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`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
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`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION under 37 CFR 1.53 (b)(2).
`
`I Docket No.:6l605-8730
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`: Type (+)
`i
`inside box [+}
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`LAST NAIWE
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`lNVENTOR(S)/APPLICANT(S)
`FIRST NAME
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`RESIDENCE
`_
`(City and Either State or Foreign County)
`‘. I , ,
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`earwater, .
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`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 Characters)
`Embedded Modulations
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`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
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`
`
`Scott Horstemeycg
`THOMAS, KAYDEN, HORSTEME R & RISLEY, L.L.P.
`100 Galleria Parkway
`Suite 1500
`Atlanta Georgia 30339
`(77’o) 933-9500
`
`
`$150.00
`
`The invention was made by an agency ofthe United States Government or under a contract with an agency ofthe United States Government.
`[x] No.
`[ ] Yes, the name ofthe U.S. Government agency and the Government contract number are:
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` DATE: 9278c 5 /V72
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`TYPE or PRINTED NAME: Daniel R. McClure
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`[ ] Additional inventors are being named on separately numbered sheets attached hereto
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`REGISTRATION NO.:
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`
`38 962
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`E ress Mall Certificate ofMailin
`I hereby certify that this correspondence is being deposited with the United States Postal Service as
`"EXPRESS MAIL POST OFFICE TO ADDRESSEE", in an envelope addressed to: Box Provisional,
`' tant Commissioner for Parents Washington, D.C. 20231 on
` iJz§
`o1o5t.5‘i“I(p:lS
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`Express Mail No. fonns.hor\pmvisio.ncw
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`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 2301
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`[X
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`[x] Specification
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`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
`Number of Pages [5]
`[
`] Small Entity
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`] Drawings
`[ ] Other (specify):
`Number of Sheets [1]
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` METHOD OF PAYMENT (check one)
`[x] The Commissioner is authorized to charge
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`PROVISIONAL
`Paradyne Corporation's Deposit Account
`FILING FEE
`No. 16-0255
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`AMOUNT ($)
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`[X] The Commissioner is authorized to charge any
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`additional fees and credit over payment to Deposit
`Account No. 16-0255
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`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 2301
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`It-A
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`Abstract:
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`Wrzte here a conczse description of the Invention. Attempt to idelztifiz unique aspects. Convey essential details. Do not defer to any attachment.
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`A new method is introduced that permits concurrent use of different types of modems with drastically different
`levels of complexity and cost (10: 1)
`in a simultaneous multiple access communication system (such as that
`provided to date by Pinnacle). With this method, two or more premise modem types
`each with its own
`price/performance point
`can communicate to a single central telco point. Such capability is important to achieve
`the ability to offer both moderately-priced equipment/service such as Internet access and extremely low-cost
`equipment/service such as electrical power monitoring/control. Embedded modulation permits a secondary
`modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment normally located after the primary training
`sequence and the primary trailing sequence. This is done in such a way that a master multipoint modem can
`seamlessly communicate with both primary and secondary type tributary modems without data session disruption.
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`

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`IN
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`Background, Present State—of-the-Art and Similar Designs:
`Briefly describe the present state-ofithe-art ofthe technologyfield to which the invention applies. List and describe similar or related designs 0
`H Inch you are aware. Do not defer to any attachment. It is NOT necessaryfor the invent0r(s) to do patent searches to answer this question.
`
`In data communications to date, a given data transmitter/receiver (modem) always successfully communicates only
`with a modem that is compatible at
`the modulation or physical layer. This is true whether the data network
`architecture is point-to—point, multipoint, broadcast, star or other. For example, in (point-to-point) dial modems both
`communicating modems must operate, for example, in the V.34 mode or in the V22 mode. As another example, in
`a multipoint architecture all modems must operate, for example, in V.27bis mode. Although the modem equipments
`may contain several selectable modulations, a single common operating modulation must be negotiated at the
`beginning of an attempted data session and any necessity to change modulation requires data disruption and a new
`negotiation session.
`
`In a point—to-point communications architecture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication session with an
`incompatible modem, one or both of the modems will typically attempt several times to communicate and then cease
`further attempts. Communication on the link is impossible. The solution demands replacing at least one of the
`modems so that both have a common operating modulation.
`
`In a multipoint architecture, wherein a single “central site” (master) modem communicates to two or more
`“tributary” (trib) modems, the master communicates to all tribs with a single modulation method. If one or more of
`the tribs is not compatible,
`the master can not communicate with that trib. Moreover, repeated attempts by the
`master to communicate with that incompatible trib will disturb communication to any compatible tribs due to wasted
`communication attempt time. It is seen that no attempt is made in the prior art to mix incompatible trib modulations
`in a multipoint architecture.
`
`In the prior art, modems attempting to negotiate communication eventually seek to find a common modulation
`method (for example, after call establishment and network device disabling signaling in dial modems).
`If a common
`modulation method is found, the modems will then exchange sequences of signals that are particular subsets of all
`signals that can be communicated in the common modulation method. These sequences are commonly referred to as
`“training signals” and may be used to (1) confirm the common modulation method is available,
`(2) establish
`received signal level compensation, (3) establish time recovery and perhaps carrier recovery, (4) permit channel
`equalization and perhaps echo—cancellation, (5) exchange parameters needed to optimize performance and select
`certain optional features and (6) confirm successful achievement of all above prior to user data communication,
`In a
`multipoint architecture, the training also may include (7) the address of the communicating trib. Furthermore, at the
`end of a data session the modems may exchange other signals (“trailing signals”) for the purpose of reliably
`stopping the session and confirming that it has been stopped. This lS crucial for multipoint where failure to detect
`end of a session will delay or disrupt the next session.
`
`In Pinnacle, the training signal
`Note that not all aspects of the training and trailing signals need be included.
`consists of a Start-of-Frame (SOF) Symbol followed by SOF information encoded into modulation. The trailing
`signal consists of end-of-frame (EOF) information followed by an EOF symbol.
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`Continuing with the prior art, successful multipoint communication involves the following:
`
`tribs,
`1. Establishing a single common modulation method between all modems, both master and all
`2. Communicating training sequences of the common modulation between the master and one trib followed
`by:
`3. Communicating data by the common modulation between the master and one trib,
`4. Communicating trailing sequences of the common modulation between the master and one trib,
`5.
`after which 2-3 are repeated between the master and another trib.
`Such multipoint communication signaling is depicted in Figure 1. Here the master transmits first to all tribs and
`that transmission includes information that requests Trib #1, and only Trib #1, to return a transmission. Upon
`successfully receiving the Trib #1 transmission, the master transmits to all
`tribs and that transmission includes
`information that requests Trib #2, and only Trib #2, to return a transmission.
`(Note that Figure 1 implies a two—wire
`half—duplex multipoint system, but the concept is often replied to four—wire systems as well.)
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`~
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`Background, Present State-of-the-Art and Similar Designs (CONTINUED):
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`Failure to successfully complete all above signalings causes the data sessions to fail and a disruptive recovery
`mechanism must ensue that attempts to restart.
`
`In a simultaneous multiple access (SMA) DSL system, such as that provided by Pinnacle and disclosed via various
`Paradyne patent disclosures, a master communicates with one or more tribs over a single wire pair. Communication
`is polled multipoint:
`that is, the master controls the initiation of its own transmission (outbound) and allows the
`transmission of each tnbs (inbound). This polled communication may involve either half-duplex or full-duplex
`outbound and inbound. According to the prior art, all tribs must have a common modulation.
`
`Yet, there is desire for one (moderately-priced) trib to be able to communicate at the highest reliable data rate for
`some applications such as Internet access while another (lowest-cost) trib is communicating at a lower data rate for
`other applications such as power monitoring/controL These communications must occur nearly concurrently without
`disruption to one another. That is, an attempt to control power must be successful at all times, whether or not the
`Internet is being accessed. And such an attempt must not significantly degrade or disrupt the Internet access.
`
`These needs can not be properly met by a single modulation. A high performance modulation, such as QAM, CAP
`or DMT, that is InItially optimized for high performance and will continue to be improved, will demand state-of-the
`art implementatiOn devices that are relatively costly. This is true even if such a high performance modulation is
`"degraded" to operate at its lowest data rate and with its poorest acceptable performance. A low performance
`modulation, such as FSK, PAM or DSB, may implemented in much, much less expensive devices. It is acceptable
`for a master modem to have the cost/performance demanded by the high performance modulation.
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`As can be seen With reference to Figure 2, if two tribs have different transmit and receive modulations the mUltipoint
`data session can not reliably operate. Assume the master and trib #1 have modulation type A and trib #2 has
`modulation type B. As the master transmits, this immediately causes disruptive reception in trib #2. Thus trib #2 is
`unaware of any communication attempt by the master and certainly cannot receive any information. This usually
`causes disruption 1D the overall communications due to the master waiting excessively for a response from Trib #2.
`Note also that any attempt by Trib #2 to unilaterally attempt transmission to the master will similarly disrupt
`communications
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`3
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`ID)
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`Summary Description:
`Descrzbe the Il‘lVEI7ll0I1 in the general terms of the technology to which the invention pertams. If necessary, refer to included or attached diagrams
`andfigures. This description should not exceed perhaps 10 pages
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`Embedded modulation permits a secondary modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment
`normally located after the primary training sequence and the primary trailing sequence. This is done in such a way
`that a master multipoint modem can seamlessly communicate with both primary and secondary type tributary
`modems.
`
`In embedded modulations, the Type A and Type B master modem conveys information to Type A & Type B tribs.
`Reference Figure 3.
`For communication with Type A tribs, the normal Pinnacle or prior art sequence is followed (refer to Figure 4a). As
`seen below,
`the Type B tribs (conditioned to ignore Type A signals)
`ignore Type A communications.
`For
`communication with Type B tribs, the master (refer to Figure 4b):
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`1.
`2.
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`3.
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`4.
`5.
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`begins transmission of modulation Type A,
`notifies, via the training sequence, tribs Type A of an impending change to Type B (perhaps for a stipulated
`amount of time or bits),
`changes to modulation Type B and conveys user information (perhaps a stipulated amount) and likely a trib
`address,
`reverts to Type A and transmits a trailing sequence at the conclusion of its transmission poll,
`conditions itself to receive either Type A or Type B according to the trib modulation it requested in response to
`the above transmission sequence.
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`Type A tribs ignore the above communication to Type B without disruption or passing incorrect user data:
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`1.
`
`.439’
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`correctly receive the master Type A modulation and training sequence and notification of impending Type B,
`condition themselves to ignore type B signals, locking normal receiver algorithms to avoid disruptive signals
`and incorrect data,
`condition themselves to correctly receive only a Type A trailing sequence,
`remain silent and await a Type A modulation addressed to the trib in question.
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`Type B tribs receive the Type B information:
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`PE*’!"’.“
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`5.
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`condition themselves to ignore Type A modulations and to receive Type B modulations,
`receive the Type B user information which will usually contains addressing for a particular trib,
`conclude reception of Type B (perhaps at the end of a stipulated amount of time),
`if the address requested so, transmit Type B information to the master per the poll request (otherwise remain
`silent),
`revert to ignoring non—type B signals.
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`Note that the above can be extended to additional types of modulations and can be extended to other multi-modem
`network topologies.
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`Extensions:
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`It should be understood that the above description can be improved. As noted above, the concepts can be extended to
`more than two types of modulations and other communication topologies. Also, information can be added to the
`Type A training and trailing sequences that bolster performance or assure better error performance or improve
`reliability. Likewise, information can be added to the Type B data signal to achieve similar benefits. Furthermore,
`the physical layer attributes of Type B can be altered.
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`
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`HL
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`4
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`Summary Advancement and Unigueness:
`[dentzfy here the unique advancementm) achieved, perhaps by reference to a problem solved. This descrzpzion should seek to clearly identify what
`may be claimed as tmzque III a patent Do not defer to any attachment.
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`The advancements include:
`
`1. The concurrent utilization of two or more types of modem modulations on a communication channel.
`
`2‘ The above with such modulations occupying substantially equivalent spectra at substantially"concurrent time
`periods.
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`3. The seamless communication from a master multipoint modem to two or more different tributary modem types.
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`4. The inclusion of a secondary modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment normally
`located after the primary training sequence and the primary trailing sequence.
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`
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`Embedded Modulation Example:
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`A practical example is the two-wire polled multipoint DSL embodied in Pinnacle.
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`Without embedded modulations, all tribs must possess substantially all the transceiver features and cost of a full
`performance Pinnacle. That is, with the usual 64 kbaud (640 kbps), IP/PPP/PMAP/P-CAP protocol Pinnacle, all
`tribs must be capable of transmitting and receiving 64 kbaud. Only minor cost reductions can be achieved by
`restricting a lower cost trib to fewer bits per symbol
`saving some cost in the AFE and the DSP. An example cost
`reduction may be from $50 to $40.
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`With embedded modulation, Type B tribs can be, say, 16 kbps FSK modemsl without need for any protocol such as
`above. It is estimated that such a modem core can be implemented for a cost of perhaps $5.
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`The above extremely low cost and respectable data rates allow a mix of both top—performance Pinnacles for Internet
`access applications and extremely—low cost products such as power meter control/monitors.
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`
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`I For example, Fl = 32 kHz, F2 ; 64 kHz.
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`Master
`Transceiver
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`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
`
`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
`
`Trib #1
`Transceiver
`
`Trib #2
`Transceiver
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`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
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`>>>>> time >>>>>
`
`railing
`Training Data
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`Signal
`Signal Signal
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`FIGURE 1: Prior Art Multipoint Signals (single modulation type for master and tribs)
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`Signal
`
`Signal Signal
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` Transceiver Training Data Trailing
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`Master
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`Type A
`Trib #1
`Transceiver
`vne A
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`Tnb #2
`Tramcewer
`
` TveB
`
`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
`
`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
`
`>>>>> time >>>>>
`
`Training Data Trailing
`Signal
`Signal Signal
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`FIGURE 2: Prior Art Multipoint Signals (different modulation types)
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`Trib #2
`Transceiver
`Tve B
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`
`
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`Trib #1
`Transceiver
`Tye A
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`
`
`Trib #3
`Transceiver
`Tye A
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`Trib #4
`Transceiver
`Tye B
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`FIGURE 3: Embedded Modulation Multipoint Network
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`Type A Modulation
`Data Signal to Type ATrib
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`Type B Modulation
`Data Signal to Type B Trib with Type 8 address
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`Type A Modulation
`Trailing Signal
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`
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`Type A Modulation
`Trailing Signal
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`Master
`Transceiver
`Type A+B
`
`
`Type A Modulation
`Training Signal
`(with Type A Address)
`
`Type A Modulation
`Training Signal
`(with notification of
`change to Type B)
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`FIGURES 4a & 4B: Embedded Modulation Master Transmissions
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