`
`Exhibit 1006.08Exhibit 1006.08
`
`
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`

`

`TS 25.213 v2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Technical Specification
`
`3"‘ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP);
`Technical Specification Group (TSG)
`Radio Access Network (RAN);
`Working Group 1 (WG1);
`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`
`
`The
`
`P
`
`P
`resent document has been develo ed within the 3"‘ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP W‘) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP.
`
`The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organisational Partners and shall not be implemented.
`This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organisational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification.
`Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organisational Partners’ Publications Offices.
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08—00001
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Reference
`
`<Workitem> (25_213-xxx.PDF)
`
`Keywords
`<keyword[, keyword]>
`
`3GPP
`
`Postal address
`
`Office address
`
`Internet
`
`secretariat@3gpp.org
`Individual copies ofthis deliverable
`can be downloaded from
`http://www.3gpp.org
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Contents
`
`Intellectual Property Rights .............................................................................................................................. ..4
`
`Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... . . 4
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`3.1
`
`3.2
`3.3
`
`4
`4.1
`
`4.2
`4.2.1
`4.2.2
`
`4.3
`4.3.1
`
`4.3.2
`4321
`
`4.3.2.2
`4323
`4.3.3
`
`4.3.3.1
`4.3.3.2
`4.3.3.3
`4.3.3.4
`4.4
`
`4.4.1
`4.4.2
`4.4.3
`
`5
`5.1
`5.2
`5.2.1
`
`5.2.2
`5.2.3
`5.2.3.1
`5232
`5.3
`
`5.3.1
`5.3.2
`5.3.3
`
`Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... .. 5
`
`References .............................................................................................................................................. .. 5
`
`Definitions, symbols and abbreviations ................................................................................................. ..5
`Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... .. 5
`
`Symbols ........................................................................................................................................................... .. 5
`Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... .. 5
`
`Uplink spreading and modulation .......................................................................................................... ..7
`Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... .. 7
`
`Spreading ......................................................................................................................................................... .. 7
`Uplink Dedicated Physical Channels (uplink DPDCH/DPCCH) .............................................................. .. 7
`PRACH ...................................................................................................................................................... .. 9
`
`Code generation and allocation ....................................................................................................................... .. 9
`Channelization codes ................................................................................................................................. .. 9
`
`Scrambling codes ..................................................................................................................................... .. 11
`General ............................................................................................................................................... .. ll
`
`Long scrambling code ........................................................................................................................ .. 12
`Short scrambling code ........................................................................................................................ .. 13
`Random access codes ............................................................................................................................... .. l5
`
`Preamble spreading code .................................................................................................................... .. 15
`Preamble signature ............................................................................................................................. .. 17
`Channelization codes for the message part ......................................................................................... .. l7
`Scrambling code for the message part ................................................................................................ .. 18
`Modulation ..................................................................................................................................................... .. 18
`
`Modulating chip rate ................................................................................................................................ .. 18
`Pulse shaping ........................................................................................................................................... .. l8
`Modulation ............................................................................................................................................... .. 18
`
`Downlink spreading and modulation ................................................................................................... .. 19
`Spreading ....................................................................................................................................................... .. l9
`Code generation and allocation ..................................................................................................................... .. 20
`Channelization codes ............................................................................................................................... .. 20
`
`Scrambling code ....................................................................................................................................... .. 20
`Synchronisation codes .............................................................................................................................. .. 22
`Code Generation ................................................................................................................................. .. 22
`Code Allocation .................................................................................................................................. .. 23
`Modulation ..................................................................................................................................................... .. 24
`
`Modulating chip rate ................................................................................................................................ .. 24
`Pulse shaping ........................................................................................................................................... .. 24
`Modulation ............................................................................................................................................... .. 24
`
`6
`
`History .................................................................................................................................................. ..26
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Intellectual Property Rights
`
`Foreword
`
`This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3Gl’P.
`
`The contents ofthe present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
`TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents ofthis TS, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying
`change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
`
`Version 3.y.z
`
`where:
`
`x the first digit:
`
`1
`
`presented to TSG for information;
`
`2 presented to TSG for approval;
`
`3
`
`Indicates TSG approved document under change control.
`
`the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
`updates, etc.
`
`the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the specification.
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00004
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`1
`
`Scope
`
`The present document describes spreading and modulation for UTRA Physical Layer FDD mode.
`
`2
`
`References
`
`The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
`document.
`
`0 References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
`non-specific.
`
`For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
`
`For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
`
`A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the
`same number.
`
`[<seq>]
`
`<doctype> <#>[ ([up to and including]{yyyy[-mm]lV<a[.b[.c]]>} [onwards])]: “<fitle>“.
`
`[1]
`
`[2]
`
`EN 301 234 (V2.1 onwards): “Example 1, using sequence field".
`
`EG 201 568 (V1.35): "Example 2, using fixed tex “.
`
`<doctype> <#>[ ([up to and including] {yyyy[-mm]lV<a[.b[.c]]>} [onwards])]: "<Title>“.
`
`EN 301 234 (V2.1 onwards): “Example 1".
`
`EG 201 568 (V1.35): “Example 2".
`
`3
`
`Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
`
`3.1
`
`Definitions
`
`For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply.
`
`3.2
`
`Symbols
`
`For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
`
`<symbol>
`
`<Explanation>
`
`3.3
`
`Abbreviations
`
`For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
`
`BCH
`BER
`BS
`
`CCPCH
`DCH
`DL
`
`DPCH
`DPCCH
`DPDCH
`
`Broadcast Control Channel
`Bit Error Rate
`Base Station
`
`Common Control Physical Channel
`Dedicated Channel
`Downlink
`
`Dedicated Physical Channel
`Dedicated Physical Control Channel
`Dedicated Physical Data Channel
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00005
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`DS-CDMA
`FACH
`
`Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access
`Forward Access Channel
`
`FDD
`Mcps
`MS
`
`OVSF
`PCH
`PG
`PRACH
`RACH
`RX
`
`SCH
`SF
`SIR
`TDD
`TFCl
`TPC
`TX
`
`UE
`
`Frequency Division Duplex
`Mega Chip Per Second
`Mobile Station
`
`Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (codes)
`Paging Channel
`Processing Gain
`Physical Random Access Channel
`Random Access Channel
`Receive
`
`Synchronisation Channel
`Spreading Factor
`Signal-to-Interference Ratio
`Time Division Duplex
`Transport-Format Combination Indicator
`Transmit Power Control
`Transmit
`
`User Equipment
`Uplink
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00006
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`4
`
`Uplink spreading and modulation
`
`4.1
`
`Overview
`
`Spreading is applied after modulation and before pulse shaping. It consists of two operations. The first is the
`channelization operation, which transforms every data symbol into a number ofchips, thus increasing the bandwidth of
`the signal. The number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor (SF). The second operation is the
`scrambling operation, where a scrambling code is applied to the spread signal.
`
`With the channelization, data symbol on so-called 1- and Q-branches are independently multiplied with an OVSF code.
`With the scrambling operation, the resultant signals on the I- and Q-branches are further multiplied by complex-valued
`scrambling code, where I and Q denote real and imaginary parts, respectively. Note that before complex multiplication
`binary values 0 and l are mapped to +1 and -l , respectively.
`
`4.2
`
`Spreading
`
`4.2.1
`
`Uplink Dedicated Physical Channels (uplink DPDCH/DPCCH)
`
`Figure 1 illustrates the spreading and modulation for the case of multiple uplink DPDCHS when total data rate is less
`than or equal to lO24kbps in the 5MHz band. Note that this figure only shows the principle, and does not necessarily
`describe an actual implementation. Figure 2 illustrates the case for data rate at 2048kbps in the 5 MHz band.
`Modulation is dual-channel QPSK (i.e.; separate BPSK on 1- and Q-channel), where the uplink DPDCH and DPCCH
`are mapped to the I and Q branch respectively. The I and Q branches are then spread to the chip rate with two different
`channelization codes and subsequently complex scrambled by a UE specific complex scrambling code Csmmb.
`
`channelization codes (OVSF;
`
`DPDCH gains
`
`DPDCH‘
`(BPSK)
`
`DPDCH3
`(BPSK)
`
`cm
`
`/
`
`/'
`
`Emu:
`I.
`
`w
`
`D1
`
`I A \
`
`ll;
`/l\
`
`/'
`
`\
`
`°.i ilk l
`
`llv l
`
`D:;':::;« e:.>‘Li~:>i.<;i~
`
`cmin
`/L
`
`ll;
`
`DPDCH2
`(BPSK)
`
`i’
`\
`
`V‘
`
`‘V4
`iirxiix
`Ly
`i f \ ‘~
`
`DPDCH4
`(BPSK)
`
`DPDC HN
`(BPSK)
`
`DPCCH
`(BPSK)
`
`0
`x, /’
`mm
`
`C»:
`
`’
`
`’
`
`'
`
`ljh
`
`_,/ f T i
`u.
`
`.i
`
`1
`
`—sim_wi)
`
`{W ,
`«>24
`
`Figure 1 Spreading/modulation for uplink DPDCI-I/DPCCI-I for user services less than or equal to 1024kbps in
`the 5MHz band
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00007
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Channelllalmn codes (OVSFy
`
`DPDCH gains
`
`DPDCH‘
`(BPSK)
`
`DPDCH3
`(BPS K)
`
`/’
`
`/
`‘
`
`\
`
`C
`
`min
`
`,1
`
`\
`
`/’
`
`I‘;
`
`i:H:><i:~
`
`DPDCHN
`(BPSK)
`
`DPCCH
`(BPSK)
`
`Figure 2. Spreading/modulation for uplink DPDCH/DPCCH for user services at 2048kbps in the 5l\/II-lz band
`
`<Editor’s note: pulse shaping will be moved to appropriate WG4 documentation.>
`
`For a single uplink DPDCH transmission, only DPDCH] and DPCCH are transmitted]
`
`For services less than or equal to lO24kbps in the SMHZ band, the DPCCH is spread by the channelization code Cam
`and each DPDCHi is spread by a predefined individual channelization codes, Cchgdi (di=l,2,... ). For 2048kbps rate in
`the SMHZ band, the DPCCH is spread by the channelization code Cum and each pair of DPDCHZAH and DPDCH2dj is
`spread by a predefined individual channelization codes, Cami. The data symbols of both the DPDCHs and the DPCCH
`are BPSK-modulated and the channelization codes are real-valued. The real-valued signals of the 1- and Q-branches are
`then summed and treated as a complex signal. This complex signal is then scrambled by the complex-Valued scrambling
`code, Csmmb. The powers of the DPDCHS may be adjusted by gain factors, BC, Ba,
`_
`
`The channel with maximum power has always fli E 1.0 and the others have [Bi g LO, where i is in the range 1, 2, .. N,
`c The [3-values are quantized into 4 bits, and the quantization steps are given in Table 1.
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00008
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`_\ U‘!
`
`_;_x_\M0)-h
`
`_|.
`_x
`_x O
`
`O—|l\J(A)-l>U‘IO)\lCO<.D
`
`Quantized amplitude ratio
`(flquant )
`1 0
`0.9375
`0.875
`0.8125
`0.75
`0.6875
`0.625
`0.5625
`0.5
`0.4375
`0.375
`0.3125
`0.25
`0.1875
`0.125
`Switch off
`
`Table 1: The quantization ofthe gain parameters.
`
`4.2.2
`
`PRACH
`
`The spreading and modulation of the message part of the Random-Access burst is basically the same as for the uplink
`dedicated physical channels, see Figure l, where the uplink DPDCH and uplink DPCCH are replaced by the data part
`and the control part respectively. The scrambling code for the message part is chosen based on the base-station-specific
`preamble code.
`
`4.3
`
`Code generation and allocation
`
`4.3.1
`
`Channelization codes
`
`The channelization codes of Figure l are Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes that preserve the
`orthogonality between a user’s different physical channels. The OVSF codes can be defined using the code tree of
`Figure 3.
`
`04.3: (1,-1,1,-1)
`
`c4.4= (1,-1,-1,1)
`
`Figure 3. Code-tree for generation of Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes.
`
`In Figure 3, the OVSF code is described as CgF_c0d¢ numbcr, where SFd_n represents the spreading factor of nth DPDCH.
`Then the DPCCH is spread by code number 1 with a spreading factor of SFC.
`
`Each level in the code tree defines channelization codes of length SF, corresponding to a spreading factor of SF in
`Figure 3. All codes within the code tree cannot be used simultaneously by one mobile station. A code can be used by a
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00009
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`10
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`UE if and only if no other code on the path from the specific code to the root of the tree or in the sub-tree below the
`specific code is used by the same mobile station. This means that the number of available channelization codes is not
`fixed but depends on the rate and spreading factor of each physical channel.
`
`The generation method for the channelization code can also be explained in Figure 4.
`
`Figure 4. Spreading Code Generation Method
`
`Binary code words are equivalent to the real valued sequences by the transformation ‘0’ -> ‘+1 ’, ‘l ’ -> ‘-1 ’.
`
`The spreading code cycle is the symbol cycle. Thus, for a given chip rate, the spreading code cycle depends on the
`symbol rate. Furthermore, the number of codes that can be used also differs according to the symbol rate. The relations
`between symbol rate, spreading code types, spreading code cycle and number of spreading codes is listed in Table 2.
`
`The spreading code phase synchronises with the modulation/demodulation symbols. In other words, the head chip of
`the symbol is spreading code phase:0i
`
`spreading
`
`code
`cycle(chip)
`
`No. of
`
`Spreading
`codes
`
`S mbol rate ks s)
`
`[32]
`
`128
`
`[16384
`MC 0 S]
`
`4096]
`
`2048]
`[I024]
`[512]
`256
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00010
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`222
`
`2
`-22
`
`Table 2. Correspondence between Symbol Rate and Spreading Code Types
`
`The DPCCH is spread by code number 1 in any code tree as described in Section 4.3.1. The first DPDCH is spread by
`code number (SFd,1 / 4 + 1). Subsequently added DPDCHS for multi-code transmission are spread by codes in
`ascending order starting from code number 2 excepting the one used for the first DPDCH. However to guarantee the
`orthogonality between channels, any subtree below the specified node is not used for the channelization code ofa
`DPDCH.
`
`<Editor's Note: The case of OVSF code allocation with multiple DPDCHS with different spreading Factors is for further study
`
`4.3.2
`
`Scrambling codes
`
`4.3.2.1
`
`General
`
`There are 224 uplink scrambling codes. Either short or long scrambling codes should be used on the uplink. The short
`scrambling code is typically used in cells where the base station is equipped with an advanced receiver, such as a multi-
`user detector or interference canceller. With the short scrambling code the cross-correlation properties between
`different physical channels and users does not vary in time in the same way as when a long code is used. In cells where
`there is no gain in implementation complexity using the short scrambling code, the long code is used instead due to its
`better interference averaging properties. Both short and long scrambling codes are represented with complex-value.
`
`The uplink scrambling generator (either short or long) shall be initialised by a 25 bit value. One bit shall indicate
`selection of short or long codes (short : 1, long : O). Twenty four bits shall be loaded into the scrambling generators as
`shown in sections 4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3.
`
`MS“
`was:
`
`‘/22
`
`v2
`
`V2‘
`
`v«
`
`v
`
`\’
`
`7
`
`v
`
`\’
`
`v
`
`lmllahsahon Code
`Short/Long flag + value v
`\'(1$I
`»(12)
`v(1l)
`\.(lL‘) w
`
`Figure 5 - Initialisation Code for Uplink Scrambling generator
`
`[A|ternatively, ifthe system chooses, RSTS for uplink transmission, the scrambling code is the same as the downlink
`scrambling code described in 0. ln this case, the same scrambling code is allocated to all dedicated physical channels in
`the cell.]
`
`Both short and long scrambling codes are formed as follows:
`
`= cl(w0 + jc2’w1)
`
`where w and w are chip rate sequences defined as repetitions of:
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`12
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Also, cl is a real chip rate code, and c2’ is a decimated version of the real chip rate code C2. The preferred decimation
`factor is 2, however other decimation factors should be possible in future evolutions of3GPP if proved desirable.
`
`With a decimation factor 2, C2’ is given as:
`
`c2’(2k) : c2’(2kl 1) : c2(2k),
`
`k:0,1,2....
`
`The constituent codes c1 and C2 are formed differently for the short and long scrambling codes as described in Sections
`4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3.
`
`4.3.2.2
`
`Long scrambling code
`
`The long scrambling codes are formed as described in Section 4.3.2, where c1 and C2 are constructed as the position
`wise modulo 2 sum of 40960 chip segments oftwo binary m-sequences generated by means of two generator
`polynomials of degree 25. Let x, and y be the two m-sequences respectively. The x sequence is constructed using the
`primitive (over GF(2)) polynomial X25 X3 1. They sequence is constructed using the polynomial X25 1X3 1X2 1X1 1.
`The resulting sequences thus constitute segments of a set of Gold sequences.
`
`The code, C2, used in generating the quadrature component of the complex spreading code is a 16,777,232 chip shifted
`version of the code, cl, used in generating the in phase component.
`
`The uplink scrambling code word has a period of one radio frame of 10 ms.
`
`no be the 24 bit binary representation ofthe scrambling code number 11 (decimal) with 170 being the least
`Let 1123
`significant bit. The X sequence depends on the chosen scrambling code number n and is denoted X”, in the sequel.
`Furthermore, let X,/I) and yfl) denote the /.'th symbol ofthe sequence x,, and y, respectively
`
`The m-sequences x,, and y are constructed as:
`
`Initial conditions:
`
`x,/0):/10, x,,(1): /1,,
`
`:x,,(22): /122 ,x,/23): /123, x/1(2-1):]
`
`y(0)—y(1)— —y(23)—y(24)—1
`
`Recursive definition of subsequent symbols:
`
`x,,(i+25) —x,,(i+3) + x,,(1) modulo 2, I'—0,
`
`225-43,
`
`y(i+25) » y(i+3)+y(z‘—2) »y(1+1) +y(z) modulo 2, i—0,..., 225-27.
`
`The definition of the nzth scrambling code word for the in phase and quadrature components follows as (the left most
`index correspond to the chip scrambled first in each radio frame):
`
`cm: <Xn(0) ‘y./0), 39/1)
`
`)’(1): ~~»Xn(N-1) ‘y(N—1) >,
`
`cm: <x,.,
`
`)ly(IlJ), x,,(IlJl 1) ly_(]l/[1 1),
`
`..., xnflll N-I)
`
`y(]l/[lN-1) i>,
`
`again all sums being modulo 2 additions. (Both N and M are defined in Table 3.)
`
`These binary code words are converted to real valued sequences by the transformation ‘O’ -> ‘ 1’, ‘1’ -> ‘-1’.
`
`<1z'a’il0r’s note: 224 — I is FFS.
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`MSB
`
`shift register 1 (41bit)
`
`ml
`
`440‘
`
`l
`
`l
`
`shift register 2 (41 bit)
`
`l20l....
`
`EXOR
`
`Figure 6. Configuration of uplink scrambling code generator
`
`Chip rate
`(MCPS)
`
`'
`
`S)
`
`(
`
`‘p )
`
`40960
`
`Range of phase (chip)
`
`(C?)
`
`[l6.384
`
`163840
`
`14336
`
`M N+(M")
`
`Table 3. Correspondence between chip rate and uplink scrambling code phase range
`
`4.3.2.3
`
`Short scrambling code
`
`The short scrambling codes are formed as described in Section 4.3.2. l,where cl and c2 are the real and imaginary
`components ofthe complex spreading code from the family of periodically extended S(2) codes.
`
`255, of length 256 chips are obtained by one chip periodic extension of S(2)
`The uplink short codes S,.(n), n:0,l
`sequences of length 255. It means that the first chip (SV(0)) and the last chip (S,.(255)) of any uplink short scrambling
`code are the same.
`
`The quaternary S(2) sequence zV(/7), O S v S 16,777,216, oflength 255 is obtained by modulo 4 addition of three
`sequences, a quaternary sequence a,.(n) and two binary sequences b5(n) and c,(n), according to the following relation:
`
`z,,(n) : a,.(n) + 2'b_,(n) + 2'c,(n)
`
`(mod 4) ,
`
`n : O, l,
`
`, 254.
`
`The user index v determines the indexes r, S, and tof the constituent sequences in the following way:
`
`V:f'216+S'28+}",
`>
`
`r: 0, 1, 2,
`
`255
`
`s:0,1,2,...,255
`
`>
`
`r:0,1,2,...,255.
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`14
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`The quaternary sequence a,.(n) is generated by the recursive generator G0 defined by the polynomial
`
`g0(x)= x8+x5+3x3—x2+2x—I as
`
`a,(n): 3.a,(n-3) +1 .a,(n-5) + 3.a¢(n-6) +2.a,(n-7) + 3.a,(n-8) (mod 4).
`
`n:O, L2, ...,255.
`
`The binary sequence bS(n) is generated by the recursive generator G1 defined by the polynomial
`
`g,(x): x8+x7+x5+x—l
`
`as
`
`b5(n): b5(n-/)+ b_,.(n-3)+ b_,.(n- 7)+ b5(n-8) (mod 2).
`
`The binary sequence c,(n) is generated by the recursive generator G; defined by the polynomial
`
`g2(x): x8 lx7 lxfi lxi l 1
`
`as
`
`c,(n): c,(n-1)+ c,(n-3)+ c,(n-4)+ c,(n-8) (mod 2).
`
`An implementation of the short scrambling code generator is shown in Figure 7. The initial states for the binary
`generators G1 and G; are the two 8-bit words representing the indexes 5 and I in the 24-bit binary representation of the
`user index v, as it is shown in Figure 8.
`
`The initial state for the quaternary generator G0 is according to Figure 8. obtained after the transformation of 8-bit word
`representing the index r. This transformation is given by
`
`a,.(O) = 2v(O)+l
`
`(mod 4),
`
`a,.(/7) = 2v(/1) (m0a’4),
`
`/1 = 1,... ,7.
`
`The complex quadriphase sequence S,,(/7) is obtained from quaternary sequence z,.(n) by the mapping function given in
`Table 4.
`
`The Re{Sv(n)} and Im{Sv(n)} of the S(2) code are the pair of two binary sequences corresponding to input binary
`sequences c1 and C2 respectively described in 4.32
`
`Table 4. Mapping between S,(n) and z,.(n)
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00014
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`smn suspend aller
`every 255m chip 4» 4 7
`cycle
`
`fi/+ ) mod n addition
`
`multiplication
`
`+3>(>:<l
`
`!
`+3»:)V¢
`V
`,+2>lX>
`\
`7+ qr.
`"’+-\:l«jlj"+-\\,le(’:+\ ;4—<j"+-W47
`
`Figure 7. Uplink short scrambling code generator
`MST}
`Ilsermdex v
`
`(“WU
`
`t(s)
`
`(“Z
`
`Gcnuralur G2
`
`v’; mm mm ms; mjmjl|mx\ mjlzjl ml; mjmjl
`//
`3
`
`V‘
`
`Lugs)
`
`um L-‘(3)
`
`52
`
`Y
`
`L
`
`gm)
`
`um | M» M;
`
`| ml
`
`H2; my
`
`wax
`
`an
`us)
`/ X
`
`tutu)
`
`Gcnuralur G1
`
`./
`47)
`
`4,
`
`4(5)
`
`4,14.
`
`4(3)
`
`4,2
`
`2'
`
`Gunoralor Go
`
`“ml
`./
`
`\:
`nu)
`
`Figure 8. Uplink short scrambling code generator state initialisation
`
`The short scrambling code may, in rare cases, be changed during a connection.
`
`4.3.3
`
`Random access codes
`
`4.3.3.1
`
`Preamble spreading code
`
`The spreading code for the preamble part is cell specific and is broadcast by the base station. More than one preamble
`code can be used in a base station ifthe traffic load is high. The preamble codes must be code planned, since two
`neighbouring cells should not use the same preamble code.
`
`The code used is a real-valued 256 chip Oithogonal Gold code. All 256 codes are used in the system.
`
`The code sequences are constructed with the help offitwo binary m-sequences of length 255, x, and y, respectively. The
`x sequence is constructed using the polynomial l—X‘+X3+X4+X8. They sequence is constructed using the polynomial
`1 X'”X5lX6lX".
`
`no be the binary representation of the code number n (decimal) with no being the least significant bit. The x
`Let I17
`sequence depends on the chosen code number /7 and is denoted X” in the sequel. Furthermore, let x,,(/) and y(/) denote
`the i:th symbol of the sequence x,, and y, respectively
`
`The m-sequences x,, and y are constructed as:
`
`Initial conditions:
`
`x,,(())*ng, x,1(l)* 11,,
`
`*x,1(6)* I15, x,,(7)* n7
`
`y(0)‘y(/.)— 7/6.)/y(7.)*I
`
`Recursive definition of subsequent symbols:
`
`x,,(i l 8) :x,.,(i l 4)
`
`l x,.,(I'
`
`l 3)
`
`l x,,(i l 2)
`
`l x,,(z) modulo 2, i:0,..., 246,
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00015
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`16
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`y(i+8) ’y(i~6)+yfi+5)+y(i+3)—y(U modulo 2,
`
`i—0,
`
`246.
`
`The definition of the nzth code word follows (the left most index correspond to the chip transmitted first in each slot):
`
`CRACILH = < 0, x,/0) t)’(0)y xn(1)t)’(1).
`
`,x,/254) 11254) >,
`
`All sums of symbols are taken modulo 2.
`
`The preamble spreadingcode is described in Figure 9.
`
`shift register 1 (8 bit) to
`generate x sequence
`
`shift register 2 (8 bit) to
`generate y sequence
`
`4
`
`lélsl M l
`
`l0
`
`Egg EXOR
`
`Figure 9. Preamble spreadingcode generator
`
`Note that the code words always start with a constant ‘O’ symbol.
`
`Before modulation and transmission these binary code words are converted to real valued sequences by the
`transformation ‘O’ -> ‘+1’, ‘1’ -> ‘-1’.
`
`Note: WGI has accepted the 4096 chip long code spreading as a working assumption.
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00016
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`17
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`4.3.3.2
`
`Preamble signature
`
`The preamble part carries one of 16 diffe
`signatures are based on a set of Orthogon
`
`t orthogonal complex signatures oflen
`old codes of length 16 and are specifi
`
`6, < ,
`"n Tabl
`
`.
`
`, ..., P15>. The
`
`Note: WGl has accepted differential preambles additionally as a working assumption.
`
`Preamble symbols
`
`HE
`
`'
`
`'
`
`>HHEHHHHEHEEEEEHHEHEHHHHEEEBEEEEHEEEEEEHEEEEHEEEEHEEEEEEEEEEHEEHEEEEEEHHHEHHEHEEHEHEEEEEEHEHHEEEHEEEEE
`
`ZZZ
`
`K
`
`Table 5. Preamble signatures. A = l+j.
`
`4.3.3.3
`
`Channelization codes for the message part
`
`The signature in the pr
`length 16, as sh
`'n
`'
`rol (Q-bran
`data part (1-branc
`branch of the sub-tree. Ho
`cell, through the use ofa B
`
`esponds to channelization cod
`6 nodes in the code-tree that
`e specifies one of
`preading ofthe message part.
`w the specified node is used
`' ure 10. The sub-tree
`ode of spreading factor 256 in the lowest branch of the sub-tree.
`d with the channelizati
`tion codes from spreading factor 32 to 256 '
`upper-most
`n use any of the chann ‘
`ver, the system may restrict the set of codes (spreading factors) actu
`lowed in the
`message.
`
`3GPP
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08—00017
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`Signature 1
`
`.=>
`
`Sigznatlun 16
`
`‘:9
`
`mlffm:.'.::o"
`
`Control
`
`Figure 10. Channelization codes for the random access message part.
`
`Since the control part is always spread with a known channelization code of length 256, it can be detected by the
`NodeB. The rate information field of the control part informs the base station about the spreading factor used on the
`data part. With knowledge of the sub-tree (obtained from the preamble signature) and the spreading factor (obtained
`from the rate information), the NodeB knows which channelization code is used for the data part.
`
`<Editor’s note: possibly the replacement term for BS should be cell.>
`
`4.3.3.4
`
`Scrambling code for the message part
`
`In addition to spreading, the message part is also subject to scrambling with a l0 ms complex code. The scrambling
`code is cell-specific and has a one-to-one correspondence to the spreading code used for the preamble part.
`
`The scrambling codes used are from the same set of codes as is used for the other dedicated uplink channels when the
`long scrambling codes are used for these channels. The first 256 of the long scrambling codes are used for the random
`access channel. The generation of these codes is explained in Section 43.2.2. The mapping ofthese codes to provide a
`complex scrambling code is also the same as for the other dedicated uplink channels and is described in Section 4.3.2.
`
`4.4
`
`Modulation
`
`4.4.1
`
`Modulating chip rate
`
`The modulating chip rate is 4.096 Mcps. This basic chip rate can be extended to [l.O24, ]8.l92 or 16.384 Mcps.
`
`4.4.2
`
`Pulse shaping
`
`The pulse-shaping filters are root-raised cosine (RRC) with roll-off Oc:0.22 in the frequency domain.
`
`<Editor’s note: pulse shaping will be moved to appropriate WG4 documentation.>
`
`4.4.3
`
`Modulation
`
`In the uplink, the modulation of both DPCCH and DPDCH is BPSK. The modulated DPCCH is mapped to the Q-
`branch, while the first DPDCH is mapped to the I-branch. Subsequently added DPDCHS are mapped alternatively to
`the I or Q-branches.
`
`ZTE Corporation and ZTE (USA) Inc.
`
`Exhibit 1006.08-00018
`
`

`

`Spreading and modulation (FDD)
`
`TS 25.213 V2.1.0 (1999-06)
`
`5
`
`Downlink spreading and modulation
`
`5.1
`
`Spreading
`
`Figure 11 illustrates the spreading and modulation for the downlink DPCH. Data modulation is QPSK where each pair
`of two bits are serial-to-parallel converted and mapped to the I and Q branch respectively. The I and Q branch are then
`spread to the chip rate with the same channelization code cch (real spreading) and subsequently scrambled by the
`scrambling code Csmmh (complex scrambling).
`
`DPDC/H,/DPC/CH
`
`DPDCH2
`
`Figure 11. Spreading/modulation for downlink DPCH.