GSM
`
`Evolution towards 3rd Generation Systems
`
`Edited by
`
`loran Zvonar
`Analog Devices, Wilmington, Massaclrusells, US.A.
`
`Peter Jung
`Siemens AG, Munich. Germany
`
`and
`
`Karl Kammerlander
`Siemens AG. Munich. Germany
`
`r i.
`
`KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
`BOSTON/DORDRECHT/LONDON
`
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`The Statw and Development of the GSM SpecificaJions
`
`7
`
`- GSM MoU Pennanent Reference Documents (PRO) produced by the
`GSM MoU Association. They cover operational and commercial aspects
`and are not treated further in this article.
`
`The GSM specifications and standards cover the technical aspects of
`GSM:
`-
`-
`-
`
`serv~ces aspects
`netWork architecture
`selected interfaces
`•
`SIMIME interface (ME= mobile equipment)
`•
`radio interface
`•
`network to network interface (MAP = mobile application
`part)
`base station system to switching system interface (A)
`base transceiver station to base station controller (Abis)
`
`•
`•
`
`These GSM specifications ensure the compatible operation of all mobile
`stations in all networks and roaming between all networks. They allow the
`development of a mass market for mobile stations (world production was
`more than 50 million in 97). The GSM specifications fonn a stable basis for
`the development of network components and a volume production.
`
`2.2 GSM Phase 2 Specifications, the Cornentone for
`the Future
`
`The GSM specification phase I were the basis for the opening of service
`in 1992. Phase 1 specifications were closed in March 95, i.e. no
`maintenance or upgrading is done any more.
`Practically all present networks are based on phase 2 specifications,
`which were frozen in October 95. One year later all conditions had been
`settled for GSM phase 2 mobile stations to come to the market. The main
`additional features and functions of the full phase 2 standard are the
`enhanced compatibility mechanisms of the radio subsystem, allowing
`compatible evolution in the future, improvements of the radio link control
`(resulting in better spectrum usage), full specification of multi-band
`operation (allowing in particular dual band GSM 900/0CS 1800 mobile
`stations), improvements of data services (accommodation of short message
`services for all languages world wide) and changes in the network selection
`procedures of the mobile station.
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`Chapter 4
`
`DECT/GSM Integration
`Enhancement ofGSM using DECT
`
`JORG KRAMER. ARMIN TOEPFER
`MatrJWimtUUI Mobi/fiutlc GmbH
`
`Key words: DECT, GSM.
`
`Abstract:
`
`In the last years the Global System for Mobile communication, GSM, has
`gained a tremendous succ:css around the world. Meanwhile mon: than 2'0
`operators offer their GSM services to over 66 Mio customers in 110
`countries. Before this success could be imagined, work was started in ETSI
`to specify first drafts for the intcrworting of Digital Enhanced Cordless
`Telccommunic:ations. DECT. to GSM. The extension ofGSM using DECT
`as a complementary air interface was seen as a step towards more capacity
`and enhanced radio performance. using synergies and the best characteristics
`of both systems. During the last years different acc:css standards for DECT
`were elaborated. including the DECT/GSM lntcrworlting Profile, GIP. This
`profile allows the attachment of DECT to GSM, while using all specified
`GSM phase 2 services. like supplementary services. facsimile, bearers
`services and the short message service (SMS) via the DECT air-interface.
`The following chapters dcsaibc the access technology DECT. some of the
`specified ac:ccss profiles. different technical DECT/GSM integration
`scenarios and indic:atcs the advantages and drawbacks of the usage of DECT
`as an extension to GSM in the residential, business and public environment.
`
`1. DECT- OVERVIEW
`
`In the year 1988 the European Telecommunication Standardization
`Institute (ETSI) started to develop a new digital cordless standard called
`DECT. The basic standard is available since 1992. The DECT frequency
`band is reserved for DECT applications in all 43 CEPT countries. Since
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`Dectlgsm integralion
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`295
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`A further part of the GIP is ETS 300 792 providing support of facsimile
`group 3. It contains the requirements and mappings necessary to ensure
`that the GSM facsimile group 3 service can be provided over the DECT
`air-interface. Transparent and non-transparent facsimile connections with
`the data rates of 2400, 4800 and 9600 bit/s are supported (GSM TS 62
`automatic fax).
`On the DECT air-interface the service is provided by the data profile F
`including the Multimedia Messaging Service Protocol, MMSP. The
`interworking shall take place on the ITI.J-T Recommendation T.30 protocol
`level. The DECT air interface U-Plane is based on the LAPU protocol
`error correction. The support of true transparent facsimile service can be
`supported by the data service profile 0, class 2 and is for further study.
`The maximum rate is ·9,6 kbit/s due to the limitation of the GSM air(cid:173)
`interface, even though the data service profile f can support a rate of
`24 kbit/s in single slot operation.
`
`2. DECT/GSM INTEGRATION
`
`Why shall the two technologies DECT and GSM be connected to each
`other? Below we will outline some application scenarios and their
`feasibility, However, the profitable use or such a hybrid system very much
`depends on numerous circumstances like prices, market acceptance,
`terminal
`integration, availability, customer growth,
`the
`regulatory
`environment and competition.
`
`2.1 Comparison DECT - GSM
`
`To evaluate the potential benefits for a combination of GSMIDECT
`network elements it is helpful to compare main radio featutes. The major
`difference between the two standards is that GSM is a fully featured
`network specification, whereas DECT is an access standard which defines
`the interface between a mobile cordless terminal and a base station (only
`the lower three ISO/OSI layers are described). With the Dynamic Channel
`Selection I Allocation (OCS/DCA) of DECT no complex frequency
`planning is necessary. The handover procedures are controlled by the
`DECT terminal.
`In the following some main criteria to distinguish GSM and DECT are
`shortly summarised:
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`300
`
`Jorg Kramer. Armin Toepfer
`
`2.5.1 Access to GSM via tbe DSSI+ -Interface
`
`This scenario is pretty much the same as the previous one, but the
`DSS 1 +-protocol is assumed to be the interface to GSM.
`GSM core services are provided to the users of cordless DECT
`terminals with GSM subscription, via co-operating GSM and DECT
`network elements which are interconnected by means of an ISDN
`interface. The DECT network elements may or may not be under the
`authority of a GSM network provider. ETS 300-787 and -788 'DECT
`access to GSM via ISDN' stage I and stage 2 describe the interworking.
`
`2.5.3 DECT/GSM Network-to-Network Iaterworkiag
`(DSSI+)
`
`In this scenario the direct connection of a DECT-PISN to the GSM
`MSC may offer an attractive opportunity. The DECT network elements
`consist of PINX equipment, that is able to control DECT specific mobility
`and DECT intra-cell and intra-cluster handover.
`Providing local mobility (using DECn and global mobility (using
`GSM) with one number and one common set of services is the major
`advantage for the user. With the possibility to support roaming between
`DECT islands. supported by the exchange of mobility information between
`the DECT-PINX and the GSM network (HLRJVLR). the support of a
`private numbering plan and the usage of DECT/GSM dual-mode terminals.
`an integrated and highly sophisticated seamless service could be offered.
`Only the A-interface and the DSS I+, that is actually under elaboration.
`offer the possibility to exchange the relevant mobility management
`information. Common PBXs don't support the complex SS#7 protocol but
`the ISDN interfaces. therefore the DSS I+ protocol is getting more and
`more important.
`
`The PISN is to be regarded on a peer-to-peer level as a different
`network and as a prerequisite commercial agreements between the GSM
`net"'Nk and the private DECT network must be established. However.
`contrary to (jSM. the PISN is seen as a single visited area. The support of
`the relevant security mechanisms and the appropriate mapping has to be
`ensured._ e.g. mapping of I MEl- I PEl. IMSI- IPUI-R. TMSI- TPUI.
`Roaming of users of cordless DECT terminals between private DECT
`networks and public GSM networks cover two basic scenarios:
`
`DECT
`
`GIP
`
`l ~u
`~= \®
`
`.' ~
`
`RFI
`
`'
`Roaming
`SIM ~
`
`G) GSM aubKrlber roamt
`@ DECT aubacrtber roam
`
`Figure
`
`1. The cordless DECT tc
`private DECT network
`2.The cordless DECT
`network roaming to a GSM
`
`1.5.3.1 I
`(CTM)
`Cordless Terminal Mob
`functions based on ISDN a
`roaming between CTM netw
`In contrast to the CTM a1
`would use GSM inherent
`platform for service differen
`CTM does not intend to 1
`and might be seen as compte
`
`1.5.4 DECT/G
`
`DECT/GSM dual mode
`technology in one casing,
`display and so on.
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