NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 1
`Medtronic, Inc., Medtronic Vascular, Inc.,
`& Medtronic Corevalve, LLC
`v. Troy R. Norred, M.D.
`Case IPR2014-00395
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`

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`Yet another important object of the present invention is to provide an aortic
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`valve as aforesaid which reduces long-term ventricular and aortic sequelae from pressure
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`overload caused by aortic regurgitation.
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`Another important object of the present invention is to provide an aortic
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`valve as aforesaid which can be placed nonsurgically so as to minimize the health risk to a
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`patient during the procedure.
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`These and other objects and advantages of this invention are achieved by an
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`artificial biomechanical aortic valve integrated with a stent system, which may be placed
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`nonsurgically so as to minimize the risk to the patient during the procedure. The aortic valve is
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`anchored in the ascending aorta with further support supplied in branch vessels or descending
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`aorta as necessary due to the stress forces placed on the artificial valve by the normal
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`hemodynamic pressures in the aorta. The valve is connected to the stent system by serially
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`connected rods. Because of the relatively large surface area of the stent system, this design
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`displaces the forces placed upon the artificial valve across this large surface area. Placing the
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`device nonsurgically eliminates the need for a bypass pump or stemotomy and the associated
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`postoperative risks.
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`These and other objects and advantages of this invention will become
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`apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,
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`wherein is set forth by way of illustration and example, a now preferred embodiment of this
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`20
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`invention.
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`Brief Deseriptien of the Drawings
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`Fig. l is a diagrammatic sectional view of a catheter containing aortic valve
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`and stents of the present invention in the descending portion of an aorta.
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`25
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`Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of Fig.
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`1 with the catheter advanced to the
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`ascending portion of the aorta.
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`Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of Fig. 2 with the aortic valve and stents
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`being deployed into the aorta and the stents being expanded by inflation of a balloon.
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`Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of Fig. 3 with the stents expended and in
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`30
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`place and the catheter removed.
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`Fig
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`. 5 is a diagrammatic view of Fig. 4 showing the relationship between
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`the placement of the stent system and valve to the aortic valve and left ventricle.
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`Fig
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`. 6 is an umbrella aortic valve in a closed position.
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`Fig
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`. 7 is a plan view of the umbrella aortic valve of Fig. 5.
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`Fig
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`Fig
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`Fig
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`. 8 is the umbrella aortic valve of Fig. 5 in an open position.
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`. 9 is a plan view of the umbrella aortic valve of Fig. 7.
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`. 10 is a diagrammatic view of a cone-shaped aortic valve in a closed
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`Fig.
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`Fig.
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`Fig.
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`Fig.
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`11 is a plan view of the cone-shaped valve of Fig. 9.
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`12 is the cone-shaped valve of Fig. 9 in an open position.
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`13 is a plan view of the cone-shaped valve of Fig. 11.
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`14 is a diagrammatic view of another cone-shaped aortic valve in a
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`Fig.
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`15 is a plan view of the cone-shaped valve of Fig. 13.
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`Fig.
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`16 is the cone-shaped aortic valve of Fig. 13 in an open position.
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`Fig.
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`17 is a plan view of the cone-shaped valve of Fig. 15.
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`Fig.
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`18 is a diagrammatic view of a cadaver/porcine incorporated valve and
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`Fig.
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`19 is a plan view of the cadaver/porcine valve of Fig. 18.
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`10
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`position.
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`closed position.
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`stent system.
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`Description of the Preferred Embodiment
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`Turning more particularly to the drawings, Fig.
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`1
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`illustrates a sectional
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`diagrammatic view of a cannular catheter 20 in the descending portion 22 of aorta 24.
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`Cannular catheter 20 contains a balloon catheter 26 which is surrounded by a wire mesh tube
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`or stent system 28 connected to artificial valve 30.
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`The stent system 28 is made up of a small slotted stainless steel tube or
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`series of interconnected rods which form an expandable cylindrical lattice or scaffolding. The
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`stent system 28 is initially collapsed to a small diameter around an angioplasty balloon 29 so
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`that it and valve 30 may be guided into place using an antegrade approach through the
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`10
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`fermoral artery (not shown) to the ascending aorta 32 (Fig. 2).
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`Once cannular catheter 20 is located in ascending aorta 32 above native
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`aortic valve 34,
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`the balloon catheter 26 is deployed (Fig. 3)
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`to place the valve/stent
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`combination 36 in the correct anatomical position so that valve 30 is above aortic valve 34
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`(Fig. 4) and below coronary arteries 38 so that the openings to coronary arteries 38 are
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`unobstructed. When the valve/stent combination 36 is correctly placed, the balloon 29 is
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`inflated to expand the stent scaffolding 28 and force the stent system 28 against the inner
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`walls of ascending aorta 32 to anchor valve 30 in place. After balloon 29 is deflated and
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`balloon catheter 26 is removed, the stent 28 remains locked in place. The stent lattice 28 may
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`extend into descending aorta 32 or branch vessels (not shown) to further support and secure
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`20
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`valve 30 in place.
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`Once the valve and stent combination 36 is in place,
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`the balloon 29 is
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`deflated and balloon catheter 26 is retracted into cannular catheter 20. Both catheters 26 and
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`20 are removed from aorta 24 through the fermoral artery (not shown).
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`25
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`fermoral vein would be accessed and cannulated to guide a balloon catheter into the left
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`Simultaneously with placement of the valve/stent combination 36,
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`the
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`ventricle using a retrograde approach to perform a valvoplasty by inflating the balloon within
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`the aortic valve. The purpose of the valvoplasty is to force the aortic valve open to relieve the
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`pressure gradient between the left ventricle 40 (Fig. 5) and aorta 24. Visualization to place
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`the catheters within the aorta 24 and left ventricle 40 would be accomplished using
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`continuous roentgenogram and ultrasound techniques, such as intracardiac echocardiography
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`(ICE) or fluoroscopy, which are known in the art.
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`Use of this valve/stent combination 36 precludes removal of the native
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`aortic valve 34. The focus would instead be upon debulking of the native aortic valve 34.
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`The main purpose is abolition of the resting gradient. The techniques employed would
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`attempt to achieve a large effective aortic valve area regardless of the functioning of the
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`native aortic valve 34 post-procedure because an artificial aortic valve 30 designed to prevent
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`aortic regurgitation would be in place. Aortic valve 30 is designed not to hinder the ejection
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`of blood from the left ventricle, and to minimize the aortic regurgitant volume.
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`The
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`techniques used to debulk the native aortic valve may include positioning of an Er-YSGG
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`percutaneous laser to decalcify the valve and repeat balloon aortic valvuloplasty. If this is not
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`effective then high frequency ultrasound percutaneously applied to the aortic valve may be
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`necessary.
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`These techniques have been shown to be highly effective at producing
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`debulking and preventing restenosis and increasing the effective aortic valve orifice area.
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`However, they produce tremendous aortic regurgitation. This would not be a problem for the
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`unattached valve 30 which would work as disclosed below for aortic regurgitation.
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`If these techniques do not produce the desired result of increasing the
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`effective aortic valve orifice area then a host of options are still available. For example, two
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`20
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`rings may be guided onto both the aortic and ventricular sides of the native aortic valve and
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`pneumatically sealed together.
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`Then expandable and retractable biotomes may be
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`percutaneously placed for controlled dissection of the native aortic valve. The biotomes may
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`be used for primary resection without stabilizing rings, but
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`there would need to be a
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`stabilization mechanism for the native aortic valve. Another such mechanism could employ
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`25
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`the use of a micro screw into the native valve, which would act as an anchor to guide a
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`biotome onto the native valve. Then the biotomes would take small snips in a controlled
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`fashion off of the native valve. This would gradually increase the effective orifice area.
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`Because the artificial valve is not anchored or dependent upon the native valve for its
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`function,
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`this technique could be easily reapplied, if the native valve were to restenose,
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`without comprising the artificial valve. A tremendous advantage of this procedure would be
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`its independence from a need for a percutaneous bypass pump.
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`Referring to Figs. 6-9, an inverted generally umbrella-shaped valve 30 is
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`shown. Umbrella valve 30 has a generally pear or bulb-shaped main body 52 and a neck 54
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`which extends from the body. Extending from neck 54 is connecting rod 56 which secures
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`stent struts 58 to umbrella valve 30. Frame members or ribs 60 extend radially from and are
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`hingedly attached to body 52. Hinges 61 permit ribs 60 to move between a folded position
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`(Figs. 6-7) where the ribs extend generally parallel to neck 54, and an unfolded position (Figs.
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`8-9) where the ribs extend generally radially from an perpendicular to body 52. Hinges 61
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`10
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`permit ribs 60 from overextending when unfolded. A generally circular canopy 62 is secured
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`to the lower sides of each of the frame members 60 and the lower side 64 of body 52. Canopy
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`62 may be made of a biocompatible, flexible material such as an elastomeric sheet or a
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`Dacron® reinforced polymer, for example. Frame members 60 may be made of stainless
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`steel or a plastic polymer that is able to withstand the shear stresses during folding of valve
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`30.
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`In Figs. 6-9 frame members 60 are shown generally straight. However,
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`frame members 60 may be curved inwardly toward neck 54 when valve 30 is in the folded or
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`collapsed position (Fig. 6) and generally tangentially to the inner wall of the aorta and toward
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`the stent system 28 (Fig. 4) when valve 30 is in the unfolded position (Fig. 8). Additionally,
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`20
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`canopy 62 may extend beyond the ends of frame members 60 to help reduce or eliminate peri-
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`valvular leaks by sealing the valve against the inner wall of the aorta.
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`The end 64 of valve body 52 is generally hemispherical which permits the
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`desired laminar blood flow characteristics of the native aortic valve in the aorta around valve
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`30. Generally, any rounded shape, such as a rounded cone or hemi-ellipse, will produce
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`satisfactory laminar flow.
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`Generally, umbrella-shaped valve 30 is placed in a position above the
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`native aortic valve and below the openings of the coronary arteries 28 (Fig. 4). The structure
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`of valve 30 collapses to a folded (Fig. 6) position wherein the ribs extend along the neck such
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`that the canopy does not traverse the aortic channel. Thus, during systolic contraction of the
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`30
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`left ventricle the blood from the left ventricle may be expelled unimpeded into the aorta (Figs.
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`6-7) as the valve is folded. During diastolic filling of the left ventricle, the pressure in the
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`aorta becomes greater than the pressure in the left ventricle and the blood attempts to flow
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`from the aorta into the left ventricle or regurgitate. This backflow is caught in the canopy 62
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`which causes valve structure 30 to unfold (Figs. 8-9) and prevents aortic regurgitation as the
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`opening between the aorta 24 and the left ventricle is sealed. At this position ribs 60 extend
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`radially and generally perpendicular from body 52.
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`Referring to Figs. 10-13 a second embodiment of an artificial aortic valve is
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`shown which may be placed percutaneously. Conical valve 66 consists of two to 32
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`interconnected plates or fingers 68 and a generally ring-shaped base 70 and a ring 72 secured
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`10
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`to the base 70. The fingers 68 are generally wedge or bowling pin-shaped and are hingedly
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`secured together by ring 72 extending through the base 74 of each finger 68 and
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`interconnected by a biocompatible, durable, flexible generally conically-shaped fabric 75
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`membrane secured to the inside surfaces 69 of the fingers. The fingers 68 extend generally
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`radially inwardly and away from the base 70. Fingers 68 may be constructed of stainless
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`steel, plastic or other biocompatible material.
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`In the closed position (Figs. 10-11), the tops 76 of the fingers contact each
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`adjacent fingertip 76 to prevent regurgitation.
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`It should be understood that if the number of
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`fingers is increased, contact with the adjacent fingers may be along the entire length of the
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`finger 68. If contact is along the entire side length of each adjacent finger when conical valve
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`66 is in the closed position, a membrane 75 may not be necessary to prevent regurgitation. To
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`minimize components and to aid in miniaturizing the device for delivery, the number of
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`fingers 68 may be reduced to two to four interconnecting fingers 68.
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`During systole valve 66 expands or opens as shown in Figs. 12-13 to allow
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`blood ejected from the left ventricle to flow through the center of valve 66. Fingers 68 pivot
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`on ring 72 and tips 76 separate to allow blood to flow through the center of valve 66.
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`Membrane 75 prevents fingers from overextending to block coronary arteries 38 (Fig. 4).
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`Valve 66 and the combined stent 28 is guided into position as shown in
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`Figs. 1—4, and placed over the native aortic valve 34. Base 70 is seated against the root of the
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`aortic valve 34 next to the inner wall of the aorta 24 below coronary arteries 38. The rim 78
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`30
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`of base 70 is made of a pliable biocompatible material which seals against the root of the
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`native aortic valve 34 to reduce peri-valvular leaks. Valve 66 is anchored along the root of
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`the aortic valve with connecting rods 80 which are connected to the ascending aortic stents 28
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`(see Fig. 4). Valve 66 is placed such that rods 80 are positioned between the right and left
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`coronary ostia tangentially along the sinus of valsalva.
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`In this embodiment, there are no
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`intraluminal connecting rods 58 within the ascending aorta as with umbrella valve 30 (see
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`Fig. 4).
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`Conical valve 66 centralizes the blood ejection jet from the left ventricle
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`providing improved laminar
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`flow characteristics through the valve 66 and minimizes
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`hematologic sequelae.
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`Referring to Figs. 14-17, a third embodiment of an artificial aortic valve is
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`shown which may be placed percutaneously. Trihedral valve 82 is similar in structure and
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`operation to conical valve 66 (Figs. 10-13). Arms 84 are hingedly attached to ring 86 of base
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`88 and extend upwardly and radially inwardly from base 88 to generally form a trihedron or
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`cone. Each rod 84 has a crescent-shaped pad 90 at its free end. A cone-shaped membrane 92
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`15
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`of fibrous polymer is secured to each arm 84 and base 88 (not shown in Fig. 14).
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`During distole, back flow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle causes
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`valve 82 to close preventing regurgitation (Figs. 14-15). During systole, blood is ejected
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`from the left ventricle to force valve 82 open and allow blood to flow into the ascending aorta
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`through the center of valve 82. Valve 82 is anchored along the aortic valve root wall with
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`20
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`connecting rods (not shown; see connecting rods 80, Fig. 10) which are connected to
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`ascending aortic stents 28 (Fig. 4). Valve 82 is placed so that the connecting rods are
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`positioned between the right and left coronary ostia tangentially along the sinus of valsalva.
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`In this embodiment, as in the conical valve 66, there are no interluminal connecting rods 58
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`within the ascending aorta as with umbrella valve 30 (see Fig. 4).
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`Base 88 of valve 82 is constructed as disclosed above for base 70 of conical
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`valve 62. Arms 84 may be constructed of stainless steel or other structural biocompatible
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`material such as plastic. Crescent-shaped pads 90 may be constructed of stainless steel for
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`durability or of softer biocompatible materials to better seal the valve 82 when in the closed
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`position (Figs. 14-15), and reduce regurgitation.
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`Other valvular designs which may prove valuable to this technique include
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`the usage of biological tissue incorporated valves, such as cadaver/porcine vales, placed
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`within a percutaneously stented system the benefits of favorable flow and hematologic
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`characteristics (see Figs. 18 and 19). Cadaver/porcine valve 100 is retained in a base ring
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`102. Ring 102 is made of a pliable biocompatible material which seals against the root of the
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`native aortic valve 34 (see Fig. 4) to reduce peri-valvular leaks. Valve 100 is anchored along
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`the root of the aortic valve with connecting rods 104 which are connected to the ascending
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`aortic stents 28 shown in Fig. 4. Valve 100 is placed such that rods 104 are positioned
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`between the right and left coronary ostia tangentially along the sinus of valsalva.
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`The central themes involve increasing the effective aortic valve orifice area
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`while minimizing the resultant aortic regurgitation.
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`Thus,
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`the goals in reducing left
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`ventricular energy expenditure and its resultant long-term sequelae of pressure overload
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`would be met with this system of percutaneously delivered aortic valves.
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`Qlaims
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`Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to
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`be secured by Letters Patent is:
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`1. An aortic valve for regulating blood flow through a channel of an aorta
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`upon placement therein, said valve comprising:
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`a body member having a configuration adapted to fit within a channel of an aorta;
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`a membrane made of a material impervious to an aortic blood flow therethrough; and
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`means for mounting said membrane relative to said body member between a first
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`position wherein said membrane precludes a blood flow past said body member
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`10
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`and a second position wherein said membrane allows a blood flow past said body
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`member.
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`2. An aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 wherein said membrane extends
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`across the aortic channel at said first membrane position and extends generally along the
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`15
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`aortic channel at said second membrane position.
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`3. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 wherein said mounting means
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`comprises a plurality of frame members each having a first end hingedly secured to said body
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`and a free end extending from said body wherein said frame members move with said
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`20
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`membrane between said first and second positions.
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`4. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 3 further comprising a means for
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`stopping said frame members at said first position.
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`25
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`5. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 wherein said mounting means is
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`responsive to changes in blood pressure in the aorta whereby to move said membrane
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`between said first and second positions.
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`6. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 5 wherein said membrane moves to
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`said second position in response to systolic ejection of blood from the left ventricle in which
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`the blood pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the blood pressure in the aorta.
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`7. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 5 wherein said membrane moves to
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`said first position in response to diastolic filling of the left ventricle and the blood pressure in
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`the aorta is higher than the blood pressure in the left ventricle resulting in a reverse flow of
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`blood from the aorta to the left ventricle which is stopped by said membrane.
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`8. An aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body member has an
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`exterior configuration to present a space between said body member exterior configuration
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`and said aortic wall to allow blood flow therearound at said membrane second position.
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`9. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body member is
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`generally ring—shaped having a circumference adapted to seat about an inner circumference of
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`the aortic wall surrounding the aortic channel, said ring having an aperture for blood flow
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`therethrough.
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`10. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 9 wherein said membrane is
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`20
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`generally funnel-shaped having a base opening secured to an inner circumference of said ring-
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`shaped body member and a free end having an aperture therein whereby said aperture in said
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`free end of said membrane is open to allow blood to flow though said membrane from said
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`membrane base opening to said aperture in said free end of said membrane at said membrane
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`second position.
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`25
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`11. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 9 wherein said membrane is
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`generally funnel-shaped having a base opening secured to an inner circumference of said ring-
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`shaped body member and a free end having an aperture therein whereby said aperture in said
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`free end of said membrane is closed to preclude blood from flowing though said membrane
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`from said aperture in said free end of said membrane to said membrane base opening at said
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`membrane first position.
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`12. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 10 wherein said membrane is
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`generally funnel-shaped having a base opening secured to an inner circumference of said ring-
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`10
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`shaped body member and a free end having an aperture therein whereby said aperture in said
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`free end of said membrane is closed to preclude blood from flowing though said membrane
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`from said aperture in said free end of said membrane to said membrane base opening at said
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`membrane first position.
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`15
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`13. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 further comprising means for
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`maintaining said body member within the aortic channel.
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`14. An aortic valve for regulating blood flow through a channel of an aorta
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`upon placement therein, said valve comprising:
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`a body member having a configuration adapted to fit within a channel of an aorta to
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`allow passage of a blood flow therearound;
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`a membrane for traversing the aortic channel to preclude blood flow therethrough; and
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`means for mounting said membrane to said body member between a first position
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`wherein said membrane is unfolded so as to traverse the aortic channel and
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`preclude a blood flow therethrough and a second position wherein said membrane
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`is positioned relative to the body member to allow a blood flow therearound.
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`15. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 14 wherein said means for
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`mounting comprises at least two ribs each having a first end hingedly secured to said body
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`member and a free end extending from said body wherein said ribs move with said membrane
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`between said first and second positions.
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`10
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`15
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`16. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 14 wherein said at least two ribs
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`extend radially from said body so as to traverse the aortic channel at a first rib position, said
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`first rib position corresponding to unfold said membrane at said first position, and wherein
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`said ribs extend generally along said aortic channel at a second rib position to collapse said
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`20
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`membrane at said second position.
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`17. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 14 wherein said membrane
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`contacts the wall of the aortic channel in said first position and seals said membrane against
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`the aortic channel wall to reduce a blood flow therearound.
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`25
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`18. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 14 further comprising means for
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`maintaining said body member in the aorta.
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`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 13
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`19. An aortic valve for regulating a blood flow through an aortic channel
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`upon placement therein, said valve comprising:
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`a ring member having a circumference adapted to seat about an aortic wall surrounding
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`an aortic channel, said ring including an aperture for blood flow therethrough;
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`a membrane having first and second spaced-apart ends, said membrane made of a
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`material resistant to a fluid flow therethrough; and
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`means for mounting said first end of said membrane about said ring aperture with said
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`second end displaced therefrom, said means moving said second membrane end
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`between an open position to allow a blood flow therethrough and a second closed
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`10
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`position to preclude a blood flow therethrough.
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`20. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 19 wherein said mounting means
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`comprises at least one arm having a first end hingedly secured to said ring member and a free
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`end spaced therefrom, said first end of said arm secured to said first end of said membrane,
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`15
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`said free end of said arm secured to said second end of said membrane, and wherein said arm
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`moves with said membrane between said first and second positions.
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`21. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 19 wherein said arm extends
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`generally along a path of said blood flow when in said open position, and generally traverse to
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`20
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`said blood flow when in said closed position.
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`22. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 19 further comprising means for
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`maintaining said ring member in said seat about the aortic wall.
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`23. An aortic valve for controlling a blood flow through an aortic channel
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`upon placement therein, said valve comprising:
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`a tissue valve having an interior member and circumference;
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`a ring member secured to said tissue valve along said tissue valve circumference and
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`having an outer circumference adapted to seat said ring member about an aortic
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`wall surrounding an aortic channel;
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`means for maintaining said ring member in said seated position about the aortic wall;
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`and
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`means for moving said tissue valve interior member between a first closed position and
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`a second open position.
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`24. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 23 wherein said tissue valve
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`interior member is responsive to changes in blood pressure in the aorta whereby to move said
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`tissue valve between said first and second positions.
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`25. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 24 wherein said tissue valve
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`interior member moves to said second position in response to systolic ejection of blood from
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`the left ventricle in which the blood pressure in the left ventricle is greater than the blood
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`pressure in the aortic channel.
`
`26. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 24 wherein said tissue valve
`
`interior member moves to said first position in response to diastolic filling of the left ventricle
`
`whereby the blood pressure in the aortic channel is greater than the blood pressure in the left
`
`ventricle.
`
`27. The aortic valve as claimed in claim 23 wherein said ring contacts the
`
`wall of the aortic channel and seals said ring against the aortic channel wall to reduce blood
`
`flow therearound.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 15
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 15
`
`

`
`-15-
`
`Abstract of the Disclosure
`
`An aortic heart valve which is adapted to be placed percutaneously without
`
`the need for open-heart surgery is placed by a catheter and held in place with a stent system.
`
`The stent system is expanded in the ascending aorta to anchor the valve in the aortic channel
`
`5
`
`above the native aortic valve.
`
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 16
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 16
`
`

`
`PCT
`
`POWER OF ATTORNEY
`
`for an international application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty
`
`(PCT Rule 90.4)
`
`The undersigned applicant(s) (Names should be indicated as they appear in the reques)“.
`
`NORRED, TROY R.
`
`hereby appoints (appoint) the following person as:
`Name and address
`(Family namefollowed by given name,'for a legal entity, fllll ojlieial designdbn. The address must include postal code and name ofcountry.)
`
`agent
`
`E]
`
`common representative
`
`CHASE, D. A. N.; YAKIMO, JR., Michael; DERUSSEAU, Ginnie C.; KERNELL, James J.; BRADLEY, Sean T.
`all of CHASE & YAKIMO, L.C.
`4400 College Boulevard, Suite 130
`Overland Park, Kansas 66211
`United States of America
`
`to Wpresem the Underslgmd before
`
`E all the competent lntemational Authorities
`
`E]
`
`C]
`
`the lntemational Searching Authority only
`
`the International Preliminary Examining Authority only
`
`in connection with the international application identified below:
`
`Tm“ °‘ ‘'‘° ‘“V°'"‘°"‘ PERCUTANEOUS AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
`
`Applicant's or agent's file reference: 2395
`
`International application number (if already available):
`
`and to make or receive payments on behalf of the undersigned.
`
`as receiving Office
`
`Signature Of the applical1t(S)(where there are several applicants. each ofthem must sign," next to each signature, indicate the name ofthe person .s'igm'ng
`and the capacity in which the person signs, rfsuch capacity is not obviousfrom reading the request or this power):
`
`Troy R. Norred
`
`Form PCT/Model of power of attorney (for a given international application)(July 1992)
`
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 17
`NORRED EXHIBIT 2248 - Page 17