IEEE P802.11, Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification
`
`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`PROJECT 802 - LOCAL & METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS
`
`Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)
`
`and
`
`Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
`
`Prepared by:
`The Editors of IEEE 802.11
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 by the Institute of Electrical and
`Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`345 East 47th Street
`New York, NY 10017, USA
`All rights reserved.
`
`This is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEEE Standard, subject to change. Permission is hereby
`granted for IEEE Standards Committee participants to reproduce this document for purposes of IEEE
`standardization activities. If this document is to be submitted to ISO or IEC, notification shall be given to
`the IEEE Copyright Administrator. Permission is also granted for member bodies and technical
`committees of ISO and IEC to reproduce this document for purposes of developing a national position.
`Other entities seeking permission to reproduce portions of this document for these or other uses must
`contact the IEEE Standards Department for the appropriate license. Use of information contained in the
`unapproved draft is at your own risk.
`
`IEEE Standards Department
`Copyright and Permissions
`445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
`Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA
`
`Do not claim compliance to this unapproved draft standard
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`Exhibit 1005 001/422
`
`

`

`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification
`
`Abstract: (The abstract will be prepared by IEEE staff.)
`
`Keywords:
`
`LAN, Local Area Network, Wireless, Radio Frequency, RF, Infrared, IR
`
`ii
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`Exhibit 1005 002/422
`
`

`

`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specification
`
`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`Foreword
`
`(This foreword is not part of the Proposed Standard P802.11, Wireless MAC and PHY)
`
`This standard is part of a family of standards for Local Area Networks (LANs)
`
`At the time of sending the draft standard to Sponsor Ballot, IEEE 802.11 had the following officers:
`Chair: Victor Hayes, Vice-chair: Stuart J. Kerry, Vice-chair: Chris Zegelin
`MAC group Chair: David Bagby, PHY group and Frequency Hopper Chair: Dean M. Kawaguchi
`Main editors: Bob O'Hara and Greg Ennis
`Secretary: Carolyn L. Heide
`
`At the time of sending the draft standard to Sponsor Ballot, IEEE 802.11 had the following voting
`members:
`
`Jeff Abramowitz
`C. Thomas Baumgartner (Infrared chair and
`editor)
`Phil Belanger
`Manuel J. Betancor
`Simon Black
`Jan Boer (Direct Sequence chair)
`Alessandro M. Bolea
`Pablo Brenner
`Peter E. Chadwick
`Naftali Chayat
`Jonathon Y. Cheah
`Hae Wook Choi
`Wim Diepstraten
`Robert J. Egan
`Darwin Engwer
`John Fakatselis
`Matthew Fischer
`Michael Fischer
`George Fishel
`Keith S. Furuya
`Rich Gardner
`Ed Geiger
`Ian Gifford
`Howard J. Hall
`David Tal Heller
`Bradley Herrin
`Bill Huhn
`Donald C. Johnson
`Mikio Kiyono
`Joseph J. Kubler
`Arthur Lashbrook
`Francisco J. Lopez-Hernandez
`Jerry Loraine
`Ronald Mahany
`Bob Marshall
`
`Jim McDonald
`Akira Miura
`Wayne D. Moyers
`Ravi P. Nalamati
`Mitsuji Okada
`Al Petrick
`Vickie Prescott
`Miri Ratner
`James A. Renfro (Frequency Hopping editor)
`William Roberts
`Jon Walter Rosdahl
`Michael Rothenberg
`Chandos Rypinski
`Anil K. Sanwalka
`Glen Sherwood
`Thomas Siep
`Nathan Silberman
`Don Sloan
`Greg Smith
`Marvin Sojka
`Dave Strohschein
`Bert Sullam
`Mack Sullivan
`Mike Trompower (Direct sequence editor)
`Tom Tsoulogiannis
`Jeanine Valadaz
`Sarosh Vesuna
`Richard E. White
`Stephen Wood
`Donna A. Woznicki
`Ralph C. Yeager
`Timothy M. Zimmerman
`Lawrence H. Zuckerman
`Johnny Zweig
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`iii
`
`Exhibit 1005 003/422
`
`

`

`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification
`
`Major contributions were received from the following:
`Robert Achatz
`Ken Biba
`Paul Eastman
`Larry van der Jagt
`Richard Lee
`Kerry Lynn
`Michael Masleid
`
`John McKown
`Jim Neally
`Thomas Phinney
`Leon S. Scaldeferri
`Jim Schuessler
`
`iv
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`Exhibit 1005 004/422
`
`

`

`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specification
`
`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`Contents
`
`Clause
`
`Page
`
`1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 1
`1.1 Scope.................................................................................................................................... 1
`1.2 Purpose................................................................................................................................. 1
`2. Normative References........................................................................................................................... 2
`3. Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 3
`4. Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................................................................ 6
`5. General Description.............................................................................................................................. 8
`5.1 Architecture General Description.......................................................................................... 8
`5.2 Architecture Components...................................................................................................... 9
`5.3 Logical Service Interfaces ................................................................................................... 15
`5.4 Overview of the Services..................................................................................................... 17
`5.5 Relationships Between Services .......................................................................................... 22
`5.6 Differences Between ESS and Independent BSS LANs ....................................................... 25
`5.7 Message Information Contents That Support the Services ................................................... 26
`5.8 Reference Model ................................................................................................................. 29
`6. MAC Service Definition..................................................................................................................... 31
`6.1 Overview of MAC Services................................................................................................. 31
`6.2 Detailed Service Specification............................................................................................. 32
`7. Frame and MPDU Formats................................................................................................................. 36
`7.1 MAC Frame Formats .......................................................................................................... 36
`7.2 Format of Individual Frame Types ...................................................................................... 43
`7.3 Management Frame Body Components............................................................................... 53
`8. Authentication and Privacy................................................................................................................. 61
`8.1 Authentication Services ...................................................................................................... 61
`8.2 The Wired Equivalent Privacy Algorithm (WEP)................................................................ 64
`8.3 Security Services Related MIB Attributes............................................................................ 68
`9. MAC Sub-layer Functional Description .................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
`9.1 MAC Architecture .............................................................................................................. 69
`9.2 Distributed Coordination Function...................................................................................... 71
`9.3 Point Coordination Function ............................................................................................... 84
`9.4 Fragmentation .................................................................................................................... 92
`9.5 Reassembly ......................................................................................................................... 93
`9.6 Multirate Support................................................................................................................ 94
`9.7 Frame Exchange Sequences ................................................................................................ 94
`9.8 MSDU Transmission Restrictions ....................................................................................... 95
`10. Layer Management........................................................................................................................... 97
`10.1 Overview of Management Model ...................................................................................... 97
`10.2 Generic Management Primitives ....................................................................................... 97
`10.3 MLME Service Access Point Interface .............................................................................. 99
`10.4 PLME Service Access Point Interface...............................................................................109
`11. MAC Layer Management Entity......................................................................................................110
`11.1 Synchronization...............................................................................................................110
`11.2 Power Management .........................................................................................................115
`11.3 Association and Reassociation..........................................................................................123
`11.4 Management Information Definitions ..............................................................................124
`12. Physical Service Specification..........................................................................................................148
`12.1 Scope ...............................................................................................................................148
`12.2 Physical Layer Functions .................................................................................................148
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`v
`
`Exhibit 1005 005/422
`
`

`

`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification
`
`12.3 Detailed Physical Layer Service Specifications.................................................................148
`13. Physical Layer Management ............................................................................................................157
`13.1 PHY Management Information Base................................................................................157
`14. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Physical Layer Specification for the 2.4 GHz ISM Band........173
`14.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................173
`14.2 FHSS PHY Specific Service Parameter Lists ....................................................................174
`14.3 FHSS Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Sublayer....................................................175
`14.4 PLME_SAP Layer Management. .....................................................................................189
`14.5 FHSS Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer Services......................................................191
`14.6 FHSS Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer 1.0M Bit.....................................................197
`14.7 FHSS Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer 2.0M Bit.....................................................207
`14.8 FHSS PHY Management Information Base ......................................................................210
`15. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Physical Layer Specification for the 2.4 GHz ISM Band .............220
`15.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................220
`15.2 DSSS Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Sublayer....................................................222
`15.3 DSSS Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) ..........................................................230
`15.4 DSSS Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer ...................................................................236
`16. Infrared Physical Layer Specification...............................................................................................255
`16.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................255
`16.2 IR Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Sublayer .........................................................257
`16.3 IR Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer.........................................................................260
`16.4 PHY Attributes ................................................................................................................268
`A. Annex - Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) Proforma (normative) .................271
`A.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................271
`A.2 Abbreviations and Special Symbols...................................................................................271
`A.3 Instructions for Completing the PICS Proforma ................................................................271
`A.4 PICS Proforma—IEEE Std 802.11-1996†..........................................................................273
`B. Annex - Hopping Sequences (informative)........................................................................................288
`C. Annex - MAC State Machines (informative).....................................................................................300
`C.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................300
`C.2 Queues Used Between Certain State Machines ..................................................................301
`C.3 General Note on the MAC State Machines ........................................................................303
`C.4 MAC Data Service (MD) State Machine ...........................................................................311
`C.5 MAC Management Service (MM) State Machine ..............................................................314
`C.6 Distribution Services (DS) State Machine..........................................................................314
`C.7 MAC Control (C) State Machine.......................................................................................318
`C.8 MAC Management (M) State Machine..............................................................................328
`C.9 Transmitter (T) State Machine ..........................................................................................338
`C.10 Receiver (R) State Machine .............................................................................................341
`D. Annex - ASN.1 MIB Definitions (normative) ...................................................................................348
`
`vi
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`Exhibit 1005 006/422
`
`

`

`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specification
`
`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`Figures
`
`Figure
`
`Page
`
`Figure 1, Basic Service Sets...................................................................................................................... 9
`Figure 2, Distribution Systems and Access Points................................................................................... 11
`Figure 3, Extended Service Set ............................................................................................................... 12
`Figure 4, A Representative Signal Intensity Map .................................................................................... 13
`Figure 5, Collocated Coverage Areas...................................................................................................... 13
`Figure 6, Connecting to Other 802 LANs ............................................................................................... 14
`Figure 7, Complete 802.11 Architecture ................................................................................................. 16
`Figure 8, Relationship Between State Variables and Services ................................................................. 23
`Figure 9, 802.11 Architecture (again)..................................................................................................... 25
`Figure 10, Logical Architecture of an Independent BSS.......................................................................... 26
`Figure 11, Portion of the ISO Basic Reference Model Covered in this Standard...................................... 30
`Figure 12, MAC Frame Format .............................................................................................................. 37
`Figure 13, Frame Control Field .............................................................................................................. 37
`Figure 14, Sequence Control Field.......................................................................................................... 42
`Figure 15, Frame Control Field Subfield Values Within Control Frames ................................................ 43
`Figure 16, RTS Frame............................................................................................................................ 44
`Figure 17, CTS Frame............................................................................................................................ 44
`Figure 18, ACK Frame........................................................................................................................... 45
`Figure 19, PS-Poll Frame ....................................................................................................................... 45
`Figure 20, CF-End Frame....................................................................................................................... 46
`Figure 21, CF-End + CF-ACK Frame..................................................................................................... 46
`Figure 22, DATA Frame ........................................................................................................................ 47
`Figure 23, Management Frame Format................................................................................................... 48
`Figure 24, Element Format..................................................................................................................... 56
`Figure 25, TIM Element Format............................................................................................................. 57
`Figure 26, SSID Element Format............................................................................................................ 58
`Figure 27, FH Parameter Set Element Format......................................................................................... 58
`Figure 28, Supported Rates Element Format........................................................................................... 59
`Figure 29, CF Parameter Set Element Format......................................................................................... 59
`Figure 30, IBSS Parameter Set Element Format ..................................................................................... 60
`Figure 31, Challenge Text Element Format ............................................................................................ 60
`Figure 32, A Confidential Data Channel ................................................................................................ 65
`Figure 33, WEP Encipherment Block Diagram ...................................................................................... 65
`Figure 34, WEP Decipherment Block Diagram ...................................................................................... 66
`Figure 35, Construction of expanded WEP MPDU ................................................................................. 68
`Figure 36, MAC Architecture....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
`Figure 37, Fragmentation ....................................................................................................................... 71
`Figure 38, IFS Relationships .................................................................................................................. 73
`Figure 39, An Example of Exponential Increase of CW.......................................................................... 75
`Figure 40, Basic Access Method............................................................................................................. 76
`Figure 41, Backoff Procedure ................................................................................................................. 76
`Figure 42, RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK and NAV Setting .............................................................................. 78
`Figure 43, Transmission of a Multiple Fragment MSDU using SIFS ...................................................... 79
`Figure 44, RTS/CTS with Fragmented MSDU........................................................................................ 80
`Figure 45, RTS / CTS with Transmitter Priority and Missed Acknowledgment ...................................... 80
`Figure 46, Directed Data/ACK MPDU ................................................................................................... 82
`Figure 47, DCF Timing Relationships .................................................................................................... 83
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`vii
`
`Exhibit 1005 007/422
`
`

`

`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification
`
`Figure 48, CFP / CP Alternation............................................................................................................. 85
`Figure 49, Beacons & Contention Free Periods....................................................................................... 86
`Figure 50, Example of Delayed Beacon and Foreshortened CFP ............................................................. 86
`Figure 51, Example of PCF Frame Transfer ........................................................................................... 88
`Figure 52, Station-to-Station Contention Free Transfer .......................................................................... 90
`Figure 53, GET and SET Operations...................................................................................................... 98
`Figure 54, Beacon Transmission on a Busy Network .............................................................................111
`Figure 55, Beacon Transmission in an Independent BSS .......................................................................112
`Figure 56, Probe Response.....................................................................................................................114
`Figure 57, Infrastructure Power Management Operation (No PCF Operating) .......................................117
`Figure 58, Power Management in an Independent BSS - Basic Operation..............................................121
`Figure 59, State Diagram Notation Example .........................................................................................176
`Figure 60, PLCP Frame Format.............................................................................................................177
`Figure 61, Frame Synchronous Scrambler/Descrambler.........................................................................179
`Figure 62, PLCP_PDU Data Whitener Format.......................................................................................179
`Figure 63, PLCP Top Level State Diagram............................................................................................180
`Figure 64, Transmit State Machine .......................................................................................................181
`Figure 65, Data Whitener Encoding Procedure......................................................................................182
`Figure 66, Transmit State Timing .........................................................................................................183
`Figure 67, CS/CCA State Machine ........................................................................................................185
`Figure 68, CS/CCA State Timing ..........................................................................................................186
`Figure 69, Receive State Machine..........................................................................................................187
`Figure 70, Data Whitener Decoding Procedure......................................................................................188
`Figure 71, Receive Timing ....................................................................................................................189
`Figure 72, PLME State Machine ...........................................................................................................191
`Figure 73, PMD Layer Reference Model................................................................................................192
`Figure 74, Transmit Modulation Mask ..................................................................................................204
`Figure 75, 4 Level GFSK Transmit Modulation.....................................................................................209
`Figure 76, PLCP Frame Format.............................................................................................................222
`Figure 77, CCITT CRC-16 Implementation...........................................................................................224
`Figure 78, Example CRC Calculation....................................................................................................225
`Figure 79, Data Scrambler.....................................................................................................................226
`Figure 80, Data Descrambler.................................................................................................................226
`Figure 81, PLCP Transmit Procedure ....................................................................................................227
`Figure 82, PLCP Transmit State Machine .............................................................................................228
`Figure 83, PLCP Receive Procedure ......................................................................................................229
`Figure 84, PLCP Receive State Machine................................................................................................230
`Figure 85, PMD Layer Reference Model................................................................................................236
`Figure 86, Transmit Spectrum Mask .....................................................................................................249
`Figure 87, Transmit Power On Ramp ....................................................................................................250
`Figure 88, Transmit Power Down Ramp................................................................................................250
`Figure 89, Modulation Accuracy Measurement Example .......................................................................251
`Figure 90, Chip Clock Alignment with Baseband Eye Pattern ...............................................................252
`Figure 91, PDU Frame Format .............................................................................................................257
`Figure 92, Basic Pulse Shape.................................................................................................................263
`Figure 93, Emitter Radiation Pattern Mask 1.........................................................................................264
`Figure 94, Mask 2 Device Orientation Drawing.....................................................................................264
`Figure 95, Emitter Radiation Pattern Mask 2.........................................................................................265
`Figure 96, Transmit Spectrum Mask .....................................................................................................266
`
`viii
`
`Copyright (cid:211)
` 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
`
`Exhibit 1005 008/422
`
`

`

`IEEE P802.11 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN
`Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specification
`
`P802.11D4.0
`20 May 1996
`
`Tables
`
`Table
`
`Page
`
`Table 1, Valid Type/Subtype Combinations ............................................................................................ 37
`Table 2, To / From DS Combinations in Data Type Frames.................................................................... 38
`Table 3, Duration/ID Field Encoding...................................................................................................... 39
`Table 4, Address Field Contents ............................................................................................................. 46
`Table 5, Beacon Frame Body.................................................................................................................. 48
`Table 6, Disassociation Frame Body ....................................................................................................... 49
`Table 7, Association Request Frame Body .............................................................................................. 49
`Table 8, Association Response Frame Body............................................................................................ 49
`Table 9, Reassociation Request Frame Body ........................................................................................... 50
`Table 10, Reassociation Response Frame Body....................................................................................... 50
`Table 11, Probe Request Frame Body ..................................................................................................... 50
`Table 12, Probe Response Frame Body ................................................................................................... 51
`Table 13, Authentication Frame Body .................................................................................................... 51
`Table 14, Presence of Challenge Text Information.................................................................................. 52
`Table 15, Deauthentication Frame Body ................................................................................................. 52
`Table 16, Reason Codes.......................................................................................................................... 54
`Table 17, Status Codes ........................................................................................................................... 55
`Table 18, Element IDs..............................................................................