IEEE Std 100-1996
`
`The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
`Electrical and Electronics Terms
`
`Sixth Edition
`
`Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
`Jane Radatz, Chair
`
`
`This standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
`organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
`tinder the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus—based process.
`:
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`ISBN l-5593?-533-E
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`90000
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`9 781559 378338
`
`
`
`Exhibit 1306 01/03
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`.
`
`mode shape (mech
`
`’da;l\pr°'3ga‘i°‘i i°“°SDher-ice
`:ess ofdeteiinining the degree:
`gn. or implementation of a mod 0
`aspects ol the system being mo:1
`cation. See also.'.fidelity.
`.
`(C) 6103-1
`mg the degree to which a m°9§9
`1 of the real world from the
`el
`:3) Of the model.
`per‘
`(C/DIS)
`1278.3-1995
`ocess of determ'
`h
`‘
`:a1ization steps Idlfnf rlr1t:d:le'gl"ee
`rements and the design or’ her
`iplementation. Contrast: mod:
`(C) 6103-1939
`ng that a model implementari
`’el°P€1"s conceptual descriptign
`(C/DIS) 12783-1992
`1) A contraction of 1MOdula:o
`t.
`it
`that connects data term.
`an line.
`(PE) 599-19812”
`lta acquisition, and autom tlv
`ulator device that converts 5:5:
`th
`‘
`.
`:..::::°;r* ?°““
`B) C37.l-1994, C37.100-1992
`letworks) A modulator-dernod
`zncodes digital information onta
`rying the amplitude, frequency
`demodulator extracts digital in.
`adified carrier. A modern tran
`rn suitable for transmission over
`(C/I-M) 8027-1989
`and dernodulates signals trans.
`ion facilities. One of the func-
`3_ digital data to be transmitted
`l‘d°S-
`(PE/SUB) 999-1992
`3i:T;(i3dulEiltl0l'l and demodulation
`V
`gna s over communication
`-ed as an abbreviation for mod-
`Y.‘ data set; demodulator-mod.
`
`aV received into an
`(C) 6107-1995
`of modem status lines.
`(C/PA)
`20o3.1’—1992
`
`31'.
`
`:u1ts) The characteristic pattern
`Sequence and duration of com-
`: Most thyristor converters and
`1:333 of °Pe1'a‘i0I1, Which may
`d
`rrcnt wave. The particular
`epends “P011 the circuit con-
`ectifier circuit element
`
`(IA) 444-1973r
`V
`guides) A form of propagation
`°‘°’iZ°d by a Particular field
`‘ the ddecddn ef P1'0Pagation,
`ent of position along the axis
`3 Case of uniconductor wave-
`gllfulag mode of propagation
`Y.
`ee also: waveguide
`wave than can advance and
`2 axis of a transmission line
`lg: electromagnetic field par-
`'
`, “S (except f0!" 3 monotonic
`direction of propagation due
`9 present to some degree in
`(MTT) 1004-1987w
`
`‘Ii-lc Representation of a trans-
`°PS between the end points
`ars producing the ionospheric
`
`
`
`de of resonance
`reflections being indicated for each hop. Example: 1F + 1
`‘epresents a hop with an ionospheric reflection in the,F region
`ollowed by a reflection at the ground, followed, in turn, by
`ahop with a reflection from the E region.
`(AP) 211-1990
`ode of resonance (waveguide) A form of natural electromag-
`iietic oscillation in a resonator, characterized by a particular
`‘field pattern.
`1
`(MTT) 146-1980w
`“ ode of vibration (vibratory body, such as a piezoelectric
`crystal unit) A pattern of motion of the individual particles
`t
`t
`.
`1‘ dt
`th bod , ‘ts
`ro erties, and the
`modified-off-the-shelf (MOTS) Software product that is 31-
`app le
`0
`e
`y 1
`p p
`ready developed and available, usable either “as is” or with
`See also: crystal.
`1
`tions. Three common modes of vibration are
`modification, and provided by the supplier, acquirer, or athird
`(EEC/PE)
`[119]
`flexural, extensional, and shear.
`pally‘
`.
`_
`(_C/SE) 10621993
`fiber optics) A deviceforinducingmode
`
`cou ling in an optical fiber Synonym: mode mixer. See also: modlded Perfermanee test A t<’—St= “1 ‘he “as fohhd” eendmenv
`lgriode scrambler‘ (A) (
`mode coupling (B) (fiber optics) A device composed ofone
`ef 3 batteryes eaPaehY and its abilitytoprovide a high-rate,
`I “or more optical fibers in which strong mode coupling occurs.
`Shomddraddnload (usually thehifdhestrateef‘he‘idly eyele)
`VNote: Frequently used to provide a mode distribution that is
`that Wdl Cdndrm the baderyldabdny te meet the endeal pe‘
`'
`meets other SpeC_
`nod of the load duty cycle, in addition to determining its
`dc mixer. See also: mode coupling.
`Percentage df rated capacity‘
`(PE) 4504995
`\ "independent of source characteristics or that
`»
`(stdloo) 312_1984w modified source statements Original source statements that
`5' iflcations. Synonym: mo
`anical) A plot that shows displacements of
`have been Changed‘
`(C/SE) 1d45'1992
`Various points in the vibrating Structure at aparticular instant modify (A)To changethecontents ofadatabase. (B)Tochange
`* -in time. There is a characteristicmode shape associated with
`the ldglcal Sddctdre °f a database‘ See also" alter:
`* each natural frequency of a vibrating structure.
`(C) 61054990
`,
`(PE/SWG/SUB) c37.100—1992, C37.122-1983s, M°d“13 2 5%‘ MODUW LAng“age 11-
`-
`'C37.'122.1_1993 MODULA [I See: MODUlar LAnguage ll.
`mode stripper See: cladding mode stripper.
`mddular(Software) cdmpdseddfdiscrete?
`‘mode transducer (waveguide components) A devicefortrans-
`ular decomposmom modular pmgmmmmg‘
`* —
`—
`e
`1
`(C) 610.12-1990
`f rmin -an electromagnetic wave from one mode of propa-
`_
`_
`—
`_
`_
`vgztiongo another.
`'
`~
`'
`(MTT)
`147_1979W modular-assembly A circuit breaker element consisting of
`scaled interrupters, mechanism, and connecting terminals.
`mode transformer See: mode transducer.
`(PE/SWG) C37V59_1996
`V
`‘_“°de Voltage S955 glew V°ltage'
`v
`A
`modular constraint See: gridiconstraint.
`~
`mhde V°1“me (fiber Wiles) The “umber eflbednd modes that modular decomposition (software) The process of breaking a
`, an epdeal Waveguide is Capable ef Sdppdrdngifer V5’ 3p’
`system into components tofacilitate design and development;
`" P“-‘xhhately 8iV°h by V2/2 '<1hd(V2/Zlg/(8 + 2)]» Yespeedvelyt
`an element of modular programming. Synonym: modulariza-
`" f0‘ Step index and P°WeT‘laW Prefile Wiweguides» Where 3 is
`tion. See also: cohesion; coupling; demodularization; factor-
`the Profile Paralnetéra ehd V is hormahzed fTe‘l“eheY- See
`ing; functional decomposition; hierarchical decomposition;
`610.12-1990
`—. ralsofeffective mode volume; mode; normalized frequency;
`pacVkagingV
`V
`. Pewerdaw index Prefilei Step mdex Profile; V number‘
`modularity (software) The degree to which a system or com-
`’
`(stdldd) 812‘1984W
`puter program is composed of discrete components such that
`modification (A) (software) A change made to software, See
`rhas minimalimpact on othercom-
`V
`V
`V
`_
`a change to one componen
`‘ ‘also: software. (B) (software) The process of changing soft-
`ponents. See also: cohesion; coupling.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`V
`V
`_
`(C/SE) 72949835 modularizationv See: modular decomposition.
`ware. See also: software. '
`-
`.
`ltlodificatioil requ
`_
`V
`lar LAnguage II (MODULA II) A programming lan-
`est (MR) A genericterm that includes the MODU
`f0III1S aSS0<>iat€d With the V3-1’i°11S'h"°hh1° PT0h1€=m'1'CP°1’hh8
`guage developed, as an expanded version»ofPascal, tosupport
`’
`documents (e.g.,
`mathematical ca1_
`incident report,
`' trouble YEPOYU and the
`modular design, structured programs, and
`°°hh8uTah°h Change °0htY°1d0C“m'3h‘-
`culations. See also: block-structured language.
`(C) 610.13—1993
`(c/sen) 1219-1992
`V
`(software) A software development
`recovery voltage The circuit tran- modular programming
`modified circuit transient
`dified in accordance with the nor-
`technique in which software is developed as a collection of
`ltage and the asymmetry of the
`modules. See also: data structure-centered design; input-pro-
`sient recovery voltage mo
`current wave obtained on a particular interruption. Note.'.This
`cess-output; modular decomposition; object-oriented design;
`mal-frequency recovery vo
`f the particular interruption
`rapid prototyping; stepwise refinement; structured design;
`with respect to recovery-voltage phenomena.
`transaction analysis; transform analysis.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`voltage indicates the severity o
`(PE/swo) C37.100-1992 MODULAR II See: MODUlar LAnguage 11.
`fiance re- modulate (A) To convert voice or data signal for transmission
`dimodified impedance relay An impedance formof dis
`over a communications network. Contrast: demodulate.
`lay for which the operating characteristic of the distance unit
`more attributes of a carrier (amplitude,
`t (B) To Vary one or
`having its center displaced from
`h that the frequency information in the
`on an R-X diagram is a circle
`frequency, phase) suc
`d by its inverse process.
`the origin. Note: It may be described by the equation
`modulating signal can be recovere
`’
`1
`(C) 1610.7-1995
`Z2 = 2K,z,,,,(e — 01.) = VK, — K12‘
`V
`modulated 12.5T pulse (linear Waveform distortion) A burst
`here K1., K2, and OL are constants and 0 is the phase angle by
`nominally 3.58 MHZ. The
`of color subcarrier frequency of
`which the input voltage leads the input current. —
`~ envelope of the burst is sine shaped with a HAD of nominally
`.
`_
`(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992
`1.56 us. The MOD 12.5T pulse consiststof a luminance and
`modified index of refraction (radio-wave propagation) In the
`a chrominance component. The envelope of the frequency
`troposphere, the sum of the refractive index at a given height
`spectrum consists of two parts, namely signal energy concen-
`» h above the mean local surface and the ratio of this height
`trated in the luminance region below 0.6 MHz and in the
`to the geometrical mean radius of the Earth.
`chrominance region from roughly 3 MHz to 4.2 MHz. »
`»
`
`661
`
`modulated 12.5T pulse
`nt transient recovery voltage (transient re-
`E modified inhere
`The TRV (transient recovery voltage) that
`covery voltage)
`of a circuit (that produces the
`results from the interaction
`inherent transient recovery voltage) and the impedance (ca-
`pacitors, resistors, etc.) of an interrupting device without the
`modifying effects of an arc and its voltage. Modifying im-
`pedances, such as Capacitors and resistors, are sometimes in-
`cluded as part of a switching device to modify the TRV.
`(PE/SWG) C37.04E-l985w, C37.100-1992.
`C37.l00B-l986w, C37.4D-1985w
`
`arts. See also: mod-
`
`(AP) 211-1990
`
`Exhibit 1306 02/03
`
`

`
`
`
`mod
`tt
`
`mot
`
`Jr
`
`synonymous with the sine amplitude response. That is, the
`.-response of the imaging sensor to sinewave images. When
`the modulation transfer functions or MTFs of a linear sensor’s
`components are known, the overall system MTF can be found
`by multiplying the individual component MTFS together.
`(ED) 503-l978w
`
`‘modulator-demodulator See: modem.
`
`module (1) (nuclear power generating station) Any assembly
`of interconnected components that constitutes an identifiable
`device, instrument, or piece of equipment. A module can be
`disconnected, removed as a unit, and replaced with a spare.
`It has definable performance characteristics that permit it to
`be tested as a unit. A module could be a card, a drawout circuit
`breaker, or other subassembly of a larger device, provided it
`meets the requirements of this definition.
`(PE) 308-1991, 497-1981w, 603-1991, 622B-1988r
`(2) (cable penetration fire stop qualification test) An open-
`ing in a fire resistive barrier so located and spaced from ad-
`jacent modules (openings) that its respective cable penetration
`fire stop’s performance will not affect the performance of
`cable penetration fire stops in any adjacent module. A module
`may take on any shape to permit the passage of cables from
`one or any number of raceways.
`(ED) 581-l978w
`(3) (A) (software) A program unit that is discrete and iden-
`tifiable with respect to compiling, combining with other units,
`and loading; for example, the input to, or output from, an
`assembler, compiler,
`linkage editor, or executive routine.
`(B) (software) A logically separable part of a program. Note:
`The terms “module,” “component,” and “unit” are often used
`interchangeably or defined to be sub-elements of one another
`in different ways depending upon the context. The relation-
`ship of these terms is not yet standardized.
`
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(4) (STEbus) A plug-in unit consisting of one or more boards
`that contains at least one bus interface conforming to IEEE
`Std 1000-1987, which plugs into the backplane.
`1000.-1987r
`‘
`(C/MM)
`(5) Collection of circuitry designed to perform specific func-
`tions that includes an interface to Futurebus+.
`(BA/C) 10857-1994, 8963-1993, 896.4-1993
`(6) (MULTIBUS) A basic functional unit within an agent.
`(C/MM) 1296-19873
`(C/MM)
`1196-1987
`(7) (NuBus) See also: board.
`(8) A board or board set that comprises a single physical unit.
`It provides mechanical mounting and protection of electronic
`components, thermal transfer of heat away from the compo-
`nents to an external heat sink, and electrical and fiber-optic
`"connections. A module is removable and replaceable.
`'
`(BA/C) 14536-1995
`(9) A plug-in unit per IEC 50.
`(BA/C) 1101.3-1993, 1101.4-1993
`(10) A board, or board set, consisting of one or more nodes,
`that share a physical interface to SCI. If a module has multiple
`boards with backplane-mating connectors, it only uses one
`for the logical connection to the node. The others may provide
`additional power or 1/0 for their associated boards, but other-
`wise merely pass the input link signals through to the output
`link to provide continuity in case the module is plugged into
`a ring-connected backplane.
`(C/MM) 1596-1992
`(11) Typically a board assembly and its associated mechan-
`ical parts, front panel, optional shields, etc., which contains
`everything required to occupy a slot in a mainframe. A mod-
`ule may occupy one or more slots.
`(C/MM) 1155-1992
`(12) A collection of circuitry that is designed to perform a
`specific operation. This is standard tenninology for Future-
`bus+, while VME64 uses board synonymously.
`(BA/C) 1014.1-1994
`(13) A board, or board set, consisting of one or more nodes
`that share a physical interface. Although only one board in a
`module connects to bus signals, each board connector could
`provide power from the bus.
`(C/MM)
`1212-1991s
`(14) An electronic circuit assembly that connects to one or
`more slots on the backplane. It is removable from and re-
`
`-
`
`modulation
`
`662
`
`module
`
`___,
`
`3.58 MHZ
`BURST
`
`‘j
`
`HAD
`
`1.56 p.S
`12.5T
`
`
`
`.11
`
`
`
`ll.
`
`Envelope of frequency spectrum of modulated 12.5Tpulse
`modulated 12.5T pulse
`
`(BT) 511-1979w
`modulation (1) (A) (data transmission) (Carrier). (i) The pro-
`cess by which some characteristic of a carrier is varied in
`accordanceqwith a modulating wave. (ii) The variation of
`some characteristic of a carrier. See also: angle modulation;
`modulation index. (B) (data transmission) (Signal transmis-
`sion system). (i) A process whereby certain characteristics of
`a wave, often called the carrier, are varied or selected in ac-
`cordance with a modulating function. (ii) The result of such
`a process. See also: angle modulation; modulation index.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(2) (diode-type camera tube) The ratio of the difference be-
`tween tl1e maximum and minimum signal currents divided by
`the sum. To avoid ambiguity, the optical input image intensity
`shall be assumed to be sinusoidal in the direction of scan.
`’
`(ED) 503-1978w_
`(3) (fiber optics) A controlled variation with time of any
`property of a wave for the purpose of transferring informa-
`tion.
`(Stdl0O) 812-1984w
`(4) (overhead-power-line corona and radio noise) The pro-
`cess by which some characteristic of a carrier is varied in
`accordance with a modulating signal.
`
`(PE/T&D) 539-1990
`(5) (broadband local area networks) The method whereby
`information is superimposed onto a RF carrier to transport’
`signals through a communications charmel.
`'
`(C/LM) 802.7-1989
`(6) The process of changing or regulating the characteristics
`of a carrier that is vibrating at a certain amplitude and fre-
`quency so that the variations represent meaningful informa-
`tion. Contrast: demodulation.
`(C) 6107-1995
`modulation contrast (diode-type camera tube) The ratio of
`the difference between the peak and the minimum values
`of irradiance to the sum of the peak and the minimum value
`of irradiance of an image or specified portion of an image.
`(ED) 503-1978w
`modulation index (angle modulation with a sinusoidal'mod-
`ulating function) (data transmission) The ratio of the fre-
`quency deviation of the modulated wave to the frequency of-
`the modulating function.—‘Note: The modulation index is nu-
`merically equal to the phase deviation expressed in radians.
`V
`(PE) 599-l985w
`modulation threshold (illuminating engineering) In the case
`of a square wave or sine wave grating, manipulation of lu-
`minance differences can be specified in terms of modulation
`' and the threshold may be called the modulation threshold.
`Lrnax _ Lmin
`modulation =
`min
`max + L
`.
`.
`.
`Periodic patterns that are not sine wave can be specified in
`terms of the modulation of the fundamental sine wave com-
`ponent. The number of periods or cycles per degree of visual
`angle represents the spatial frequency.
`(EEC/IE)
`[126]
`modulator A device that converts a signal into a modulated
`signal that is suitable for transmission.
`(C) 6107-1995
`modulation transfer function (diode-type camera tube)
`R°(N), the modulus of the optical transfer function (OTF), is
`
`Exhibit 1306 03/03