(12) United States Patent
`Dunlop et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006451300Bl
`US 6,451,300 Bl
`*Sep.17,2002
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) ANTI-DANDRUFF AND CONDITIONING
`SHAMPOOS CONTAINING POLYALKYLENE
`GLYCOLS AND CATIONIC POLYMERS
`
`5,977,038 A
`6,010,990 A
`
`.......... 510/122
`11/1999 Birtwistle et al.
`1/2000 Rousso et al. .............. 510/124
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: David Scott Dunlop, Mason; Susan
`Marie Guskey, Montgomery, both of
`OH (US); Vicente Eduardo Leyba,
`Los Ruices (VE); Douglas Allan
`Royce, Aurora, IN (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company,
`Cincinnati, OH (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/558,447
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 25, 2000
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Provisional application No. 60/132,869, filed on May 3,
`1999.
`Int. Cl? ........................... A61K 7/06; A61K 7/075
`U.S. Cl. .................. 424/70.27; 424/70.1; 424/70.8;
`424/70.22; 424/70.11; 424/70.12; 424/70.13
`Field of Search ............................... 424/70.1, 70.8,
`424/70.22, 70.11, 70.12, 70.13
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,580,853 A
`4,557,928 A
`5,037,818 A
`5,085,857 A
`5,104,645 A
`RE34,584 E
`5,543,074 A
`5,624,666 A
`5,723.112 A
`5,747,435 A
`5,756,436 A
`5,776,871 A
`5,837,661 A
`5,854,266 A
`5,876,705 A
`5,935,561 A
`5,977,036 A
`
`5/1971 Parran ........................ 252!152
`12/1985 Glover .... .. ... ...... ...... .. . 424/70
`8/1991 Sime .......................... 514/183
`2/1992 Reid et al. .................... 424/70
`4/1992 Cardin et al. ................. 424/70
`4/1994 Grote et al.
`................ 252/142
`8/1996 Hague et al. ............... 510/122
`......... 424/70
`4/1997 Coffindaffer et al.
`3/1998 Bowser et al. ................ 424/70
`5/1998 Patel .......................... 510/119
`............... 510/122
`5!1998 Royce et al.
`7/1998 Cothran et al. ............. 150/122
`11/1998 Evans et al. ................ 510/122
`12/1998 Nelson, Jr ................... 514/345
`3/1999 Uchiyama et al. ............ 424/70
`............ 424/70.19
`8/1999 Inman et al.
`11/1999 Guskey ...................... 510/121
`
`007704
`060611
`093541
`117135
`173259
`497163
`530974
`432951
`800814
`58-029900
`05-310540
`10-175827
`wo 93/08787
`wo 95/09599
`96/29983
`wo 97/26854
`97/35542
`wo 98/16189
`wo 98/18434
`wo 98/52927
`wo 99/26585
`99/39683
`99/66886
`
`6/1979
`1/1982
`4/1983
`2/1984
`8/1985
`8/1992
`8/1992
`10/1993
`10/1997
`2/1983
`11/1992
`6/1998
`5/1993
`4/1995
`10/1996
`7/1997
`10/1997
`4/1998
`5/1998
`11/1998
`6/1999
`8/1999
`12/1999
`
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`C11Di3/37
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`.......... A61K/7/075
`............ A61K/7/06
`............ A61K/7/06
`.......... A61K/7/075
`.......... A61K/7/075
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/50
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`......... C07D/241/36
`A61K/7/00
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`Primary Examiner-Thurman K. Page
`Assistant Examiner-S. Howard
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brent M. Peebles; Andrew
`A Paul; Tara M. Rosnell
`ABSTRACT
`
`(57)
`
`Disclosed are shampoo compositions that provide a superior
`combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning, and
`a method of cleansing and conditioning the hair comprising
`applying to the hair and scalp an effective amount of said
`compositions. The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos
`comprise: (A) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the
`composition, of an anionic surfactant; (B) from about 0.01%
`to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a non(cid:173)
`volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about 0.1% to about
`4%, by weight of the composition, of an anti-dandruff
`particulate; (D) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of
`the composition, of at least one cationic polymer; (E) from
`0.005% to about 1.5%, by weight of the composition, of a
`polyalkylene glycol corresponding to the formula:
`H(OCH2-CHR)n-OH, (i) wherein R is selected from the
`group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and mixtures thereof,
`(ii) wherein n is an integer having an average value from
`about 1,500 to about 120,000; and (F) water.
`
`25 Claims, No Drawings
`
`1
`
`

`

`US 6,451,300 Bl
`
`1
`ANTI-DANDRUFF AND CONDITIONING
`SHAMPOOS CONTAINING POLYALKYLENE
`GLYCOLS AND CATIONIC POLYMERS
`
`This application claims priority of Provisional applica(cid:173)
`tion Ser. No. 60/132,869 filed May 3, 1999.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to shampoo compositions
`which provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff effi(cid:173)
`cacy and conditioning. These compositions contain anionic
`surfactants, conditioning agents, anti-dandruff particulates,
`cationic polymers, polyalkylene glycols, and water.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`Conversely, good anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved in
`situations where the anti-dandruff active had good coverage
`and was highly bioavailable, but did not deposit superiorly
`to the hair or scalp. Thus, in order for a shampoo compo-
`s sition to provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff
`efficacy and conditioning compared to known shampoo
`compositions, it must meet certain criteria with respect to
`bioavailability and coverage, but it does not necessarily have
`to have the ability to deposit the anti-dandruff active supe-
`10 riorly on the hair or scalp.
`It is an object of the present invention to provide shampoo
`compositions, which provide a superior combination of
`anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning. It is also an object of
`the present invention to provide a method for cleansing and
`15 conditioning the hair. These, and other objects, will become
`readily apparent from the detailed description below.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to shampoo compositions
`which provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff effi(cid:173)
`cacy and conditioning. These shampoo compositions com(cid:173)
`prise: (A) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight, of an
`anionic surfactant; (B) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by
`25 weight, of a non-volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about
`0.1% to about 4%, by weight, of an anti-dandruff particulate;
`(D) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of the
`composition, of at least one cationic polymer; (E) from
`0.005% to about 1.5%, by weight, of a polyalkylene glycol;
`30 and (F) water. The polyalkylene glycol corresponds to the
`formula H(O-CH2-CHR)n-OH, wherein R is hydrogen,
`methyl or mixtures thereof, and n is an integer having an
`average value from about 1,500 to about 120,000.
`The present invention further relates to a method for
`providing anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning hair com(cid:173)
`prising applying to the hair and scalp an amount of the
`above-described composition which is effective to provide
`such benefits.
`
`40
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Shampoo compositions comprising various combinations
`of detersive surfactants and conditioning agents, especially
`silicone conditioning agents, are known in the art and are
`commercially available. Many of these compositions have 20
`been found to provide excellent hair cleansing and condi(cid:173)
`tioning performance. For example, Pantene® Shampoo Plus
`Pro-Vitamin Conditioner-in-One formulas which contain
`anionic surfactants, a cationic polymer and silicone condi(cid:173)
`tioning agents provide excellent cleaning, conditioning and
`hair feel benefits upon application to hair.
`Anti-dandruff shampoos are also well known in the art
`and are also commercially available. Anti-dandruff sham(cid:173)
`poos typically incorporate an anti-dandruff active and deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants. Among the preferred type of anti-dandruff
`agents are particulate, crystalline anti-dandruff agents, such
`as sulfur, selenium disulfide and heavy metal salts of pyridi(cid:173)
`nethione. Soluble anti-dandruff agents, such as
`ketoconazole, are also known in the art.
`Anti-dandruff shampoos which also provide conditioning 35
`benefits are likewise known in the art. For example, U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,624,666 exemplifies and claims shampoo com(cid:173)
`positions which contain anionic surfactants, cationic poly(cid:173)
`mers and zinc pyridinethione as an anti-dandruff agent. U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,624,666 teaches that conditioning agents such as
`silicone fluids can optionally be incorporated into the com(cid:173)
`positions therein. Head & Shoulders® Dandruff Shampoo
`Plus Conditioner is an example of a marketed product which
`provides both anti-dandruff and conditioning benefits upon
`application of the shampoo to hair.
`Nevertheless, some consumers desire a shampoo which
`provides a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy
`and conditioning performance versus currently marketed
`products. Such a superior combination of efficacy and con- 50
`ditioning can be difficult to achieve.
`For example, it was previously believed that excellent
`anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved by utilizing a coac(cid:173)
`ervate to deposit anti-dandruff actives on the hair and scalp.
`Unfortunately, the use of coacervates to deposit anti(cid:173)
`dandruff actives on the hair or scalp can negatively affect
`conditioning, specifically clean hair feel. In order to achieve
`good conditioning, the level of anti-dandruff agent could be
`reduced, resulting in good conditioning, but less than opti(cid:173)
`mal anti-dandruff efficacy.
`Applicants have now discovered, however, that,
`surprisingly, bioavailability and coverage of the anti(cid:173)
`dandruff active are much more predictive of efficacy than
`deposition of the active on the hair or scalp. In fact,
`Applicants have found that, in some cases, even when an 65
`anti-dandruff active deposited very well on the hair and
`scalp, acceptable anti-dandruff efficacy was not achieved.
`
`45
`
`The shampoo compositions of the present invention pro(cid:173)
`vide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and
`conditioning. Such anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo
`compositions of the present invention can comprise, consist
`of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and
`limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any
`of the additional or optional ingredients, components or
`limitations described herein.
`Particularly, these compositions comprise anionic
`surfactants, conditioning agents, anti-dandruff particulates,
`cationic polymers, polyalkylene glycols and water. Upon
`dilution, the anionic surfactants and cationic polymers form
`a coacervate, and the type and level of polyalkylene glycol
`employed \vill influence the amount of anti-dandruff par(cid:173)
`ticulates that are bioavailable. This is important for anti(cid:173)
`dandruff efficacy and conditioning.
`The components, including those which may optionally
`60 be added, of the shampoo compositions of the present
`invention, as well as methods for preparation, and methods
`for use, are described in detail below.
`
`55
`
`I. Components
`
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions of the present invention comprise an anionic
`surfactant, a conditioning agent, an anti-dandruff particulate,
`
`2
`
`

`

`US 6,451,300 Bl
`
`10
`
`4
`in the mixture have an average alkyl chain length from about
`C10 to about C16 and an average degree of ethoxylation of
`from about 1 to about 4 moles of ethylene oxide.
`Specific examples of preferred alkyi sulfates include, but
`5 are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium
`cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium cocoyl
`sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, mono(cid:173)
`ethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl
`sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl
`sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
`Especially preferred is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
`Specific examples of preferred alkyl ether sulfates
`include, but are not limited to, ammonium laureth sulfate,
`potassium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, monoet(cid:173)
`hanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate,
`15 triethanolamine laureth sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate,
`and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred is ammonium
`laureth sulfate.
`Still another class of sulfate surfactants suitable for use in
`the for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos
`of the present invention are the sulfated glycerides, an
`example of which includes, but is not limited to, lauric
`monoglyceride sodium sulfate.
`2. Sulfonates
`Also suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning
`shampoos of the present invention are those anionic deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants known as olefin sulfonates. As used herein,
`the term "olefin sulfonates" refers to compounds which can
`be produced by the sulfonation of a-olefins by means of
`uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of
`the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that any sul(cid:173)
`fones which have been formed in the reaction are hydro(cid:173)
`lyzed to give the corresponding hydroxy-alkanesulfonates.
`The sulfur trioxide can be liquid or gaseous, and is usually,
`but not necessarily, diluted by inert diluents, for example by
`liquid so2, chlorinated hydro-carbons, and the like, when
`35 used in the liquid form, or by air, nitrogen, gaseous so2, and
`the like, when used in the gaseous form. The a-olefins from
`which the olefin sulfonates are derived are mono-olefins
`Which are from abOUt C 10 tO abOUt C24, preferably from
`about C12 to about C16. Preferably, they are straight chain
`40 olefins. In addition to the true alkene sulfonates and a
`proportion of hydroxy-alkanesulfonates, the olefin sul(cid:173)
`fonates can contain minor amounts of other materials, such
`as alkene disulfonates depending upon the reaction
`conditions, proportion of reactants, the nature of the starting
`45 olefins and impurities in the olefin stock and side reactions
`during the sulfonation process. A non-limiting example of
`such an a-olefin sulfonate mixture is described in U.S. Pat.
`No. 3,332,880, which description is incorporated herein by
`reference.
`Another class of sulfonates suitable for use in the anti(cid:173)
`dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention are those anionic detersive surfactants
`known as ~-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. These surfactants
`conform to the general Formula (I):
`
`30
`
`3
`at least one cationic polymer, a polyalkylene glycol, and
`water. Each of these ingredients is described in detail below.
`A Anionic Surfactant
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions of the present invention comprise from about 5% to
`about 50%, by weight of the composition, preferably from
`about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from about 10% to
`about 25%, most preferably from about 12% to about 18%,
`of an anionic detersive surfactant component suitable for
`application to the hair or skin. The anionic detersive surfac(cid:173)
`tant is believed to provide cleaning and lather performance
`to the composition. Additionally, the anionic detersive sur(cid:173)
`factant forms a coacervate, upon aqueous dilution, v.rith the
`cationic polymer component (described below) of the
`present invention. This coacervate is believed to be impor(cid:173)
`tant in providing the efficacy and conditioning benefits
`described herein.
`The anionic detersive surfactant component can comprise
`an anionic detersive surfactant, a zwitterionic or an ampho(cid:173)
`teric detersive surfactant having an attached moiety that is 20
`anionic at the pH of the composition, or a combination
`thereof, preferably an anionic detersive surfactant. Such
`surfactants should be physically and chemically compatible
`with the essential components described herein, and should
`not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or 25
`performance. Examples of anionic detersive surfactants
`which may be suitably employed in the shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions herein include, but are not limited to: sulfates,
`sulfonates, sarcosinates and sarcosine derivatives.
`1. Sulfates
`Preferred anionic detersive surfactants for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention are the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.
`These surfactants have the respective formulae ROS03 M
`and R(C2 H 4 0)xOS03 M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl from
`about C8 to about C18, x is an integer having a value from
`1 to 10, and M is a cation selected from the group consisting
`of electropositive covalently bonded moieties (e.g.
`ammonium), alkanolamines (e.g. triethanolamine), monova(cid:173)
`lent metals (e.g. sodium or potassium), polyvalent metal
`cations (e.g. magnesium and calcium) and mixtures thereof.
`The cation M should be selected such that the anionic
`detersive surfactant component is water soluble. Solubility
`of the surfactant will depend upon the particular anionic
`detersive surfactants and cations chosen.
`Preferably, R is from about C8
`to about C18, more
`preferably from about clO to about c16' most preferably
`from about c12 to about c14, in both the alkyl and alkyl ether
`sulfates. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as
`condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric 50
`alcohols from about C8 to about C24. The alcohols can be
`synthetic or they can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil,
`palm kernel oil, and tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain
`alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil are
`preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with from 0 to about 10, 55
`preferably from about 2 to about 5, most preferably about 3,
`moles of ethylene oxide. The resulting mixture of molecular
`species will have, for example, an average of 3 moles of
`ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and is sulfated and
`neutralized.
`Non-limiting examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may
`be used in the shampoo compositions of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion include sodium and ammonium salts of coconut alkyl
`triethylene glycol ether sulfate, tallow alkyl triethylene
`glycol ether sulfate, and tallow alkyl hexa-oxyethylene 65
`sulfate. Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are those comprising a
`mixture of individual compounds, wherein the compounds
`
`60
`
`where R 1 is a straight chain alkyl group from about C 6 to
`about C20 , R2 is a lower alkyl group from about C1 to about
`C3 , preferably C1 , and M is a water-soluble cation, as
`described above.
`Still other sulfonates suitable for use in the anti-dandruff
`and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present
`
`3
`
`

`

`US 6,451,300 Bl
`
`5
`invention are those anionic detersive surfactants known as
`alkyl aryl sulfonates. Non-limiting examples of alkyl aryl
`sulfonates include sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate,
`sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
`Other suitable sulfonates for use in the anti-dandruff and 5
`conditioning shampoos of the present invention are the
`water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction prod(cid:173)
`ucts conforming to the formula [R 1-S03-M ] where R 1 is
`a straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocar(cid:173)
`bon radical from about c8 to about c24' preferably about clO
`to about C18 ; and M is a cation described above. Non(cid:173)
`limiting examples of such anionic detersive surfactants are
`the salts of an organic sulfuric acid reaction product of a
`hydrocarbon of the methane series, including iso-, neo-, and
`n-paraffins, and a sulfonating agent, e.g., S03 , H 2S04 ,
`obtained according to known sulfonation methods. The
`sulfonation methods may include bleaching and hydrolysis.
`The salts are preferably from about c8 to about c24; more
`preferably from about C12 to about C18 . Preferred are alkali
`metal and ammonium sulfonated C10 to C18 n-paraffins.
`Still other suitable sulfonates for use in the anti-dandruff
`and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present
`invention are the reaction products of fatty acids, which are
`esterified with isethionic acid, and then neutralized with
`sodium hydroxide. Preferred fatty acids are those derived
`from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Also suitable are the
`sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl
`tauride in which the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil
`or palm kernel oil. Other similar anionic surfactants are
`described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,486,921: 2,486,922; and 2,396,
`278, which descriptions are incorporated herein by refer- 30
`ence.
`Other sulfonates suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and
`conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention
`are the succinnates, examples of which include, but are not
`limited to, disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, disodium 35
`lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate,
`tetrasodium
`N -(1 ,2-dicarboxyethyl) -N(cid:173)
`octadecylsulfosuccinnate, diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuc(cid:173)
`cinic acid, dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dio(cid:173)
`ctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, and mixtures 40
`thereof.
`3. Sarcosinates and Sarcosine Derivatives
`Also suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning
`shampoos of the present invention are those anionic deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants known as sarcosinates and sarcosine deriva(cid:173)
`tives. Sarcosinates are the derivatives of sarcosine and
`N-methyl glycine, acylated with a fatty acid chloride. They
`conform to the general Formula (II):
`
`0
`II
`R-C-N-CHo-c-o-o-x
`I
`-
`CH3
`
`wherein RCO- is a fatty acid radical and wherein X is
`either hydrogen (acid form) or a cationic species, such as
`Na+ or TEA+ (salt form). Non-limiting examples of sarco(cid:173)
`sinates and sarcosine derivatives include: sodium lauryl
`sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, and mixtures
`thereof. A preferred sarcosinate is sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
`B. Conditioning Agent
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01% to
`about 10%, by weight of the composition, preferably from
`about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1%
`to about 5%, most preferably from about 0.2% to about
`
`6
`3.5%, of a conditioning agent suitable for application to the
`hair or skin. It is believed that the conditioning agent
`provides improved conditioning benefits to the hair, particu-
`larly clean hair feel and wet rinse feel.
`The conditioning agent comprises a water insoluble,
`water dispersible, non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified,
`liquid particles or are solubilized by the surfactant micelles,
`in the anionic detersive surfactant component (described
`above). Suitable conditioning agents for use in the shampoo
`10 composition are those conditioning agents characterized
`generally as silicones (e.g. silicone oils, cationic silicones,
`silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins),
`organic conditioning oils (e.g. hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins,
`and fatty esters) or combinations thereof, or those condi-
`15 tioning agents which otherwise form liquid, dispersed, par(cid:173)
`ticles in the aqueous surfactant matrix herein. Such condi(cid:173)
`tioning agents should be physically and chemically
`compatible with the essential components of the
`composition, and should not othenvise unduly impair prod-
`20 uct stability, aesthetics or performance.
`The concentration of the conditioning agent in the sham(cid:173)
`poo composition should be sufficient to provide the desired
`conditioning benefits, and as will be apparent to one of
`ordinary skill in the art. Such concentration can vary with
`25 the conditioning agent, the conditioning performance
`desired, the average size of the conditioning agent particles,
`the type and concentration of other components, and other
`like factors.
`1. Silicones
`The conditioning agent of the anti-dandruff and condi(cid:173)
`tioning shampoo compositions of the present invention is
`preferably an insoluble silicone conditioning agent. The
`silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise volatile
`silicone, non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. Pre(cid:173)
`ferred are non-volatile silicone conditioning agents. If vola(cid:173)
`tile silicones are present, it will typically be incidental to
`their use as a solvent or carrier for commercially available
`forms of non-volatile silicone materials ingredients, such as
`silicone gums and resins. The silicone conditioning agent
`particles may comprise a silicone fluid conditioning agent
`and may also comprise other ingredients, such as a silicone
`resin to improve silicone fluid deposition efficiency or
`enhance glossiness of the hair (especially when high refrac(cid:173)
`tive index (e.g. above about 1.46) silicone conditioning
`45 agents are used (e.g. highly phenylated silicones).
`The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent typi(cid:173)
`cally ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of
`the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%,
`more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, most pref-
`so erably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples
`of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optional sus(cid:173)
`pending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S. Reis(cid:173)
`sue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646, and 5,106,
`609, which descriptions are incorporated herein by
`55 reference. The silicone conditioning agents for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at
`25° C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes
`("csk"), more preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,
`60 000 csk, even more preferably from about 50,000 to about
`1,500,000 csk, most preferably from about 100,000 to about
`1,500,000 csk.
`The dispersed, silicone conditioning agent particles typi(cid:173)
`cally have a number average particle diameter ranging from
`65 about 0.0.1 ,urn to about 50 ,urn. For small particle applica(cid:173)
`tion to hair, the number average particle diameters typically
`range from about 0.01 ,urn to about 4 ,urn, preferably from
`
`4
`
`

`

`US 6,451,300 Bl
`
`7
`about 0.01 ,urn to about 2 ,urn, more preferably from about
`0.01 ,urn to about 0.5 ,urn. For larger particle application to
`hair, the number average particle diameters typically range
`from about 4 ,urn to about 50 pm, preferably from about 6Jtm
`to about 30 ,um, more preferably from about 9 ,um to about s
`20 pm, most preferably from about 12 llm to about 18 ,urn.
`Conditioning agents having an average particle size of less
`than about 5 ,um may deposit more efficiently on the hair. It
`is believed that small size particles of conditioning agent are
`contained \vithin the coacervate that is formed between the 10
`anionic surfactant component (described above) and the
`cationic polymer component (described below), upon dilu(cid:173)
`tion of the shampoo.
`Background material on silicones including sections dis(cid:173)
`cussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as manu- 15
`facture of silicones, are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer
`Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204--308, John
`Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), incorporated herein by reference.
`i. Silicone Oils
`Silicone fluids include silicone oils, which are flowable
`silicone materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25° C.,
`less than 1,000,000 csk, preferably from about 5 csk to about
`1,000,000 csk, more preferably from about 10 csk to about
`100,000 csk. Suitable silicone oils for use in the anti(cid:173)
`dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl
`siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane
`copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, non(cid:173)
`volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties
`may also be used.
`Silicone oils include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes
`which conform to the following Formula (III):
`
`8
`preferably from C1 to C2 . As discussed above, the R sub(cid:173)
`stituents can also contain amino functionalities (e.g. alka(cid:173)
`mino groups), which can be primary, secondary or tertiary
`amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di(cid:173)
`and tri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the
`aliphatic portion chain length is preferably as described
`above. The R substituents may also be substituted with other
`groups, such as halogens (e.g. chloride, fluoride, and
`bromide), halogenated aliphatic or aryl groups, hydroxy
`(e.g. hydroxy substituted aliphatic groups), and mixtures
`thereof. Suitable halogenated R groups could include, for
`example, tri-halogenated (preferably tri-fluoro) alkyl groups
`such as -R1CF3 , wherein R 1 is a C 1-C3 alkyl. An example
`of such a polysiloxane includes, but is not limited to,
`polymethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane.
`Suitable R groups for use in the anti-dandruff and condi(cid:173)
`tioning shampoo compositions of the present invention
`include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl,
`methylphenyl and phenylmethyl. Specific non-limiting
`20 examples of preferred silicones include: polydirnethyl
`siloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsilox(cid:173)
`ane. Polydimethylsiloxane is especially preferred. Other
`suitable R groups include: methyl, methoxy, ethoxy,
`propoxy, and aryloxy. The three R groups on the end caps of
`2s the silicone may represent the same or different groups.
`Non-volatile polyalkylsiloxane fluids that may be used
`include, for example, low molecular weight polydimethyl(cid:173)
`siloxanes. These siloxanes are available, for example, from
`the General Electric Company in their Viscasil R and SF 96
`30 series, and from Dow Corning in their Dow Coming 200
`series. Polyalkylaryl siloxane fluids that may be used, also
`include, for example, polymethylphenylsiloxanes. These
`siloxanes are available, for example, from the General
`Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from
`35 Dow Coming as 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid. Polyether
`siloxane copolymers that may be used include, for example,
`a polypropylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane (e.g.,
`Dow Coming DC-1248) although ethylene oxide or mix(cid:173)
`tures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may also be
`40 used. The ethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide concen(cid:173)
`trations must be sufficiently low to prevent solubility in
`water and the composition described herein.
`Alkylamino substituted silicones suitable for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`45 present invention include, but are not limited to, those which
`conform to the following general Formula (IV):
`
`wherein R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl,
`R can be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer
`from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable unsubstituted R groups for
`use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compo(cid:173)
`sitions of the present invention include, but are not limited
`to: alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino,
`and ether-substituted, hydroxyl-substituted, and halogen(cid:173)
`substituted aliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also
`include cationic amines and quaternary ammonium groups.
`The aliphatic or aryl groups substituted on the siloxane
`chain may have any structure so long as the resulting 50
`
`silicones remain fluid at room temperature, are hydrophobic, 1CHl
`
`HO
`
`fi
`
`CH3
`
`X
`
`0
`
`OH
`
`I
`Si--4-0-H
`I
`(CH2)3
`I
`"iH
`I
`I V-
`(CH-'o
`NH2
`
`are neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when
`applied to the hair, are compatible with the other compo(cid:173)
`nents of the shampoo compositions, are chemically stable
`under normal use and storage conditions, are insoluble in the 55
`shampoo compositions herein, and are capable of being
`deposited on and conditioning the hair. The two R groups on
`the silicon atom of each monomeric silicone unit may
`represent the same or different groups. Preferably, the two R
`groups represent the same group.
`Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C1 to C5
`alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from C 1 to C,, most
`preferably from C1 to C2 . The aliphatic portions of other
`alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups (such as
`alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight or branched 65
`chains, and are preferably from C1 to C5 , more preferably
`from c1 to c4, even more preferably from c1 to c3, most
`
`wherein x and y are integers. This polymer is also known as
`60 "amodirnethicone."