111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US008023580B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Bremer
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`Sep.20,2011
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Gordon F. Bremer, Clearwater, FL (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/543,910
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Aug. 19, 2009
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0183055 Al
`
`Jul. 22, 2010
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 11/774,803, filed on
`Jul. 9, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,675,965, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/412,878, filed on
`Apr. 14, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,248,626, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/205,205,
`filed on Dec. 4, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,614,838.
`
`4,091,422 A
`4,335,464 A
`4,381,546 A
`4,464,767 A
`4,503,545 A
`4,509,171 A
`4,516,216 A
`4,525,846 A
`4,525,847 A
`4,532,640 A
`4,630,286 A
`4,645,871 A
`4,654,807 A
`4,663,766 A
`4,677,625 A
`4,782,498 A
`
`511978 Amster
`6/1982 Armstrong et al.
`4/1983 Armstrong
`8/1984 Bremer
`3/1985 Bremer eta!.
`4/1985 Bremer eta!.
`5/1985 Armstrong
`6/1985 Bremer eta!.
`6/1985 Bremer
`7/1985 Bremer eta!.
`12/1986 Betts
`2/1987 Bremer eta!.
`3/1987 Bremer
`5/1987 Bremer
`6/19 87 Betts et a!.
`1111988 Copeland, III
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Conelrad Emergency Radio Notification System Born in 1951",
`www.modestoradiomuseum.org, Accessed on Dec. 5, 2010, 2 pages.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner- Dac Ha
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm- Condo Roccia LLP
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/067,562, filed on Dec.
`5, 1997.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5112
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........ 375/261; 455/102; 332/108; 3321119;
`332/151
`(58) Field of Classification Search . ... ... ... ... .. ... 3 7 5/261,
`375/269, 285, 222, 298, 302, 305, 308; 455/102,
`4551110; 332/108, 119, 120, 151
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5/1973 Acker et al.
`3,736,528 A
`3,761,840 A
`9/1973 Bremer
`3,970,926 A
`7/1976 Rigby eta!.
`
`A device may be capable of communicating using at least two
`type types of modulation methods. The device may include a
`transceiver capable of acting as a master according to a mas(cid:173)
`ter/slave relationship in which communication from a slave to
`a master occurs in response to communication from the mas(cid:173)
`ter to the slave. The master transceiver may send transmis(cid:173)
`sions discrete transmissions structured with a first portion and
`a payload portion. Information in the first portion may be
`modulated according to a first modulation method and indi(cid:173)
`cate an impending change to a second modulation method,
`which is used for transmitting the payload portion. The dis(cid:173)
`crete transmissions may be addressed for an intended desti(cid:173)
`nation of the payload portion.
`
`79 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`Exhibit 1001 01/19
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,811,357 A
`3/1989 Betts eta!.
`4,862,464 A
`8/1989 Betts eta!.
`4,924,516 A
`5/1990 Bremer eta!.
`4,926,448 A
`5/1990 Kraul eta!.
`4,939,748 A
`7/1990 Betts eta!.
`5,008,903 A
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`5,050,536 A
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`5,081,647 A
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`5,099,478 A
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`5,230,010 A
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`5,251,236 A
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`5,311,557 A
`5/1994 Betts eta!.
`5,311,578 A
`5/1994 Bremer eta!.
`5,345,332 A
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`5,355,362 A
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`5,373,149 A
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`5,392,154 A
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`5,412,651 A
`5/1995 Gorshe
`5,414,540 A
`5/1995 Patel eta!.
`7/1995 Bremer eta!.
`5,436,930 A
`5,444,704 A
`8/1995 Henderson et a!.
`5,448,555 A
`9/1995 Bremer eta!.
`5,473,675 A
`12/1995 Chapman et a!.
`5,475,713 A
`12/1995 Bremer eta!.
`5,506,866 A
`4/1996 Bremer eta!.
`5,513,212 A
`4/1996 Bremer
`5,513,213 A
`4/1996 Patel eta!.
`5/1996 Betts eta!.
`5,521,942 A
`6/1996 Gradel er et a!.
`5,530,718 A
`5,537,398 A
`7/1996 Siwiak
`5,537,411 A
`7/1996 Plas
`5,537,436 A
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`5,548,222 A
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`5,559,791 A
`9/1996 Bremer eta!.
`5,559,792 A
`9/1996 Bottoms et a!.
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`10/1996 Cheng
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`1111996 Furuya
`5,602,869 A
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`5,642,379 A
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`5,651,114 A
`5,661,718 A
`8/1997 Bremer eta!.
`5,671,250 A
`9/1997 Bremer eta!.
`1111997 Ko
`5,684,825 A
`5,684,834 A
`1111997 Betts eta!.
`5,711,012 A
`111998 Bottoms et a!.
`5,719,922 A
`2/1998 Bremer eta!.
`5,719,923 A
`2/1998 Bremer eta!.
`5/1998 Amersfoort et a!.
`5,748,811 A
`5,764,699 A * 6/1998 Needham et a!. ............. 375/261
`5,793,800 A
`8/1998 Jylha eta!.
`9/1998 Bingel eta!.
`5,805,669 A
`5,805,755 A
`9/1998 Amersfoort et a!.
`5,812,537 A
`9/1998 Betts eta!.
`5,825,517 A
`10/1998 Antoniades et a!.
`10/1998 Betts eta!.
`5,828,657 A
`5,841,500 A
`1111998 Patel
`5,844,944 A
`12/1998 Betts eta!.
`5,859,877 A
`111999 Betts eta!.
`5,881,047 A
`3/1999 Bremer eta!.
`3/1999 Frankel et a!.
`5,881,142 A
`5,901,205 A
`5/1999 Smith eta!.
`5,915,003 A
`6/1999 Bremer eta!.
`5,936,949 A
`8/1999 Pasternak et al.
`5,940,438 A * 8/1999 Poon eta!. .................... 375/222
`5,960,400 A
`9/1999 Bremer
`5,963,620 A
`10/1999 Frankel et a!.
`
`................ 375/377
`
`12/1999 Polley eta!.
`5,999,563 A
`112000 Martinez et al.
`6,011,814 A
`212000 Schurr eta!.
`6,021,158 A
`212000 Bremer eta!.
`6,031,897 A
`5/2000 Bremer eta!.
`6,061,392 A
`5/2000 Beach
`6,067,297 A
`6/2000 Tzannes eta!.
`6,072,779 A
`6/2000 Patel et al.
`6,075,512 A
`6,097,858 A
`8/2000 La or
`8/2000 La or
`6,097,860 A
`8/2000 La or
`6,101,299 A
`8/2000 Holmquist
`6,108,347 A
`8/2000 Bremer
`6,111,936 A
`6,125,148 A * 9/2000 Frodigh et a!. ................ 375/261
`6,134,245 A
`10/2000 Scarmalis
`6,154,524 A
`1112000 Bremer
`6,157,680 A
`12/2000 Betts eta!.
`6,160,790 A
`12/2000 Bremer
`6,175,436 B1
`112001 Jackel
`6,185,083 B1
`2/2001 Mathieu et a!.
`6,212,227 B1
`4/2001 Ko eta!.
`6,236,481 B1
`5/2001 La or
`6,236,717 B1
`5/2001 Bremer eta!.
`6,243,391 B1
`6/2001 Holmquist
`6,252,644 B1
`6/2001 Patel
`6,272,108 B1
`8/2001 Chapman
`6,272,154 B1
`8/2001 BaJa et al.
`6,292,281 B1
`9/2001 BaJa et al.
`6,307,653 B1
`10/2001 BaJa et al.
`6,307,893 B1
`10/2001 Bremer eta!.
`6,307,923 B1
`10/2001 Bremer eta!.
`6,320,879 B1
`1112001 Bremer
`6,320,993 B1
`1112001 La or
`6,330,275 B1
`12/2001 Bremer
`6,335,992 B1
`112002 BaJa et al.
`6,347,008 B1
`212002 Vodhanel
`6,348,986 B1
`212002 Doucet et al.
`6,408,056 B1
`6/2002 Bremer eta!.
`6,445,733 B1
`9/2002 Zuranski et a!.
`6,470,110 B1
`10/2002 Lin
`6,480,645 B1
`1112002 Peale et al.
`6,493,475 B1
`12/2002 Lin
`6,529,652 B1
`3/2003 Bremer
`6,535,589 B1
`3/2003 Nauman eta!.
`6,546,090 B1
`4/2003 Bremer eta!.
`6,549,692 B1
`4/2003 Hare! eta!.
`6,556,540 B1
`4/2003 Mawhinney et a!.
`6,580,709 B1
`6/2003 Gorshe et al.
`6,580,785 B2
`6/2003 Bremer eta!.
`6,591,029 B1
`7/2003 Lin eta!.
`6,597,827 B1
`7/2003 Bremer eta!.
`6,603,894 B1
`8/2003 Pu
`6,614,838 B1
`9/2003 Bremer
`6,628,857 B1
`9/2003 Bonadeo et a!.
`6,631,119 B1
`10/2003 Mawhinney et a!.
`6,633,693 B1
`10/2003 Peale et al.
`6,647,058 B1
`1112003 Bremer eta!.
`6,658,096 B2
`12/2003 Bremer eta!.
`6,671,328 B1
`12/2003 Poon eta!.
`6,690,644 B1
`2/2004 Gorshe
`6,690,849 B1
`2/2004 Dadap, Jr. et al.
`6,715,124 B1
`3/2004 Betts
`6,744,883 B1
`6/2004 Bingel eta!.
`6,771,740 B1
`8/2004 Bingel
`6,775,355 B1
`8/2004 Bingel eta!.
`6,782,094 B1
`8/2004 Venz eta!.
`6,782,096 B1
`8/2004 Bremer eta!.
`6,885,730 B1
`4/2005 Bremer
`6,922,415 B1
`7/2005 Bremer eta!.
`6,950,444 B1
`9/2005 Holmquist et a!.
`6,970,501 B1
`1112005 Bremer eta!.
`7,006,445 B1
`2/2006 Cole eta!.
`7,013,421 B2
`3/2006 Betts
`7,020,266 B2
`3/2006 Bremer eta!.
`7,023,829 B1
`4/2006 Holmquist et a!.
`7,035,380 B1
`4/2006 Bingel eta!.
`5/2006 Betts eta!.
`7,046,798 B2
`7,058,833 B1
`6/2006 Bremer eta!.
`7,065,205 B1
`6/2006 Bingel eta!.
`
`Exhibit 1001 02/19
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 3
`
`7,127,048 B2
`7,130,338 B2
`7,155,016 B1
`7,170,867 B2
`7,248,626 B2
`7,272,215 B2
`7,289,604 B2
`7,289,610 B2
`7,352,803 B2
`7,471,777 B2
`7,675,965 B2
`7,707,446 B2
`7,711,109 B2
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`2010/0183055 A1
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`
`10/2006 Bremer eta!.
`10/2006 Bremer eta!.
`12/2006 Betts eta!.
`112007 O'Toole eta!.
`7/2007 Bremer
`9/2007 Bremer eta!.
`10/2007 Bremer
`10/2007 Bremer eta!.
`4/2008 Bremer eta!.
`12/2008 Bremer eta!.
`3/2010 Bremer
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`5/2010 Betts eta!.
`6/2010 Bremer eta!.
`9/2001 Bremer eta!.
`4/2002 Bremer eta!.
`1112002 Bremer eta!.
`2/2003 Bremer eta!.
`1112003 Bremer eta!.
`1112003 Bremer eta!.
`112004 Bremer
`3/2004 Bremer eta!.
`3/2004 Betts eta!.
`4/2004 Bremer eta!.
`4/2004 Bremer eta!.
`9/2004 Bremer eta!.
`10/2004 Bremer eta!.
`12/2004 Bremer eta!.
`2/2005 Bremer eta!.
`4/2005 Bremer eta!.
`7/2005 Bremer eta!.
`7/2005 Holmquist eta!.
`7/2005 Bremer
`8/2005 Bremer eta!.
`8/2006 Bingel eta!.
`8/2006 Betts
`8/2006 Bremer eta!.
`3/2007 Bremer
`3/2007 Bremer
`12/2007 Bremer
`112008 Bremer
`112008 Bremer eta!.
`4/2009 Bremer
`10/2009 Bremer
`10/2009 Bremer
`7/2010 Bremer
`9/2010 Bremer
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Stan(cid:173)
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`
`Exhibit 1001 03/19
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 4
`
`Services, "Standardization of Group 3 Facsimile Terminals for Docu(cid:173)
`ment Transmission", ITU-T Recommendation T.4-Amendment 1,
`Jul. 1997, 10 pages.
`International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Stan(cid:173)
`dardization Sector ofiTU (ITU-T), Series T: Terminals for Telematic
`Services, "Standardization of Group 3 Facsimile Terminals for Docu(cid:173)
`ment Transmission", ITU-T Recommendation T.4-Amendment 2,
`Oct. 1997, 14 pages.
`International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Stan(cid:173)
`dardization Sector ofiTU (ITU-T), Series T: Terminals for Telematic
`
`Services, "Procedures for Document Facsimile Transmission in the
`General Switched Telephone Network", ITU-T Recommendation
`T.30-Amendment 1, Jul. 1997, 110 pages.
`International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Stan(cid:173)
`dardization Sector ofiTU (ITU-T), Series T: Terminals forTelematic
`Services, "Procedures for Document Facsimile Transmission in the
`General Switched Telephone Network", ITU-T Recommendation
`T.30-Amendment 2, Oct. 1997, 18 pages.
`* cited by examiner
`
`Exhibit 1001 04/19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 1 of8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`''~·::.:;.
`·> ••• "'
`
`.~".N".h ...................... ..
`
`[~;:~~~J!i.~~~~~;::ii~i!li;l
`
`Maste:r
`Tn~nsool'\fe;r
`24
`
`FIG~ 1
`Priior Art
`
`Exhibit 1001 05/19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 2 of8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`n· ..
`'T·· .... · .. ".b·2.·.· ...
`
`Master
`24
`
`Trib 1
`
`,1.8
`\
`:._.· .......... .
`
`6.2
`
`\.._
`
`··--~ ..... :
`
`i ,, _ _,./
`Ttail.ing
`··············:·:-.·.···~·-:-:-.-.-.·~-:-:-;-......... : .. -:·.····'-'-'·'·.·-··~~.;.-..;... .. _._.~ ____ .;.: .. l
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 3 of8
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`US 8,023,580 B2
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 4 of8
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`US 8,023,580 B2
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`Exhibit 1001 08/19
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 5 of8
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`US 8,023,580 B2
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`Trib 2
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`Exhibit 1001 09/19
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
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`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 6 of8
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`US 8,023,580 B2
`
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`Exhibit 1001 10/19
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 7 of8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`Pen Request!
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`FIG. 7
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`Exhibit 1001 11/19
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`Sep.20,2011
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`Sheet 8 of8
`Sheet80f8
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`US 8,023,580 B2
`US 8,023,580 B2
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`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
`No. 11/774,803, filed on Jul. 9, 2007, which is a continuation
`ofU.S. application Ser. No. 10/412,878, filed Apr. 14, 2003,
`which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.
`09/205,205, filed Dec. 4, 1998, and which claims priority to
`and the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Applica(cid:173)
`tion No. 60/067,562, filed Dec. 5, 1997, each of which is
`incorporated by reference herein.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates generally to the fields of data
`communications and modulator/demodulators (modems),
`and, more particularly, to a data communications system in
`which a plurality of modulation methods are used to facilitate
`communication among a plurality of modem types.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`2
`be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, some appli(cid:173)
`cations (e.g., internet access) require high performance
`modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation
`(QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or
`discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applica(cid:173)
`tions (e.g., power monitoring and control) require only mod(cid:173)
`est data rates and therefore a low performance modulation
`method. All users in the system will generally have to be
`equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modu(cid:173)
`lation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then
`10 run at their lowest data rates for those applications that require
`relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement
`of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of
`the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a
`substantial cost that is unnecessary in terms of the service and
`15 performance to be delivered to the end user.
`Accordingly, what is sought, and what is not believed to be
`provided by the prior art, is a system and method of commu(cid:173)
`nication in which multiple modulation methods are used to
`facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a
`20 network, which have heretofore been incompatible.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The present invention disclosed herein includes communi-
`25 cation systems, devices, and methods. For example, a device
`may be capable of communicating according to a master/
`slave relationship in which a communication from a slave to
`a master occurs in response to a communication from the
`master to the slave. The device may include a transceiver in
`the role of the master for sending transmissions modulated
`30 using at least two types of modulation methods, for example
`a first modulation method and a second modulation method.
`The first modulation method may be of a different type than
`the second modulation method. The transmissions may be
`groups of transmission sequences. A group may be structured
`35 with a first portion and a payload portion. First information in
`the first portion may indicate which of the first modulation
`method or the second modulation method is used for modu(cid:173)
`lating second information in the payload portion. The trans(cid:173)
`missions may be addressed for an intended destination of the
`40 payload portion. First information in a transmission that
`includes an address for an intended destination may include a
`first sequence in the first portion that is modulated according
`to the first modulation method and that indicates an impend(cid:173)
`ing change from the first modulation method to the second
`45 modulation method. Second information in a transmission
`that includes an address for an intended destination may
`include a second sequence in the payload portion that is
`modulated according to the second modulation method. The
`second sequence may be transmitted after the first sequence.
`The present invention has many advantages, a few of which
`are delineated hereafter as merely examples.
`One advantage of the present invention is that it provides to
`the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the
`same communication medium.
`Another advantage of the present invention is that a master
`transceiver can communicate seamlessly with tributary trans(cid:173)
`ceivers or modems using incompatible modulation methods.
`Other features and advantages of the present invention will
`become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination
`60 of the following drawings and detailed description. It is
`intended that all such additional features and advantages be
`included herein within the scope of the present invention.
`
`55
`
`In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and
`receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only
`when the modems are compatible at the physical layer. That
`is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods.
`This requirement is generally true regardless of the network
`topology. For example, point-to-point, dial-up modems oper-
`ate in either the industry standard V.34 mode or the industry
`standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture,
`all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard
`V.27bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using
`several different modulation methods, a single common
`modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to
`be used throughout the duration of the session. Should it
`become necessary to change modulation methods, the exist(cid:173)
`ing data session is torn down, and a new session is negotiated
`using the new modulation method. Clearly, tearing down an
`existing data session causes a significant disruption in com(cid:173)
`munication between the two modems.
`As discussed in the foregoing, communication between
`modems is generally unsuccessful unless a common modu(cid:173)
`lation method is used. In a point-to-point network architec(cid:173)
`ture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication ses(cid:173)
`sion with an incompatible modem, one or both of the modems
`will make several attempts to establish the communication 50
`link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the
`maximum number of retry attempts has been reached. Essen(cid:173)
`tially, communication on the link is impossible without
`replacing one of the modems such that the resulting modem
`pair uses a common modulation method.
`In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or "master,"
`modem communicates with two or more tributary or "trib"
`modems using a single modulation method. If one or more of
`the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation
`method used by the master, those tribs will be unable to
`receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated
`attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible
`trib(s) will disturb communications with compatible trib(s)
`due to time wasted in making the futile communication
`attempts.
`Thus, communication systems comprised ofboth high per(cid:173)
`formance and low or moderate performance applications can
`
`65
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention can be better understood with refer(cid:173)
`ence to the following drawings. The components and repre-
`
`Exhibit 1001 13/19
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`3
`sentations in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, empha(cid:173)
`sis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the
`principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the draw(cid:173)
`ings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
`throughout the several views.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art multipoint commu(cid:173)
`nication system including a master transceiver and a plurality
`of tributary transceivers;
`FIG. 2 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a master transceiver and
`tributary transceiver for use in the multipoint communication
`system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multipoint communication
`system including the master transceiver and a plurality of
`tributary transceivers of the type illustrated in FIG. 3;
`FIG. 5 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 4;
`FIG. 6 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a secondary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a primary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention; and
`FIG. 8 is a signal diagram for an exemplary transmission
`according to an embodiment.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
`and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof is shown
`by way of example in the drawings and will herein be
`described in detail. It should be understood, however, that 35
`there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form
`disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all
`modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the
`spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
`With reference to FIG. 1, a prior art multipoint communi- 40
`cation system 22 is shown to comprise a master modem or
`transceiver 24, which communicates with a plurality of tribu(cid:173)
`tary modems (tribs) or transceivers 26-26 over communica(cid:173)
`tion medium 28. Note that all tribs 26-26 are identical in that
`they share a common modulation method with the master
`transceiver 24. Thus, before any communication can begin in
`multipoint system 22, the master transceiver and the tribs
`26-26 must agree on a common modulation method. If a
`common modulation method is found, the master transceiver
`24 and a single trib 26 will then exchange sequences of
`signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be
`communicated via the agreed upon common modulation
`method. These sequences are commonly referred to as train(cid:173)
`ing signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to
`confirm that the common modulation method is available, 2) 55
`to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to estab(cid:173)
`lish time recovery and/or carrier recovery, 4) to permit chan(cid:173)
`nel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange
`parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select
`optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to 60
`the foregoing purposes prior to entering into data communi(cid:173)
`cation mode between the users. In a multipoint system, the
`address of the trib with which the master is establishing
`communication is also transmitted during the training inter(cid:173)
`val. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of 65
`modems will typically exchange a sequence of signals known
`as trailing signals for the purpose of reliably stopping the
`
`4
`session and confirming that the session has been stopped. In a
`multipoint system, failure to detect the end of a session will
`delay or disrupt a subsequent session.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary multipoint commu(cid:173)
`nication session is illustrated through use of a ladder diagram.
`This system uses polled multipoint communication protocol.
`That is, a master controls the initiation of its own transmission
`to the tribs and permits transmission from a trib only when
`that trib has been selected. At the beginning of the session, the
`10 master transceiver 24 establishes a common modulation as
`indicated by sequence 32 that is used by both the master 24
`and the tribs 26a, 26b for communication. Once the modula(cid:173)
`tion scheme is established among the modems in the multi(cid:173)
`point system, The master transceiver 24 transmits a training
`15 sequence 34 that includes the address of the trib that the
`master seeks to communicate with. In this case, the training
`sequence 34 includes the address oftrib 26a. As a result, trib
`26b ignores training sequence 34. After completion of the
`training sequence 34, master transceiver 24 transmits data 36
`20 to trib 26a followed by trailing sequence 38, which signifies
`the end of the communication session. Similarly, with refer(cid:173)
`enc