MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SIXTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`Newnes
`o
`Boston Oxford Iohannesbur Melbourne New Delhi S"
`R
`BRANDT ExHI§‘i“i‘ 5215
`
`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 2215
`
`

`

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`advances
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`effectiveli
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`definition
`actual use
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`Every;
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`electronic
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`which its
`a clear an
`level of ca
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`prise that
`probably
`contains (
`and relate
`fifth editi
`
`filled the
`were revi
`enhance t
`definition
`
`updated, :
`While I
`the field o
`evolve an-
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`ings. The
`periodical
`welcomed
`
`—
`
`Newnes is an imprint ofButterworth-Heinemann
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Butterworth—Heinemann
`
`Q A member of the Reed Elsevier group
`
`All rights reserved.
`:1 may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
`No part ofthis publicatiu
`or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`or transmitted in any form
`thout the prior written pcnnission of the publisher.
`recording, or otherwise, wi
`Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written,
`free paper whenever possible.
`Butterworth—Heinemann prints its books on acid-
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`Modem dictionary of electronics / by RudolfF. Graf. —— 6th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Reprint. Originally published: Indianapolis, Ind.
`© 1984.
`ISBN 0-7506-9870-5
`1. Electronics—Dictionaries.
`TK7804.G67
`1996
`621 .381’03——dc 20
`
`: H.W. Sarns,
`
`96-25 894
`CIP
`
`ing-in-Publication Data
`book is available from the British Library.
`
`British Library Catalogu
`A catalogue record for this
`The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders ofthis book.
`For information, please contact:
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`Edited by: Charlie Bufiington and Jack Davis
`Illustrated by: T.R. Emrick
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 221 5
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`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 2215
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`

`

`632
`
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`arrier is
`!quency
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`633
`
`modulated light-modulation indicator
`
`tone. In telegraphy service, the carrier is
`keyed to produce the modulation.
`modulated lighr -Light whose intensity
`has been made to vary in accordance with
`variations in an audio-frequency or code
`signal.
`modulated oscillator - An oscillator the
`output frequency of which is varied by an
`input signal.
`modulated photoelectric alarm sys(cid:173)
`tem- A photoelectric alarm sy$tem in
`which the transmitted light beam is modu(cid:173)
`lated in a predetermined manner and in
`which the receiving equipment will signal
`an alarm unless it receives the properly
`modulated light.
`modulated signal generator-A device
`which produces an output signal that may
`be changed in amplitude and/or frequen(cid:173)
`cy according to a desired pattern. It is
`calibrated in units of both power (or volt(cid:173)
`age) and frequency .
`modulated stage-The radio-frequency
`stage to which the modulator is coupled
`and in which the conrinuous wave (carrier
`wave) is modulated, in accordance with
`the system of modularion .and the charac(cid:173)
`teris\ics of the modulating wove..
`modulated wave - A carr·ier wave in
`which the amplitude, frequency, or phase
`varies in accordance with intelligence sig(cid:173)
`nal being transmitted .
`modulating ampiiOer using variable
`reactance -
`A very-high-frequency
`electron-beam parametric amplifier with
`bandpass characteristics that are indepen(cid:173)
`dent· of gain, and which is unconditionally
`stable.
`modulating electrode-In a cathode-ray
`tube, an electrode to which a potential is
`applied to control the magnitude of the
`beam current.
`modulating signal -
`Wove.
`modulating wave - Also called modulat(cid:173)
`ing signal, or simply signal. A wave which
`varies some characteristic (i.e., frequen (cid:173)
`cy, amplitude, phose) of the carrier.
`modulation -
`I . The process of modify(cid:173)
`ing some characteristic of a wave (called a
`carrier) so that it varies in step with the
`instantaneous value of another wave
`(called a modulating wave or signal). The
`carrier can be a direct current, an alter(cid:173)
`nating current (provided its frequency is
`above the highest frequency component
`in the modulat ing wave), or a series of
`regularly repeating, uniform pulses called
`a pulse chain (provided their repetition
`rate is at least twice that of the highest
`freque11Cy to be trans!)litted). 2. The con(cid:173)
`trolled variation of frequency, phase
`and/or amp.litude of a carrier wave of any
`frequency in order to transmit a message.
`3. In fiber optics, the man.nc:r in which
`Information is coded imo light for trans(cid:173)
`mission through a fiber. The modulation
`
`See Modulating
`
`method may be either pulse modulation
`(digital: or intensity modulation (analog).
`4. The process of varying one signal with
`another. 5. The imposing of o signal on
`some rypc of transmission or storage
`medium, such as a radio carrier or mag(cid:173)
`netic rape. 6. The process, or results of
`the process, whereby some characteristic
`o one s1gnul is varied in accordance with
`another signal. The modulated signal is
`called the carrier and may be modulated
`in three fundamental w ys: by \'arying the
`amplitude (amplitude modula~ion) by
`varying the frequency (frequency modu(cid:173)
`lation ) or hy varying the:. phase (phast'
`modulation).
`modulation capability-The maximum
`percentage of modulation possible with(cid:173)
`out objectionable distortion.
`modu'Jadon cod.e-A code used to cause
`variations in a signal in accordance with a
`predetermined scheme,; normally used to
`alter or modulate a car.ricr wave to trans(cid:173)
`mit data.
`modulation distortion - Distortion
`oacurring in the radio-frequency amplifi(cid:173)
`er tube of a receiver when the operating
`point is at the bend of the grid- volt(cid:173)
`age/plate-current characteristic curve. As
`a result, the plate-cu.rrc:nt changes are
`greater oo positive than on negative half(cid:173)
`cycles. The effect is equivalent to an in(cid:173)
`crease in the percent.of modulation.
`modulation envelope -A curve, drawn
`through the peaks of a graph, showing
`bow the waveform of a modulated carrier
`represents the wavefoan of the intelli(cid:173)
`gence car· ied by the signal. The modula(cid:173)
`tion cnvr pe is the intc.lligence wave(cid:173)
`form.
`
`INTELLIGENCE (MODULATION ENVELOPE )
`
`CARRIER
`
`Modulation envelope.
`
`In an amplitude(cid:173)
`modulation factor -
`modulated wave, the ratio of half the dif(cid:173)
`ference between the maximum and min(cid:173)
`imum amplitudes to the average am(cid:173)
`plitude. This ratio is multiplied by 100 to
`obtain the percentage of modulation .
`modulation frequency -
`T hat signal
`which causes the om put frequency of an
`oscillator to be modulated.
`modulation index -
`I. In frequency
`modulation with a sinusoidal modu.lating
`wave, the ratio of the freq uency deviation
`to the frequency of rhc modulating wove.
`2. A measure of the degree of modulation.
`modulation indicator-A relative indi-
`
`REMBRANDT EXHIBIT 2215
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