A. Ground 1: Claims 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 14 are anticipated by
`Warr Thesis
`
`‘710 Claim Language
`Followed by corresponding features in the reference.1
`[1 pre.] A method of operating an optical device comprising an SLM having
`a two dimensional array of controllable phase modulating elements, the
`method comprising:
`To operate an optical device comprising a two dimensional SLM, Warr Thesis
`teaches “the use of programmable computer-generated holograms (CGHs)
`displayed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM).
`The SLM provides fast 2-dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and
`acts as a dynamically reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii.
`Warr Thesis also discloses an SLM with an array of phase modulating elements.
`“SLMs typically consist of an array of individually controllable
`pixels…Ferroelectric liquid crystal SLMs…can also be readily configured as
`phase- or as intensity-modulators.” Warr Thesis at 7. “To obtain maximum light
`efficiency, the SLM pixels should only modulate the phase of the incident
`Gaussian beam and not the intensity.” Warr Thesis at 13. “Because each pixel
`now acts as a perfect (0, π) binary phase modulator, the input polariser may also
`be removed.” Warr Thesis at 25.
`The phase modulating elements in Warr Thesis are also controllable.
`“Essentially backplane SLMs operate as optically-readable memory. Although
`the integration of photodiodes onto the silicon circuitry also introduces the
`possibility of optically addressed ‘smart pixels’ [50], usually we are only
`concerned with electronic addressing schemes (EASLMs). Two binary storage
`schemes are well known in conventional silicon memory technology, and these
`have been incorporated into EASLM designs. The dynamic RAM pixel
`circuitry [15], figure 2.7(a), has a single transistor per pixel and the 1-bit binary
`memory state is stored as a capacitive charge polarity on the actual mirror
`contact.” Warr Thesis at 19-20.
`See also Warr Thesis at 17, 18, 107. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 56.
`[1a.] delineating groups of individual phase-modulating elements;
`The delineation of groups of individual phase-modulating elements is found in
`Warr Thesis. “The collimation array in plane P2 is arranged exactly one focal
`distance in front of the fibre ends so that the Gaussian signal beams are
`individually collimated through the FLC-SLM. The SLM display area is then
`
`1 Bold and italicized text are for emphasis in the claim charts in this petition, unless stated
`otherwise.
`
`
`
`1
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`FINISAR 1020
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`divided into distinct sub-holograms, such that every input source is deflected by
`a different CGH.” Warr Thesis at 89.
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 89. “Each of the four beams was deflected by a separate 80x80
`pixel region of the 2DX320IR SLM. This transmissive FLC device has 80μm
`pixels, a 28° FLC switching angle, and exhibits a peak response around  = l.lμm
`wavelength.” Warr Thesis at 103.
`
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 103. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 57.
`[1b.] selecting, from stored control data, control data for each group of
`phase-modulating elements;
`The devices disclosed in Warr Thesis have stored control data. “Essentially
`backplane SLMs operate as optically-readable memory…Two binary storage
`schemes are well known in conventional silicon memory technology, and these
`have been incorporated into EASLM designs. The dynamic RAM pixel circuitry
`[15], figure 2.7(a), has a single transistor per pixel and the 1-bit binary memory
`state is stored as a capacitive charge polarity on the actual mirror contact.” Warr
`Thesis at 19-20. “The FLC device displays one frame from a set of phase CGHs
`which have been calculated off-line at an earlier stage and placed in a frame
`store to be recalled on demand.” Warr Thesis at 33.
`Selecting control data for each group of phase modulating elements is also
`present in Warr Thesis. “This is achieved by the use of programmable
`computer-generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid
`crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-
`dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically
`reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii.
`Also see claim [1a.] for the discussion of each group of phase-modulating
`
`
`
`2
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`

`

`elements. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 58.
`[1c.] generating from the respective selected control data a respective
`hologram at each group of phase-modulating elements; and
`To generate a hologram from the selected control data, Warr Thesis “displays
`one frame from a set of phase CGHs which have been calculated off-line at an
`earlier stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on demand.” Warr Thesis
`at 33. “This is achieved by the use of programmable computer-generated
`holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial
`light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-dimensional binary
`modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically reconfigurable
`diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii.
`Warr Thesis also teaches the generation of a respective hologram at each group
`of phase-modulating elements. “The collimation array in plane P2 is arranged
`exactly one focal distance in front of the fibre ends so that the Gaussian signal
`beams are individually collimated through the FLC-SLM. The SLM display area
`is then divided into distinct sub-holograms, such that every input source is
`deflected by a different CGH.” Warr Thesis at 89.
`
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 89.
`“Each of the four beams was deflected by a separate 80x80 pixel region of the
`2DX320IR SLM. This transmissive FLC device has 80μm pixels, a 28° FLC
`switching angle, and exhibits a peak response around  = l.lμm wavelength.”
`Warr Thesis at 103.
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 103. See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 59-60.
`[1d.] varying the delineation of the groups and/or the selection of control
`data
`To vary the selection of control data, Warr Thesis discloses, “This is achieved by
`
`
`
`3
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`

`

`the use of programmable computer-generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a
`ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM
`provides fast 2-dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and acts as a
`dynamically reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii. “The FLC
`device displays one frame from a set of phase CGHs which have been calculated
`off-line at an earlier stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on demand.”
`Warr Thesis at 33. “The SLM display area is then divided into distinct sub-
`holograms, such that every input source is deflected by a different CGH.” Warr
`Thesis at 89.
`
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 89. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 61.
`[1e.] whereby upon illumination of said groups by respective light beams,
`respective emergent light beams from the groups are controllable
`independently of each other.
`Warr Thesis discloses the illumination of said groups by respective light beams.
`“The collimation array in plane P2 is arranged exactly one focal distance in front
`of the fibre ends so that the Gaussian signal beams are individually collimated
`through the FLC-SLM. The SLM display area is then divided into distinct sub-
`holograms, such that every input source is deflected by a different CGH.” Warr
`Thesis at 89.
`
`Warr Thesis at 89.
`The emergent light beams are also independently controlled by the devices in
`Warr Thesis. “Each of the four beams was deflected by a separate 80x80 pixel
`
`
`
`
`
`4
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`

`

`region of the 2DX320IR SLM. This transmissive FLC device has 80μm pixels, a
`28° FLC switching angle, and exhibits a peak response around  = l.lμm
`wavelength.” Warr Thesis at 103.
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 103. Warr Thesis also teaches fine tuning of routing holograms.
`“The hologram frame set can again be designed to compensate for
`manufacturing tolerances as was demonstrated during the 1-to-15 experiment. As
`well as compensating for beam offsets (using the hologram splitters) and tilts
`(using the hologram combiners), the CGHs may be ‘exclusive-OR’ combined
`with Fresnel zone-like patterns [116] to counteract experimental differences in
`lateral positioning or focal length of the GRINs.” Warr Thesis at 107. “The
`optical configuration might therefore enable the construction of dense optical
`switches that have a large enough aperture to simultaneously interconnect several
`FLC-over-silicon backplane SLMs, encompassing a huge number of interconnect
`pixels.” Warr Thesis at 107. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 62.
`[2.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1, wherein
`control of said light beams is selected from the group comprising: control of
`direction, control of power, focussing, aberration compensation, sampling
`and beam shaping.
`Claim 2 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`The disclosure found in Warr Thesis discussed in claim [1e.] above includes
`control of direction and control of power as discussed above. See Hall Decl. at
`¶¶ 70-72.
`[4a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1,
`comprising: providing a discrete number of voltages available for
`application to each phase modulating element;
`Claim 4 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`A discrete number of voltages available for application to each phase modulating
`element is disclosed in Warr Thesis. “Addressing takes place by applying an
`enabling voltage to a single row and then writing data on all columns. The full
`frame is addressed by repeating this process down all rows. The inherent
`bistability of fully surface-stabilised FLC materials means that the data will be
`
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`5
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`retained whilst the other rows are being scanned.” Warr Thesis at 17. “SLMs
`typically consist of an array of individually controllable pixels. A number of
`suitable technologies are currently available for displaying CGH diffraction
`patterns… Ferroelectric liquid crystal SLMs [30] are limited to binary
`modulation states when driven in their usual mode of operation, but they
`potentially operate much faster than nematics, with material switching speeds of
`the order of 10μs.” Warr Thesis at 7.
`
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 19. See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 73-74.
`[4b.] on the basis of the respective generated holograms, determining the
`desired level of phase modulation at a predetermined point on each phase
`modulating element and
`Because the computer generated holograms are programmed and stored in the
`device in Warr Thesis, there is a desired level of phase modulation at each phase
`modulating element. “This is achieved by the use of programmable computer-
`generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC)
`spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-dimensional binary
`modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically reconfigurable diffraction
`pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii. “The FLC device displays one frame from a set of
`phase CGHs which have been calculated off-line at an earlier stage and placed
`in a frame store to be recalled on demand.” Warr Thesis at 33.See Hall Decl. at ¶
`75.
`[4c.] choosing for each phase modulating element the available voltage
`which corresponds most closely to the desired level.
`The device in Warr Thesis chooses for each phase modulating element the
`available voltage which corresponds most closely to the desired level. “This is
`achieved by the use of programmable computer-generated holograms (CGHs)
`displayed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM).
`The SLM provides fast 2-dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and
`acts as a dynamically reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii.
`“The FLC device displays one frame from a set of phase CGHs which have been
`calculated off-line at an earlier stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on
`demand.” Warr Thesis at 33. “Addressing takes place by applying an enabling
`voltage to a single row and then writing data on all columns. The full frame is
`6
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`

`

`addressed by repeating this process down all rows. The inherent bistability of
`fully surface-stabilised FLC materials means that the data will be retained whilst
`the other rows are being scanned.” Warr Thesis at 17. “SLMs typically consist
`of an array of individually controllable pixels. A number of suitable
`technologies are currently available for displaying CGH diffraction patterns…
`Ferroelectric liquid crystal SLMs [30] are limited to binary modulation states
`when driven in their usual mode of operation, but they potentially operate much
`faster than nematics, with material switching speeds of the order of 10μs.” Warr
`Thesis at 7.
`
`
`
`Warr Thesis at 19. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 76.
`[5a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1,
`comprising: providing a discrete number of voltages available for
`application to each phase modulating element;
`Claim 5 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above. See also [4a.]. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 77.
`[5b.] determining a subset of the available voltages which provides the best
`fit to the generated hologram.
`Warr Thesis determines a subset of the available voltages which provides the
`best fit to the generated hologram. “This is achieved by the use of programmable
`computer-generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid
`crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-
`dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically
`reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii. “The FLC device
`displays one frame from a set of phase CGHs which have been calculated off-
`line at an earlier stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on demand.”
`Warr Thesis at 33. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 78.
`[6a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1, further
`comprising the step of storing said control data wherein the step of storing
`said control data comprises calculating an initial hologram using a desired
`direction change of a beam of light,
`Claim 6 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`Warr Thesis discloses a device where storing control data includes the step of
`7
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`

`calculating an initial hologram. “This is achieved by the use of programmable
`computer-generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid crystal
`(FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-dimensional
`binary modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically reconfigurable
`diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii. “The FLC device displays one frame
`from a set of phase CGHs which have been calculated off-line at an earlier
`stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on demand.” Warr Thesis at 33.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 79-80.
`[6b.] applying said initial hologram to a group of phase modulating
`elements, and
`Warr Thesis discloses a device that applies the initial hologram to a group of
`phase modulating elements. “This is achieved by the use of programmable
`computer-generated holograms (CGHs) displayed on a ferroelectric liquid
`crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM provides fast 2-
`dimensional binary modulation of coherent light and acts as a dynamically
`reconfigurable diffraction pattern.” Warr Thesis at viii. “The FLC device
`displays one frame from a set of phase CGHs which have been calculated off-
`line at an earlier stage and placed in a frame store to be recalled on demand.”
`Warr Thesis at 33. See Hall Decl. at ¶ 81.
`[6c.] correcting the initial hologram to obtain an improved result.
`Warr Thesis also teaches how to correct an initial hologram. “Slight
`irregularities in the fibre array pitch meant that the 15 remaining fibre locations
`in the replay plane had to be experimentally determined. This was achieved by
`rapidly displaying SLM hologram frames to raster scan a replay spot about a
`9x9 grid in the expected vicinity of each fibre core. The pitch of this grid was the
`holographic replay resolution of xr = 4.28μm and the search goal was to find a
`fibre mode of diameter 2w0  5.6μm. Each fibre core location was then
`determined from the hologram frame that maximised the optical signal reaching
`the corresponding photodiode receiver.” Warr Thesis at 36-37. “Although this
`scanning process is somewhat laborious, future characterisation of fibre arrays
`could easily be automated by feeding the photodiode signals back to the
`hologram frame store controller. Once the switch is operational, this technique
`could also be used as an adaptive method of maintaining a fibre launch in the
`presence of low frequency vibrations or other disturbance.” Warr Thesis at 37.
`
`“The hologram frame set can again be designed to compensate for manufacturing
`tolerances as was demonstrated during the 1-to-15 experiment. As well as
`compensating for beam offsets (using the hologram splitters) and tilts (using the
`hologram combiners), the CGHs may be ‘exclusive-OR’ combined with Fresnel
`
`
`
`8
`
`

`

`zone-like patterns [116] to counteract experimental differences in lateral
`positioning or focal length of the GRINs.” Warr Thesis at 107.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶ 82.
`[8a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1, in which
`the SLM is integrated on a substrate and has an integrated quarter-wave
`plate
`Claim 8 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`Warr Thesis disclosed an integrated SLM with an integrated quarter wave plate.
`“The development of CMOS backplane SLMs has important implications for
`free-space optical architectures because they potentially provide the ability to
`have high pixel densities in very compact volumes. CMOS devices interface
`readily with other electronic components and typically operate an order of
`magnitude faster than their passive transmissive counterparts. The use of silicon
`circuitry also provides the opportunity for placing some local electronic
`processing at each pixel to enhance the device functionality.” Warr Thesis at
`19. “An alternative approach [62] obtains an aggregate electro-optic switching
`angle of 90 by using two layers of 45° material separated by a fixed (/4)-
`waveplate, but the critical optical alignment between the two pixel-planes that is
`required with this type of geometry makes it less attractive compared to the shift-
`invariant diffraction properties of normal FLC holograms.” Warr Thesis at 25.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 83-84.
`[8b.] whereby it is substantially polarisation insensitive.
`Warr Thesis discusses a substantially polarisation insensitive SLM in terms of
`the mathematical operation of these devices. “Until recently it had been assumed
`that polarisation insensitive operation could not be achieved with the more
`common smaller switching angle materials and thus the application of FLC-SLM
`technology to optical fibre switches appeared to be severely limited. This chapter
`presents a full polarisation analysis and reveals that the accepted view is not in
`fact true. FLC-SLMs configured as diffractive optical elements are actually
`inherently insensitive to the polarisation of the light passing through them
`[63]. This realisation has led to the first demonstration of dynamic polarisation
`independent single-mode fibre interconnects [64], and also has important
`implications for a much wider range of optical processing applications.” Warr
`Thesis at 25.
`
`
`
`
`9
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`

`

`
`“Equation (3.10) predicts that in the absence of polarisers, the amount of light
`that is diffracted by an FLC-CGH is always a constant ratio of the input optical
`power. Simulations of random and time-variant polarisation states show that the
`distribution of light away from the zero-order is unaffected by the removal of
`polarisers and apart from the addition of the central spot, the holograms replay as
`before.” Warr Thesis at 29.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶ 84.
`[9a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1, wherein
`the phase-modulating elements are substantially reflective,
`Claim 9 depends from claim 1, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`Warr Thesis discloses an SLM where the phase-modulating elements are
`substantially reflective. “A promising innovation in the development of
`miniature FLC devices is to construct SLMs directly on the top of CMOS VLSI
`silicon chips [15]. These devices operate in reflection and each pixel is
`addressed by a signal applied to an aluminium pad which doubles as the pixel
`mirror, figure 2.6. The use of CMOS circuitry at each pixel also removes the
`reliance on full FLC material bistability and enables pixel pitches down to about
`25μm to be addressed relatively easily.” Warr Thesis at 17.
`
`Warr Thesis at 18.
`
`
`
`
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`10
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`

`

`
`“Figure 6.4(b) shows a similar design principle applied to a crossbar. Each GRIN
`is glued to a fibre bundle and to a reflective SLM. The GRINs therefore form an
`array of compact one-to-any switches, and a dilated crossbar structure may be
`created by appropriately splicing the fibres between GRINs using the
`interconnect pattern from figure 5.1. This crossbar design is particularly
`attractive because of its simplicity and robustness, and because there is no limit
`on the number of FLC-over-silicon SLM chips that may be used in the
`construction of the switch.” Warr Thesis at 115.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 85-86.
`[9b.] whereby emergent beams are deflected from the specular reflection
`direction.
`Deflection from the specular reflection direction in reflective SLMs is found in
`Warr Thesis. “The collimation array in plane P2 is arranged exactly one focal
`distance in front of the fibre ends so that the Gaussian signal beams are
`individually collimated through the FLC-SLM. The SLM display area is then
`divided into distinct sub-holograms, such that every input source is deflected by
`a different CGH…For any particular input fibre, the position of the first-order
`replay spot on the mirror's surface relative to the system axis, is determined by
`the angle of deflection of that input’s sub-hologram frame.” Warr Thesis at 89.
`“This array was then incorporated into the optical configuration shown in figure
`5.10. Each of the four beams was deflected by a separate 80x80 pixel region of
`the 2DX320IR SLM.” Warr Thesis at 103.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶ 86.
`[11a.] An optical device comprising an SLM and a control circuit, the SLM
`having a two-dimensional array of controllable phase-modulating elements
`and
`Claim 11 is substantially similar to claim 1; the arguments above for claim 1
`closely track those for claim 11.
`See [1 pre.]; Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 64-65.
`
`
`
`11
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`

`

`[11b.] the control circuit having a store constructed and arranged to hold
`plural items of control data, the control circuit being constructed and
`arranged to delineate groups of individual phase-modulating elements,
`See [1 pre.], [1a.], and [1b.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 64.
`[11c.] to select, from stored control data, control data for each group of
`phase-modulating elements, and
`See [1b.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 64.
`[11d.] to generate from the respective selected control data a respective
`hologram at each group of phase-modulating elements,
`See [1c.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 64.
`[11e.] wherein the control circuit is further constructed and arranged to
`vary the delineation of the groups and/or the selection of control data,
`See [1d.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 64.
`[11f.] whereby upon illumination of said groups by respective light beams,
`respective emergent light beams from the groups are controllable
`independently of each other.
`See [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 64.
`[12a.] An optical device according to claim 11, having sensor devices
`arranged to detect light emergent from the SLM,
`Claim 12 depends from claim 11, which is anticipated for the reasons discussed
`above.
`Light sensors are disclosed in Warr Thesis. “Essentially backplane SLMs
`operate as optically-readable memory. Although the integration of photodiodes
`onto the silicon circuitry also introduces the possibility of optically addressed
`‘smart pixels’ [50], usually we are only concerned with electronic addressing
`schemes (EASLMs).” Warr Thesis at 19. “Slight irregularities in the fibre array
`pitch meant that the 15 remaining fibre locations in the replay plane had to be
`experimentally determined. This was achieved by rapidly displaying SLM
`hologram frames to raster scan a replay spot about a 9x9 grid in the expected
`vicinity of each fibre core. The pitch of this grid was the holographic replay
`resolution of xr = 4.28μm and the search goal was to find a fibre mode of
`diameter 2w0  5.6μm. Each fibre core location was then determined from the
`hologram frame that maximised the optical signal reaching the corresponding
`photodiode receiver.” Warr Thesis at 36-37. “Although this scanning process is
`somewhat laborious, future characterisation of fibre arrays could easily be
`automated by feeding the photodiode signals back to the hologram frame store
`controller. Once the switch is operational, this technique could also be used as
`an adaptive method of maintaining a fibre launch in the presence of low
`frequency vibrations or other disturbance.” Warr Thesis at 37. “Integration of
`
`
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`12
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`

`photodiodes onto the silicon surface might also allow optical control signals to
`be passed directly to the electronic hardware and the routeing hologram patterns
`might be stored and recalled directly from memory areas within the device
`circuitry.” Warr Thesis at 60.
`
`“The hologram frame set can again be designed to compensate for
`manufacturing tolerances as was demonstrated during the 1-to-15 experiment.
`As well as compensating for beam offsets (using the hologram splitters) and tilts
`(using the hologram combiners), the CGHs may be ‘exclusive-OR’ combined
`with Fresnel zone-like patterns [116] to counteract experimental differences in
`lateral positioning or focal length of the GRINs.” Warr Thesis at 107.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 87-88.
`[12b.] the control circuit being responsive to signals from the sensor devices
`to vary said delineation and/or said selection.
`See [12a.].
`[14a.] An optical routing device having at least first and second SLMs and a
`control circuit,
`With the exception of the requirement that Claim 14 have a first and a second
`SLM, claim 14 is substantially similar to claim 1; the arguments above for claim
`1 closely track those for claim 14.
`
`See [1 pre.], [1a.], and [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 66-67.
`
`Warr Thesis discloses a double-SLM arrangement. “The only method of
`breaking the symmetry of a diffractive optical element is to effectively ‘blaze’ it
`by introducing additional phase levels, hence forcing the hologram function
`CGH(Xm, Yn) to become complex-valued. Although it is possible to generate
`four-levels of phase (0, π/2, π, 3π/2) using a combination of two distinct FLC-
`SLM devices in conjunction with a waveplate [71- 73], the alignment and control
`of such a system is difficult, typically requiring extra lenses to image one device
`onto the other.” Warr Thesis at 44. “A second method of achieving asymmetric
`replay fields is to concatenate several binary FLC devices [39].” Warr Thesis at
`114.
`
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`13
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`
`
`Warr Thesis at 89.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶ 68.
`[14b.] the first SLM being disposed to receive respective light beams from
`an input fibre array, and
`See [14a.], [1 pre.], and [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14c.] the second SLM being disposed to receive emergent light from the
`first SLM and to provide light to an output fibre array,
`See [14a.], [1 pre.], and [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14d.] the first and second SLMs each having a respective two-dimensional
`array of controllable phase-modulating elements and
`See [14a.], [1 pre.], [1a.], and [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14e.] the control circuit having a store constructed and arranged to hold
`plural items of control data,
`See [14a.], [1 pre.], [1a.], and [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14f.] the control circuit being constructed and arranged to delineate groups
`of individual phase-modulating elements,
`See [1a.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14g.] to select, from stored control data, control data for each group of
`phase-modulating elements, and
`See [1b.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14h.] to generate from the respective selected control data a respective
`hologram at each group of phase-modulating elements,
`See [1c.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14i.] wherein the control circuit is further constructed and arranged to
`vary the delineation of the groups and/or the selection of control data,
`See [1d.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`[14j.] whereby upon illumination of said groups by respective light beams,
`respective emergent light beams from the groups are controllable
`independently of each other.
`See [1e.]; Hall Decl. at ¶ 66.
`
`
`
`
`14
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`

`

`B. Ground 2: Claims 6 and 12 are rendered obvious by the
`combination of Warr Thesis and Johansson
`
`
`
`‘710 Claim Language
`Followed by corresponding features in the reference.
`[6a.] A method of operating an optical device according to claim 1, further
`comprising the step of storing said control data wherein the step of storing
`said control data comprises calculating an initial hologram using a desired
`direction change of a beam of light,
`See Section I.A, claim 1 for a description of how Warr Thesis meets the elements
`from claim 1. Also see Section I.A, [6a.] where it was demonstrated that Warr
`Thesis discloses this element. But to the extent it is found that Warr Thesis does
`not disclose this element, Johansson does disclose this element.
`
`
`
`
`Johansson at 349.
`
`“On start-up of the switch, a sequence of holograms is displayed on the SLM,
`and the beam is continuously scanned over the output fibers. By simultaneously
`monitoring the output power of the channels, the specific holograms needed to
`deflect the beam to the eight output channels with maximum output power, for
`the present output fiber geometry, can be determined. Once these holograms are
`determined, they are stored in the computer memory and can be displayed when
`the switch is to be reconfigured.
`If the monitored output power for an established channel decreases due to
`mechanical drift during operation, the displayed hologram and consequently the
`beam deflection angle can be adjusted to restore the original power level.”
`Johansson at 349.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 55-62, 90-91.
`
`
`
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`[6b.] applying said initial hologram to a group of phase modulating
`elements, and
`See Section I.A, claim 1 for a description of how Warr Thesis meets the elements
`from claim 1. Also see Section I.A, [6b.] where it was demonstrated that Warr
`Thesis discloses this element. But to the extent that Warr Thesis does not
`disclose this element, Johansson does disclose this element.
`
`
`
`
`Johansson at 349.
`
`“On start-up of the switch, a sequence of holograms is displayed on the SLM,
`and the beam is continuously scanned over the output fibers. By simultaneously
`monitoring the output power of the channels, the specific holograms needed to
`deflect the beam to the eight output channels with maximum output power, for
`the present output fiber geometry, can be determined. Once these holograms are
`determined, they are stored in the computer memory and can be displayed when
`the switch is to be reconfigured.
`If the monitored output power for an established channel decreases due to
`mechanical drift during operation, the displayed hologram and consequently the
`beam deflection angle can be adjusted to restore the original power level.”
`Johansson at 349.
`See Hall Decl. at ¶¶ 55-62, 90-91.
`[6c.] correcting the initial hologram to obtain an improved result.
`See Section I.A, claim 1 for a description of how Warr Thesis meets the elements
`from claim 1. Also see Section I.A, [6c.] where it was demonstrated that Warr
`Thesis discloses this element. But to the extent that Warr Thesis does not
`disclose this element, Johansson does disclose this element.
`
`
`“We have used a dynamic diffractive spatial light modulator for adaptive beam
`steering. With adaptive beam steering it is possible to substantially reduce the
`alignment accuracy needed for the assembly of a free-space optical switch and to
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`make it adaptive to changes in the environment during operation.” Johansson at
`347. “By using a feedback loop, monitoring the output power from the output
`channels, it is possible to adjust the SLM beam deflection angle to compensate
`for misalignments.” Johansson at 348.
`
`
`Johansson at 348. “The phase grating displayed on the FLC SLM determines the
`beam def