locations that are allocated for temporary stor-
`age, particularly during transfer operations.
`bug An error in software or hardware. In software,
`a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a
`program to malfunction or to produce incorrect
`results. Minor bugs—for example, a cursor that
`does not behave as expected—can be inconve-
`nient or frustrating, but not damaging to informa—
`tion. More severe bugs can cause a program to
`"hang“ (stop responding to commands) and
`might leave the user with no alternative but to re-
`start the program, losing whatever previous work
`had not been saved. In either case, the program—
`mer must find and correct the error by the pro-
`cess known as debugging. Because of
`the
`potential risk to important data, commercial ap-
`plication programs are tested and debugged as
`completely as possible before release. Minor
`bugs found after the program becomes available
`are corrected in the next update; more severe
`bugs can sometimes be fixed with special soft—
`ware, called patches, that circumvents the prob-
`lem or in some other way alleviates its effects. In
`hardware, a bug is a recurring physical problem
`that prevents a system or set of components from
`working together properly. The origin ofthe term
`reputedly goes back to the early days of comput—
`ing, when a hardware problem in an electrome-
`chanical computer at Harvard University was
`traced to a moth caught between the contacts of a
`relay in the machine. (Entomologists will un-
`doubtedly be quick to note that a moth is not
`really a bug.) See also beta testing, bomb, crash,
`debug, debugger, hang, inherent error, logic er~
`ror, semantic error, syntax error.
`building-block principle See modular design.
`
`
`expensive and easier to produce. See also flash
`memory.
`..
`bubble sort Also called an exchange sort. A sort-
`ing algorithm that starts at the end ofa list with n
`elements and moves all the way through, testing
`the value of each adjacent pair of items and
`swapping them if they aren‘t in the right order.
`The entire process is then repeated for the re—
`maining tt-l items in the list, and so on, until the
`list is completely sorted, with the largest value at
`the end of the list. See the illustration. A bubble
`
`sort is so named because the “lightest" item in a
`list (the smallest) will “bubble up" to the top of
`the list first; then the next-lightest item bubbles
`up to its position. and so on. Compare insertion
`sort, merge sort. quicksort; see also algorithm,
`sort.
`
`List to be sorted
`3
`
`D Compared third
`
`) Compared first
`
`4 2
`
`5
`1
`
`Compared last
`
`i
`
`Compared second (
`
`List after first pass
`
`List after second pass
`1
`
`wN-bxwl—D
`
`Bu bbfe sort.
`
`WALSH
`
`bucket A region of memory that is addressable as
`an entity and can be used to hold data—the re-
`ceptacle, as opposed to the data itself. The word
`is often encountered in the term bit bucket,
`meaning a dumping ground to which a program
`can send discarded information (bits). See also bit
`bucket.
`
`buffer An intermediate repository of data—a re~
`served portion of memory in which data is tem-
`
`56
`
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Webasto Roof Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1019
`Exhibit 1019
`
`3
`
`