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`

`
`
`United States Patent Office 3,513,374
`
`Patented May 19, 1970
`
`1
`
`3,513,374
`CAR WINDOW SAFETY CIRCUIT
`Edward J. Koment, Franklin Lakes, N.J.
`(60 Harrison Ave., Waldwick, N.J. 07463)
`Filed Sept. 5, 1968, Ser. No. 760,115
`Int. Cl. H02p 1/22
`U.S. CI. 318-266
`
`2
`R1, R2, R3, R4, R5,
`G5; capacitors C1 and C2; resistors
`
`R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, Rll, R12 and R13; conventional
`D1, D2, D3 and D4 ( 1N3193);
`diode-rectifiers
`tran­
`
`sistors Q1 and Q4 of a conventional switching type
`(2N3904),
`
`transistors Q3 and Q5 also of a conventional
`type (2N3906),
`5 switching
`
`
`and uni-junction transistor Q2
`used for timing circuits (2N2160),
`all elements being
`12 Claims
`
`
`functionally interconnected in the circuit as shown in the
`drawing and hereinafter described.
`
`10 Applicant's new circuit can be built in part or entirely
`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
`
`in the form of an integrated circuit to conserve space
`
`
`A circuit of transistor elements interconnected to pro­
`
`and to reduce cost of production and labor installation
`vide a safety sensing overload circuit which controls a
`
`
`of same. A broad dedfinition of an integrated circuit is
`
`timing and a motor reversing drcuit for operating car
`defined as a "chip" or "module," with all components of
`windows and the like.
`15 the circuit such as resistors,
`or
`
`capacitors, transistors
`
`other electronic components enclosed in such "module,"
`capsule or similar small device or type of packaging of
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`
`
`assembled electronic circuits and parts.
`The term bias or biasing means, as used in this ap-
`
`motors for raising and In many circuits for operating
`
`20 plication,
`means in general, the voltage applied to a
`lowering automobile windows, the operator manually
`
`transistor to bring it to a state necessary for proper
`operates a switch to energize a circuit and proper opera­
`
`circuit operation.
`
`tional windings to operate an electrical mechanism for
`Referring more specifically to motor 28, this motor has
`
`
`
`operational closing and opening the car window for the
`
`conventional field windings (not shown) to operate by
`above closed position and open position of the window,
`25 gear means 26, the car window 22 in the closed position
`
`with no safety provision of the circuit for automatically
`
`
`or open position of window 22, as hereinafter described.
`
`reversing the closing of a car window should a child's
`
`Referring more specifically to relay means RL1, this
`head or other object becomes lodged between the top of
`
`relay is comprised of energizing coil 60, armature 50
`the car window and door frame.
`
`interconnected to switches 1, 2 and 3 and swi�ch contacts
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`30 52, 54, 56 and 58 as shown in the drawing when relay
`
`
`The circuit of the invention, in general, comprises a
`
`
`coil 60 is not energized, and as hereinafter explained
`manually operated switch, transistor circuit, means for
`
`
`
`when relay RL1 is energized. Coil 60 is also in parallel
`energizing an electric circuit and motor means for raising
`
`
`
`with diode D2 in this circuit to protect Ql during the
`and lowering a car window means having upper and
`novel operation of this circuit and car window 22.
`of said 35
`lower ·cut-off switch means for ordinary operation
`
`
`Applicant's new circuit is additionally comprised of a
`car window means, and overload sensing and timing cir­
`
`
`timing pulse circuit, a voltage sensing circuit and a
`
`cuit means to reverse the window travel should it strike
`
`
`current sensing circuit, as hereinafter described.
`an object in its upward travel.
`
`
`Applicant's timing pulse circuit is comprised, in gen­
`
`eral, of diode D1 connected to connection 81, lead 90.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
`40 resistor
`
`
`R1, transistor Q2, R2, R3, capacitor C1, R4,
`The drawing is a schematic circuit showing of the in­
`
`diode D2, coil 60, Q1 and lead 64 as shown in the
`vention implemented ·by interconnected upper and lower
`
`
`
`
`
`drawing. Transistor Q2 is a uni-junction transistor and
`
`manual directional operational switches for open and
`
`is comprised of bases B1 and B2 and emitter E as shown
`closed positions of the car window by energized motor
`
`in the above circuit.
`45
`
`means, and transistorized sensing and timing overload
`In applicant's timing pulse circuit, resistor R1 is used
`
`
`
`
`
`
`circuits to actuate a relay means including •contacts for
`
`
`
`for temperature stabilization; resistors R2 and R3 and
`reversing the electric motor to lower the window should
`
`
`
`
`capacitor C1 is used for timing in this circuit; diode D2
`
`it reistively strike an object such as a child's head
`
`
`
`protects transistor Q1 which controls operation of relay
`or the like in its upward travel.
`
`
`RL1; and uni-junction transistor Q2 is used for pulse tim-
`50 ing signal by lead 64 connected to the voltage sensor cir­
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`cuit, as hereinafter described.
`Referring to the drawing, the exemplary car window
`voltage sensing circuit is comprised, in
`Applicant's
`
`22 of car door 20 is connected by conventional means 26
`
`
`
`general, of lead 64, resistance R5, lead 68, transistor Q5,
`
`to motor 28 which is interconnected by circuit and suit­
`
`lead 70, Q4, lead 66 ccmnected to ground G1 and R7
`55 which is interconnected
`
`able switch means to battery 40 or other suitable power
`to R6 as shown in the drawing.
`
`
`means, as shown and hereinafter described. Switch inter­
`
`
`Applicant's current sensing circuit, in general is com­
`rupter 24 of window 22 contacts upper limit switch
`prised of relay operated switch 2 with contacts 54 and 56
`ULSW to open same when the window is closed on its
`
`
`interconnected to lead 76 and R13, respectively, and R8
`
`upward travel, and contactor means 24 opens the
`
`interconnected to R9 and RlO and ground G4, transistor
`60 Q3, lead 74 and Rll which is connected to diode D3 and
`DLSW switch when car window 22 is fully opened.
`SW1 of the circuit is manually closed on the up contact
`
`R12 connected to ground G2. Transistor Q3 is connected
`
`41 to actuate motor 28 and close window 22. Likewise,
`
`by C2 to ground G5 and lead 72 and resistance R6 to
`SW1 is manually closed on down contact 42 to close
`the above sensing circuit. Lead 78 is connected to car win-
`
`window 22. One of the novel safety features of this
`dow upper limit switch L.SWl as shown in the drawing.
`safety sensing and timing circuit is that, should window 65
`
`In the above circuits diode D3 acts as a temperature
`22 on its upward travel contact an object like a child's
`
`
`compensator, resistance RIO acts as a current sensor
`head, the window will go back down to a predetermined
`
`for total current flow, resistance Rll acts as a threshold
`
`
`level or fully opened as hereinafter explained, even if
`
`
`bias for transistor Q3; resistance R12 acts also as a
`switch SW1 is manually held closed in the up position.
`70 bias for transistor
`
`Applicant's novel circuit includes an up limit switch
`
`Q3. Resistance R6 couples the signal
`
`and an optional down limit switch and additionally com­
`from the current sensor circuit to the voltage sensor cir­
`prises, in general, relay RL1; grounds G1, G2, G4 and
`
`
`cuit. Capacitance C2 is used to prevent initial current
`
`

`

`3,513,374
`
`4
`3
`Q4 and Q5. Q4 and Q5 remain turned on (conducting)
`surge at the starting flow from triggering the circuit op­
`
`
`eration of the current sensor circuit.
`even when the starting signal is removed, due to the
`
`Resistances RS and R9 are used for biasing and stabiliz­
`
`
`
`regenerative biasing on the circuit. Essentially then, Q1
`ing the current sensor circuit above.
`
`
`emitter is nearly at ground potential. Transistor Q1 is
`
`R13 is used 5 In the current sensing circuit resistance
`
`normally in the conducting state, and when the emitter
`
`as a feed back means to prevent capacitance C2 from
`
`is essentially brought to ground through Q4 and Q5, the
`being rapidly discharged which keeps relay RL1 operat-
`
`
`relay RL1 will pick up or (energize). The relay contacts
`ing and the car window 22 going downwardly for a pre­
`will now move by armature 50, and switch 1 will operate
`
`determined time after it has contacted an object on its
`
`an optional alarm if desired, switch 2 will remove power
`
`even if manual switch SW1 is held closed 10 upward travel,
`to the up winding of the motor, and if switch SW1 is
`on up contact 41, thus affecting a novel safety feature of
`manually held closed on contact 41 it will apply power
`this circuit.
`
`to R13 and then to capacitor C2, also switch 3 will close
`Leads 100 and 101 may be optionally connected to the
`
`
`(remembering all contacts of RL1 transfer at once by
`
`energized circuit of an alarm such as a buzzer, bell, lamp
`armature 50) and supply power to RL1 by diode D1 and
`to switch 1 and con-15
`or the like (not shown) as desired,
`also apply power to the down winding of the motor to
`tact 52, which is operated by armature 50 of relay RL1
`operate car window 22.
`which actuates the alarm after car window 22 has struck
`
`
`If resistance R10 has excess voltage (meaning the motor
`an object on its upward travel to give an audible or
`
`
`was stalling) transistor Q3 would energize which would
`visual alarm or safety signal to the operator of car win­
`
`send a signal to transistors Q4 and Q5 which would ener-
`20 gize and then RL1 would energize to close contact 58 of
`dow 22.
`
`switch 3. Also switch 3 would send power to the down
`The above circuit is properly grounded at points G1,
`winding of motor 28, and switch 1 would energize an
`G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 as shown in the drawing and
`understood by those skilled in the art.
`optional alarm, also switch 2 would move from 54 to 56
`Lead 84 connects contact 42 of manual switch SW1
`when RL1 is energized.
`to diode Dl which is connected to junction 81 of the 25
`DOWNWARD OPERATION OF CAR WINDOW
`
`
`above timing circuit. Contact 42 is also operatively con­
`AND CIRCUIT
`nected by lead SO to lower limit switch L.SW2 for down­
`If switch SW1 is manually closed
`on contact 42, car
`ward travel of car window 22. However, down limit switch
`window 22 will travel downward until contactor 24
`
`
`is not essential, because the down operation of the motor
`operated 30
`reaches and opens the contacts of lower limit switch
`
`28 will cease (if the circuit was not automatically
`L.SW2, or if SW1 is removed from 42, or the window
`by excess strain on the windows) by the timing circuit.
`
`will stop after a pre-determined time if the circuit was
`OPERATION OF PULSING, VOLTAGE SENSING
`
`operated automatically by the current sensor. Assuming
`AND CURRENT SENSING CIRCUITS
`
`operation was automatic capacitor C1 is now charging
`when there is 35
`Refering to the voltage sensing circuit,
`
`slowly by resistors R2, R3 and when the firing point of
`no signal from the current circuit on lead 72, the voltage
`
`
`transistor Q2 is reached, the resistance between the emit-
`sensing circuit operates like an open switch. When the
`ter of Q2 and the base contacts of Q2 is very low, and
`
`voltage sensing circuit receives a signal from the current
`causes Q1 to become reverse biased, causing a brief
`
`sensor R10 by lead 72 and resistance R6 of the current
`
`(open) or non-conducting period of time of Q1, which
`Q4 and Q5 turn on. If this 40
`sensing circuit, transistors
`
`
`causes RL1 to de-energize, and transistors Q4 and Q5
`
`signal is removed, Q4 and Q5 remain conducting due to
`
`to return to their original state of non-conducting.
`
`the fact that each of these transistors holds the other
`Should switch SWl be manually closed on up contact
`
`forward biased, and on (conducting) they will remain on,
`41, the circuit will "cycle," and the window 22 will re­
`
`until lead 64 has an interruption of power. This interrup­
`main down (or continue going down if the window is
`of uni-45
`tion of power occurs because of the performance
`not yet fully down) due to the voltage developed across
`
`
`junction transistor Q2. When capacitor C1 of the pulsing
`
`
`capacitor C2 and due to the resistance value of R13 in
`
`circuit charges to the firing voltage of transistor Q2, Q2
`the circuit after hitting an object on the way up.
`
`
`fires (shorts) and turns off transistor Q1. Q1 is turned off
`From the foregoing it will now be seen that there is
`
`momentarily which drops out relay RL1 and opens switch
`herein provided an improved car window safety operat­
`RL1 does 50
`3 from its contact 58. To insure that relay
`
`
`ing means and new actuating circuitry therefor which
`
`
`become de-energized, transistor Q4 and Q5 also turn off
`
`
`accomplishes all the objects of this invention, and others,
`
`due to the interruption of power.
`
`
`
`
`including many advantages of great practical utility and
`commercial importance.
`As many embodiments may be made of this inventive
`55 concept as obtain within the purview of this invention
`as desired by those skilled in the art without departing
`Moving manual switch SW1 to contact 41 will cause
`
`
`
`therefrom. Therefore, it is to be understood that all
`current from battery 40 to flow through switch 2, contact
`
`matter herein is to be interpreted merely as illustrative,
`
`54, lead 76 resistance R10 and lead 78 to window upper
`
`and not in a limiting sense.
`
`limit switch L.SW1 and energize motor 28 to raise by gear
`means 26 car window 22 until contactor 24 opens the 60
`
`In some types of vehicles there may have to be a slight
`variation
`
`of circuit operation and construction due to
`contacts of switch L.SW1 to stop the travel of window 22
`
`
`electrical and mechanical variations of said vehicles all
`upward.
`of whch should come within the scope and spirit of this
`Under normal conditions, the window will move to the
`
`invention.
`full up position and stop when the up limit switch is
`opened by the window mechanism 24. Also under normal 65
`What is claimed is:
`1. In combination
`with a direct current motor operated
`
`conditions, the voltage drop across R10 is very low, less
`than .5 volt. Should
`
`car window or the like, a transistorized safety circuit
`
`the window meet an obstruction, an
`excess amount of voltage (.5 v. or more) will develop
`
`
`means comprising a car window, an energized power and
`
`
`motor reversing circuit means including motor and gear
`
`across resistance R10. When this happens the values of
`Rll, R12, R9, R10, RS and diode D3 are 70 means operatively
`connected to said window, a timing
`resistances,
`
`pulse circuit, a voltage sensing circuit operably connected
`
`so selected as to cause transistor Q3 to conduct, and
`
`to said timing pulse circuit, a current sensing overload
`
`cause capacitor C2 to develop a voltage across it. Initially
`circuit operably connected to said voltage sensing circuit,
`transistors Q4 and Q5 are in the nonconducting state,
`
`
`
`and relay circuit means selectively cooperating with said
`
`
`but when the voltage across capacitor C2 increases, the
`75 circuits
`
`and motor to automatically reverse said motor
`values of R6 and R7 are so selected to turn on transistors
`
`
`UPPER OPERATION OF CAR WINDOW AND
`CIRCUIT
`
`

`

`3,513,374
`
`6
`5
`
`motor circuit comprising a direct current source of energy
`
`should the car window strike an object on its upward
`connected by manual operated switch to the up winding
`travel.
`2. A transistor safety
`of the motor and down winding of the motor and inter­
`circuit means as in claim 1,
`connected by switch means operated by the armature of
`wherein said timing pulse circuit comprises a first uni­
`5 said relay in said safety circuits
`
`
`junction transistor, a second transistor, said first tran­
`
`
`for selective operation of
`a car window or the like and having upper and lower
`
`sistor having one base connected by resistance means to
`a closed or limit switch means for selectively obtaining
`
`a first diode means of said motor circuit, an emitter of
`
`
`
`said first transistor connected in series with a resistance
`open position of said window during free travel thereof.
`8. A safety circuit means as in claim 7, wherein said
`�.:onnected to said first diode means and connected to a
`
`capacitance having its positive terminal connected in
`10 timing pulse circuit comprises a first uni-junction
`tran­
`
`series with a resistance connected to said first diode
`
`
`sistor, a second transistor, said uni-junction transistor
`means and connected to the base terminal of said second
`
`having one base connected by resistance means to a first
`
`
`transistor, said second transistor having an emitter con­
`
`diode means of said motor circuit, an emitter of said
`
`nected to a second base terminal of said unijunction tran­
`
`
`
`first transistor connected in series with a resistance con-
`15 nected to said first diode means and connected to
`a
`
`
`sistor and an output terminal, and a collector terminal
`having its positive terminal connected in
`
`of said second transistor being connected in series with
`capacitance
`
`a second diode and energizing coil of a relay means inter­
`
`series with a resistance connected to said first diode means
`and connected to the base terminal of a said second tran­
`
`connected to said first diode means.
`
`3. A transistorized safety circuit means as in claim 1,
`
`
`sistor, said second transistor having an emitter connected
`20 to a second base terminal of said uni-junction
`wherein said voltage sensing circuit comprises a third
`
`transistor
`
`
`transistor having a collector terminal connected by re­
`
`
`and an output terminal, and a collector terminal of said
`
`sistance means to the output of said timing pulse circuit
`
`second transistor being connected in series with a second
`
`and the base terminal of a fourth transistor, said third
`
`diode and energizing coil of a relay means interconnected
`
`transistor having an emitter terminal connected to a
`to said first diode means.
`terminal 23
`9. A safety circuit means as in claim 8 wherein, said
`
`ground and by resistance means to the collector
`
`of said fourth transistor and connected to an outpu�
`
`
`
`voltage sensing circuit comprises a third transistor having
`a collector terminal connected by resistance
`
`terminal connected to said current sensing circuit, said
`means to
`
`
`to emitter of said fourth transistor being interconnected
`
`the output of said timing pulse circuit and the base
`said output of said timing pulse circuit and connected by
`
`
`terminal of a fourth transistor, said third transistor having
`:lO an emitter terminal
`resistance
`
`means to the collector terminal of said third
`
`connected in series to a ground and by
`transistor.
`
`
`resistance means to the collector terminal of said fourth
`
`4. A transistorized safety circuit means as in claim 1
`
`transistor and connected to an output terminal connected
`wherein said current sensing circuit comprises an input
`
`to said current censing circuit, said emitter of said fourth
`from said motor circuit selectively operated by switch
`
`
`
`transistor being interconnected to said output of said
`85 timing pulse circuit and connected by resistance
`means connected to the armature of said relay means,
`means
`said switch means having a first contact and a second
`
`to the collector terminal of said third transistor.
`contact, said first contact being connected to a variable
`10. A safety circuit means as in claim 9, wherein said
`
`resistance sensor means connected in series to the up
`
`
`current sensing circuit comprises an input from said motor
`winding of said motor circuit,
`having its
`a fifth transistor
`
`circuit selectively operated by switch means connected
`40 to the armature of said relay means, said switch means
`
`base terminal connected in series by resistive means to
`said motor up winding and connected to ground, said
`having a first contact and a second contact, said first
`
`fifth transistor also having an emitter terminal connected
`
`contact being connected to a variable resistance sensor
`
`
`by resistance to ground, said fifth transistor having a
`means connected in series to the up winding of said
`
`collector terminal connected in series to said second con­
`
`
`motor circuit, a fifth transistor having its base terminal
`45 connected in series by resistive
`tact of said switch, connected by a feedback resistance
`means to said motor up
`to said voltage sensing circuit and connected by capacit­
`
`
`winding and connected to ground, said fifth transistor also
`ance to ground.
`
`having an emitter terminal connected by resistance to
`5. A transistorized safety circuit means as in claim 1,
`
`
`
`ground, said fifth transistor having a collector terminal
`
`wherein said motor circuit comprises a direct current
`connected in series to said second contact of said switch,
`50 connected by a feedback resistance
`source of energy connected by manual operated switch
`to said voltage sensing
`means to the up winding of the motor and down winding
`
`
`circuit and connected by capacitance to ground.
`
`of the motor and inter-connected by switch means oper­
`
`11. A combination as in claim 7, wherein said safety
`ated by the armature of said relay in said safety circuits
`
`
`circuit includes selective operating means to operate an
`
`
`for selective operation of a car window or the like and
`
`
`
`energized auxiliary alarm circuit should said safety circuit
`55 overload due to said window contacting
`having upper and lower limit switch means for selectively
`an object on its
`
`
`obtaining a closed or open position of said window.
`upward travel.
`,6, A combination
`12. A combination
`as in claim 5, wherein said safety
`of claim 1, wherein said safety cir­
`a command circuit circuit includes and means for operat-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cuit may be constructed as an integrated circuit, or as a
`
`ing an energized alarm circuit should said car window
`
`micro-circuit and encapsulated.
`GO
`strike an object on its upward travel after a manual
`
`References Cited
`
`closing of a command circuit switch.
`
`7. In combination with a direct current motor operated
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`car window or the like, a car door and window means,
`2,751,219
`6/1956
`a motor and gear means connected to said window, a
`I>odge -------------
`2,756,990
`7/1956
`an ener-G5
`Rearney ------------
`
`transistorized safety circuit means comprising
`2,887,311
`5/1959
`RJarnp -------------
`
`gized power and motor reversing circuit means, a timing
`3,296,513
`111967
`�orton ------------
`pulse circuit having an output, a voltage sensing circuit
`
`operably connected to the output of said timing pulse
`ORIS L. RAI>ER, Primary Examiner
`
`circuit, a current sensing circuit operably connected to
`70 K. L. CROSSON, Assistant
`
`
`said voltage sensing circuit, and relay circuit means selec­
`Examiner
`
`
`tively cooperating with said circuits and motor to auto­
`U.S. Cl. X.R.
`
`matically reverse said motor should the car window strike
`318--286, 476
`an object on its upward travel, gear means operatively
`
`interconnecting said motor to said car window, said
`
`318--266
`318--286
`318--266
`318--286
`
`