METRIC
`
` MIL-STD-1472F
` 23 August 1999
`SUPERSEDING
`MIL-STD-1472E
`31 March 1998
`
`DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
`DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD
`
`HUMAN ENGINEERING
`
`
`
`AREA HFAC
`AMSC N/A
`DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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`MIL-STD-1472F
`
`FOREWORD
`
`1. This standard has been approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the
`Department of Defense.
`
`2. This standard establishes general human engineering criteria for design and development
`of military systems, equipment and facilities. Its purpose is to present human engineering design
`criteria, principles and practices to be applied in the design of systems, equipment and facilities so as
`to:
`
`a. Achieve required performance by operator, control and maintenance personnel.
`
`b. Minimize skill and personnel requirements and training time.
`
`c. Achieve required reliability of personnel-equipment combinations.
`
`d. Foster design standardization within and among systems.
`
`3. This standard does not alter requirements for system development participation of human
`engineering specialists to interpret and implement these practices and to provide solutions to human
`engineering problems which arise and which are not specifically covered herein.
`
`4. MIL-HDBK-759 is intended to serve as a companion document to this standard and
`should be consulted for data, preferred practices, and design guidelines, including design guidelines
`for variations of basic hardware configurations covered herein.
`
`5. Requirements herein are expressed in the International System of units (SI). As a
`convenience, the metric units are accompanied by their approximate customary system equivalents
`(in parentheses). Angular measure is expressed in degrees unless it is necessary to specify fractions
`of a degree where milliradians are used.
`
`*
`
`6. This revision has not expanded 5.13, Hazards and Safety, in any signficant way since the
`original intent of this subsection was to limit its coverage to what was most likely to be encountered
`during human engineering work and was moderately expanded only to accommodate requests by
`safety and health practitioners and review activities.
`
`7. Subsection 5.14 is intended to provide only basic criteria on user-computer interface;
`therefore, this revision has not updated 5.14 other than to correct errors. Moreover, when going
`beyond fundamental criteria, the need for flexibility outweighs benefits that might be gained by
`expanding 5.14 that would limit software design. This flexibility is provided by handbooks and style
`guides, such as the DoD Human Computer Interface Style Guide (Volume 8 of the Department of
`Defense Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management or TAFIM). When a
`national standard becomes available, it will be considered as a cited replacement, in whole or part,
`for 5.14.
`
`8. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data
`which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to Commander, U.S. Army
`Aviation and Missile Command, ATTN: AMSAM-RD-SE-TD-ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-
`5000 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426)
`appearing at the end of this document or by letter.
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`MIL-STD-1472F
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`5.4.2.2.5.3 Spinner handles. For applications where the wheel may be rotated rapidly through
`several revolutions, a spinner handle may be added, except where it is vulnerable to inadvertent
`displacement of a critical wheel setting or if it creates a safety hazard.
`
`5.4.2.2.5.4 Direction of movement. Except for valves (see 5.4.1.2.4), handwheels shall rotate
`clockwise for ON or INCREASE and counterclockwise for OFF or DECREASE. The direction of
`motion shall be indicated on the handwheel, or immediately adjacent thereto, by means of arrow and
`appropriate legends.
`
`5.4.2.2.5.5 Dimensions, resistance, displacement and separation. Control dimensions, resistance,
`displacement and separation between edges of adjacent handwheels shall conform to the criteria in
`Table IX.
`
`5.4.2.2.5.6 Steering wheel shape. All steering wheels shall be round, except for established uses
`in submarines, armored combat vehicles, aircraft, and other applications where maximum wheel
`deflection does not exceed 120°.
`
`5.4.2.2.5.7 Power steering failure. Steering systems shall provide sufficient mechanical
`advantage to meet the force requirements of Table IX, even when the primary operating mode is power
`assisted, i.e., the operator shall be able to steer the vehicle to a safe stop if power fails.
`
`5.4.2.2.5.8 Steering ratio. Maximum turning limits of vehicles shall be achieved with not more
`than 3.5 turns of the steering wheel if consistent with force limits of Table IX.
`
`5.4.3 Linear controls.
`
`5.4.3.1 Discrete linear controls.
`
`5.4.3.1.1 Push buttons (finger or hand operated).
`
`5.4.3.1.1.1 Use. Push buttons should be used when a control or an array of controls is needed for
`momentary contact or for actuating a locking circuit, particularly in high-frequency-of-use situations.
`Push buttons should not be used for discrete control where the functions status is determined
`exclusively by a position of the switch, e.g., an on-off push button that is pressed in and retained to
`turn a circuit on and pressed again to release the push button and turn the circuit off.
`
`5.4.3.1.1.2 Shape. The push button surface should be concave (indented) to fit the finger.
`When this is impractical, the surface shall provide a high degree of frictional resistance. Large, hand-
`or fist-operated, mushroom shaped buttons should be used only as EMERGENCY STOP controls.
`
`5.4.3.1.1.3 Positive indication. A positive indication of control activation shall be provided (e.g.,
`snap feel, audible click, or integral light).
`
`5.4.3.1.1.4 Channel or cover guard. A channel or cover guard shall be provided when accidental
`actuation of the control must be prevented. When a cover guard is in the open position, it shall not
`interfere with operation of the protected device or adjacent controls.
`
`5.4.3.1.1.5 Dimensions, resistance, displacement, and separation. Except for use of push buttons
`in keyboards, control dimensions, resistance, displacement, and separation between adjacent edges of
`finger or hand-operated push buttons shall conform to the criteria in Figure 12.
`
`5.4.3.1.1.6 Interlocks or barriers. Mechanical interlocks or barriers may be used instead of the
`spacing required by Figure 12.
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`MIL-STD-1472F
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`MIL-STD-1472F
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`Fingertip
`Bare
`Gloved
`hand
`hand
`10 mm
`19 mm
`(0.4”)
`(0.75”)
`25 mm
`—
`(1.0”)
`
`Bare
`hand
`19 mm
`(0.75”)
`25 mm
`(1.0”)
`
`DIMENSIONS (Diameter, D)
`Thumb
`Gloved
`hand
`25 mm
`(1.0”)
`—
`
`Palm
`Gloved
`hand
`50 mm
`(2.0”)
`—
`
`Bare
`hand
`40 mm
`(1.6”)
`70 mm
`(2.8”)
`
`RESISTANCE
`
`Single
`Finger
`2.8 N
`10 oz
`11 .0 N
`(40 oz)
`
`Different
`fingers1
`1.4 N
`(5 oz)
`5.6 N
`(20 oz)
`
`Thumb/
`Palm
`2.8 N
`(10 oz)
`23.0 N
`(80 oz)
`
`Fingertip
`2 mm (0.08”)
`6 mm (0.25”)
`
`DISPLACEMENT (A)
`
`Thumb or Palm
`3 mm (0.12”)
`38 mm (1.5”)
`
`Single Finger
`Sequential
`6 mm
`(0.25”)
`13 mm
`(0.5”)
`
`Thumb or Palm
`
`25 mm
`(1.0”)
`150 mm
`(6.0 “)
`
`MIN
`
`MAX
`
`MIN
`MAX
`
`MIN
`
`PREF
`
`Single Finger
`Bare
`Gloved
`13 mm
`25 mm
`(0.5”)
`(1.0”)
`50 mm
`—
`(2.0”)
`1Actuated at same time
`NOTE: Where gloved hand criteria are not provided, minima should be suitably adjusted.
`
`SEPARATION (S)
`Different Fingers
`
`6 mm
`(0.25”)
`13 mm
`(0.5”)
`
`FIGURE 12. Push button (finger or hand operated)
`
`5.4.3.1.2 Foot- operated switches.
`
`5.4.3.1.2.1 Use. Foot-operated switches should be used only where the operator is likely to have
`both hands occupied when switch actuation may be required, or when load sharing among
`limbs is desirable. Because foot-operated switches are susceptible to accidental actuation, their uses
`should be limited to non-critical or infrequent operations such as press-to-talk communication or
`vehicle headlight dimming.
`
`5.4.3.1.2.2 Operation. Foot switches shall be positioned for operation by the toe and the ball of
`the foot rather than by the heel. They shall not be located so near an obstruction that the operator
`cannot center the ball of the foot on the switch button. A pedal may be used over the button to aid in
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