`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US008457228B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Bremer
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`*Jun. 4, 2013
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`375/305, 308; 455/102, 110; 332/108, 119,
`332/120, 151
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Gordon F. Bremer, Clearwater, FL (US)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the tenn of this
`patent is extended or adjusted lmder 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 13/198,568
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Aug.4, 2011
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2012/0106604 A1
`
`May 3, 201 2
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 12/543,910, filed on
`Aug. 19, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,023,580, which is a
`continuation of application No. 11/774,803, filed on
`Jul. 9, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,675,965, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/412,878, filed on
`Apr. 14, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,248,626, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/205,205,
`filed on Dec. 4, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,614,838.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/067,562, filed on Dec.
`5, 1997.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L5112
`(52) U.S. Ct.
`USPC ........... 375/261; 375/295; 455/102; 332/108;
`332/119; 332/151
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC ................. 375/261,269, 285, 222, 298,302,
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`3,736,528 A
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`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`"Conelrad Emergency Radio Notification System Born in 1951",
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`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner- Dac Ha
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm- Condo Roccia LLP
`
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`A device may be capable of communicating using at least two
`type types of modulation methods. Methods and systems are
`provided for communication of data according to a commu(cid:173)
`nications method in which a master transceiver communi(cid:173)
`cates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`master/slave relationship. A first data message may include
`first information and second information that are modulated
`according to a first modulation method. The second informa(cid:173)
`tion may include lower data rate data. A second data message
`may include third information that may be modulated accord(cid:173)
`ing to the first modulation method and that may indicate an
`impending change to a second modulation method. The sec(cid:173)
`ond modulation method may be used for transmitting fourth
`information, and the fourth information may be included in
`the second message. 'lhe fourth information may include
`higher data rate data, for example lntemet access data.
`
`52 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`, • r:
`
`! '!'),'!~-"!A ~M>cl<ul-&6.~ }
`i '1'!1<,\lll>~ S!v\«l
`I
`--------.···-·---~---·---.........l_ _______ j
`
`··ry;>«.A MI?"''M~<·~
`p,~ S•!!"o! :(> 't)'pr. A Tn\'o
`
`EXHIBIT 1223
`1/7/15 Jipgs
`
`reporter: lN\arla s~rp
`RPfl,a.R,CCJI.II, C!lll ll!J24
`
`Exhibit 1223 Page 01 of 19
`
`
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`
`Exhibit 1223 Page 02 of 19
`
`
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`Page 3
`
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`Exhibit 1223 Page 03 of 19
`
`
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`Page4
`
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`
`• cited by examiner
`
`Exhibit 1223 Page 04 of 19
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 4, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of8
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`
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`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST 'IWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELAfED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S . application Ser.
`No. 12/543,910 filed on Aug. 19, 2009, which is a continua(cid:173)
`tion of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/774,803, filed on Jul. 9,
`2007, which is a continuation of U.S . application Ser. No.
`10/412,878, filed Apr. 14, 2003, which is a continuation-in(cid:173)
`part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/205,205, filed Dec. 4,
`1998, and which claims priority to and the benefit of the filing
`date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/067,562, filed
`Dec. 5, 1997, each of which is incorporated by reference
`herein.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates generally to the fields of data
`communications and modulator/demodulators (modems),
`and, more particularly, to a data communications system in
`which a plurality of modulation methods are used to facilitate
`communication among a plurality of modem types.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`2
`Thus, communication systems comprised of both high per(cid:173)
`formance and low or moderate performance applications can
`be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, some appli(cid:173)
`cations (e.g., internet access) require high performance
`5 modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation
`(QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or
`discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applica(cid:173)
`tions (e.g., power monitoring and control) require only mod(cid:173)
`est data rates and therefore a low perfonnance modulation
`10 method. All users in the system will generally have to be
`equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modu(cid:173)
`lation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then
`run at their lowest data rates for those applications that require
`relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement
`15 of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of
`the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a
`substantial cost that is unnecessary in terms of the service and
`perfom1ance to be delivered to the end user.
`Accordingly, what is sought, and what is not believed to be
`20 provided by the prior art, is a system and method of commu(cid:173)
`nication in which multiple modulation methods are used to
`facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a
`network, which have heretofore been incompatible.
`
`25
`
`SUMMARY
`
`In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and
`receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only 30
`when the modems arc compatible at the physical layer. That
`is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods.
`This requirement is generally true regardless of the network
`topology. For example, point- to-point, dial-up modems oper(cid:173)
`ate in either the industry standard V34 mode or the industry 35
`standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture,
`all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard
`V27bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using
`several different modulation methods, a single common
`modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to 40
`be used throughout the durntion of the session. Should it
`become necessary to change modulation methods, the exist(cid:173)
`ing data session is tom down, and a new session is negotiated
`using the new modulation method. Clearly, tearing down an
`existing data session causes a significant disruption in com- 45
`munication between the two modems .
`As discussed in the foregoing, communication between
`modems is genernlly unsuccessful unless a common modu(cid:173)
`lation method is used. In a point-to-point network architec(cid:173)
`ture, if a modem attempts to establish a comnnmication ses- 50
`sian with an incompatible modem, one or both of the modems
`will make several attempts to establish the communication
`link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the
`maximum ntlll1ber of retry attempts has been reached. Essen(cid:173)
`tially, communication on the link is impossible without 55
`replacing one of the modems such that the resulting modem
`pair uses a common modulation method.
`In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or "master,"
`modem commtmicates with two or more tributary or "trib"
`modems using a single modulation method. If one or more of 60
`the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation
`method used by the master, those tribs will be tmable to
`receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated
`attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible
`trib(s) will disturb commtmications with compatible trib(s) 65
`due to time wasted in making the futile communication
`attempts.
`
`The present invention disclosed herein includes methods
`and systems for communication of data according to a com(cid:173)
`munications method in which a master transceiver commu(cid:173)
`nicates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`master/slave relationship. Communication ±!·om the one or
`more slave transceivers may be in response to a communica(cid:173)
`tion from the master to at least one of the one or more slave
`transceivers. Example communication methods may include
`transmitting at least a first message, which may be low data
`rate message, of a plurality of data messages. TI1e plurality of
`data messages may be transmitted over a communication
`medi urn from the master transceiver to the one or more slave
`transceivers. The first message may include first information,
`and the first information may be modulated according to a
`first modulation method. The first message may include sec(cid:173)
`ond information. The second infonnation may be modulated
`according to the first modulation method. The second infor(cid:173)
`mation may comprise lower data rate data, for example low
`data rate application data. The first message may include first
`message address data that may be indicative of an identity of
`one of the one or more slave transceivers as an intended
`destination of the second information. Example communica(cid:173)
`tion methods may include transmitting a second message,
`which may be a high data rate message, of the plurality of <lata
`messages. The second message may comprise third informa(cid:173)
`tion (e.g., first information of the second message/high data
`rate message), and the third information may be modulated
`according to the first modulation method. The third informa(cid:173)
`tion may be indicative of an impending change in modulation
`to a second modulation method for transmission of fourth
`information (e.g., second information of the second message/
`high data rate message). The second message may comprise
`the fourth information, and the fourth information may be
`transmitted after transitioning from the first modulation
`method to the second modulation method. The fourth infor(cid:173)
`mation may be modulated according to the second modula(cid:173)
`tion method. The second modulation method may be of a
`different type than the first modulation method. The fourth
`information may comprise higher data rate data, for example
`Internet access application data. The fourth information may
`be intended for a single slave transceiver of the one or more
`
`Exhibit 1223 Page 13 of 19
`
`
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`3
`slave transceivers. The higher data rate data may be transmit(cid:173)
`ted at a higher data rate than the low data rate application data.
`The second message may indicate an identity of the single
`slave transceiver as being an intended destination of the
`fourth information using second message address data 5
`included in the second message.
`The present invention has many advantages, a few of which
`are delineated hereafter as merely examples.
`One advantage of the present invention is that it provides to
`the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the 10
`same communication medium.
`Another advantage of the present invention is that a master
`transceiver can commm1icate seamlessly with tributary trans(cid:173)
`ceivers or modems using incompatible modulation methods.
`Other features and advantages of the present invention will 15
`become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination
`of the following drawings and detailed description. It is
`intended that all such additional features and advantages be
`included herein within the scope of the present invention.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`4
`tion medium 28. Note that all tribs 26-26 are identical in that
`they share a common modulation method with the master
`transceiver 24. Tlms, before any communication can begin in
`multipoint system 22, the master transceiver and the tribs
`26-26 must agree on a common modulation method. If a
`common modulation method is found, the master transceiver
`24 and a single trib 26 will then exchange sequences of
`signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be
`communicated via the agreed upon common modulation
`method. These sequences are commonly referred to as train(cid:173)
`ing signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to
`confirm that the common modulation method is available, 2)
`to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to estab(cid:173)
`lish time recovery and/or carrier recovery, 4) to permit chan(cid:173)
`nel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange
`parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select
`optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to
`the foregoing purposes prior to entering into data communi(cid:173)
`cation mode between the users. In a multipoint system, the
`20 address of the trib with which the master is establishing
`communication is also transmitted during the training inter(cid:173)
`val. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of
`modems will typically exchange a sequence of signals known
`as trailing signals for the purpose of reliably stopping the
`session and confirming that the session has been stopped. In a
`multipoint system, failure to detect the end of a session will
`delay or disrupt a subsequent session.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary multipoint commu(cid:173)
`nication session is illustrated through usc of a ladder diagram.
`Tl1is system uses polled multipoint communication protocol.
`That is, a master controls the initiation of its own transmission
`to the tribs and permits transmission from a trib only when
`that trib has been selected. At the beginning of the session, the
`master transceiver 24 establishes a common modulation as
`indicated by sequence 32 that is used by both the master 24
`and the tribs 26a, 26b for communication. Once the modula(cid:173)
`tion scheme is established among the modems in the multi(cid:173)
`point system, The master transceiver 24 transmits a training
`sequence 34 that includes the address of the trib that the
`master seeks to communicate with. In this case, the training
`sequence 34 includes the address oftrib 26a. As a result, trib
`26b ignores training sequence 34. After completion of the
`training sequence 34, master transceiver 24 transmits data 36
`to trib 26a followed by trailing sequence 38, which signifies
`the end of the communication session. Similarly, with refer(cid:173)
`ence to FIG. 8, the sequence 170 illustrates a Type A modu-
`lation training signal, followed by a Type A modulation data
`signal. Note that trib 26b ignores data 36 and trailing
`sequence 38 as it was not requested for communication dur(cid:173)
`ing training sequence 34.
`At the end of trailing sequence 38, trib 26a transmits train(cid:173)
`ing sequence 42 to initiate a communication session with
`master transceiver 24. Because master transceiver 24 selected
`trib 26a for communication as part of training sequence 34,
`55 trib 26a is the only modem that will return a transmission.
`Thus, trib 26a transmits data 44 destined for master trans(cid:173)
`ceiver 24 followed by trailing sequence 46 to terminate the
`communication session.
`The foregoing procedure is repeated except master trans-
`60 ceiver identifies trib 26b in training sequence 48. In this case,
`trib 26a ignores the training sequence 48 and the subsequent
`transmission of data 52 and trailing sequence 54 because it
`docs not recognize its address in training sequence 48. Master
`transceiver 24 transmits data 52 to trib 26b followed by trail