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`Library of Congress Catalog Number 88—082198
`
`ISBN: 1—55937-000—9
`
`© Copyright 1988
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
`in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
`without the prior written permissiOn of the publisher.
`
`November 3, 1988
`
`,
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`SH1207O
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`Page 000002
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`side lobe level
`
`896
`
`signal
`
`originate in the sidelobes of the main antenna.
`
`13
`side lobe level (antennas). (1) Maximum relative. The
`maximum relative directivity of the highest side lobe
`with respect to the maximum directivity of the anten—
`na. (2) Relative. The maximum relative directivity of
`a side lobe with respect to the maximum directivity of
`an antenna, usually expressed in decibels.
`111
`Side lobe suppression (antennas). Any process, action
`or adjustment to reduce the level of the side lobes or
`to reduce the degradation of the intended antenna
`system performance resulting from the presence of
`side lobes.
`11 l
`side-lock. Spurious synchronization in an automatic
`frequency synchronizing system by a frequency com-
`ponent of the applied signal other than the intended
`component. See: television.
`178
`sidelooking radar (navigation aid terms). A ground
`mapping radar, used aboard aircraft, involving the use
`of a fixed antenna beam pointing out of the side of an
`aircraft either abeam or squinted with respect to the
`aircraft axis. The beam is usually a vertically-oriented
`fan beam having a narrow azimuth width. The narrow
`azimuth resolution can either be obtained with a long
`aperture mounted along the axis of the aircraft or by
`the use of synthetic aperture radar processing.
`
`526
`side marker lights (illuminating engineering). Lamps
`indicating the presence of a vehicle when seen from
`the front and sometimes serving to indicate its width.
`When seen from the side they may also indicate its
`length.
`167
`side panel (rotating machinery). A structure enclosing
`or partly enclosing one side of a machine.
`63
`sidereal (navigation aid terms). Of or pertaining to the
`_ stars.
`526
`sidereal period (communication satellite). The time
`duration of one orbit measured relative to the stars.
`74
`side thrust (skating force) (disk recording). The radial
`component of force on a pickup arm caused by the
`stylus drag. See: phonograph pickup.
`176
`sidetone (transmission performance of telephone
`sets). The acoustic output level of a telephone set due
`to an acoustic input to the same telephone set. The
`acoustic input may be varied either in frequency or
`level. The output is measured in an artificial ear and
`the input is measured at the calibration position of an
`artificial mouth. Note: Where the handset is mounted
`on a test fixture which includes the artificial mouth
`and artificial ear, the definition includes transmission
`through the handset proper; there may be also some
`vibration effect which is expected to be insignificant
`for handsets of modern design.
`491
`sidetone objective loudness rating (SOLR) Ooudness
`ratings of telephone connections).
`
`SE
`SOLR = .2010glo ——
`SM
`
`where
`SM
`
`SE
`
`= sound pressure at the mouth reference point
`(in pascals)
`2 sound pressure at the ear reference point (in
`pascals)
`409
`sidetone path loss (telephony). The difference in dB of
`the acoustic output level of the receiver of a given
`telephone set to the acoustic input level of the trans-
`mitter of the same telephone set.
`122
`sidetone telephone set. A telephone set that does not
`include a balancing network for the purpose of reduc-
`ing sidetone. See: telephone station.
`328
`sidewalk elevator. A freight elevator that operates be—
`tween a sidewalk or other area exterior to the building
`and floor levels inside the building below such area,
`that has no landing opening into the building at its
`upper limit of travel, and that is not used to carry
`automobiles. See: elevators.
`328
`side-wall pressure (NESC). The crushing force exerted
`on a cable during installation.
`494
`Siemens (metric practice). The electric conductance of
`a conductor in which a current of one ampere is pro-
`duced by an electric potential difference of one volt.
`21
`
`sievert (metric practice). The dose equivalent when the
`absorbed dose of ionizing radiation multiplied by the
`dimensionless factors Q (quality factor) and N (prod-
`uct of any other multiplying factors) stipulated by the
`International Commission on Radiological Protection
`is one joule per kilogram.
`21
`sigma (0-). The term sigma designates a group of tele-
`phone Wires, usually the majority or all wires of a line,
`that is treated as a unit in the computation of noise or
`in arranging connections to ground for the measure-
`ment of noise or current balance ratio. See: induction
`coordination.
`328
`sign (1) (National Electrical Code). See: electric sign
`256
`(2) (power or energy). Positive, if the actual direction
`of energy flow agrees with the stated or implied refer-
`, ence direction: negative, if the actual direction is op-
`posite to the reference direction. See: network analy-
`sis.
`2 10
`(3) (test, measurement and diagnostic equipment).
`The symbol which distinguishes positive from nega-
`tive numbers.
`54
`signal (1)(signals and paths)(microcomputer system
`bus). The physical representation of data.
`542
`(2)(signals and paths)(696 interface devices). The
`physical representation which conveys data from one
`point to another. For the purpose of ANSI/IEEE Std
`696-1983, this applies to digital electrical signals only.
`538
`(3) (data transmission). (A) A visual, audible or other
`indication used to convey information. (B) The intelli-
`gence, message or effect to be conveyed over a com-
`munication system. (C) A signal wave; the physical
`embodiment of a message.
`59
`(4)
`(overhead—power—line corona and radio noise).
`The intelligence, message, or effect to be conveyed
`over a communication system.
`411
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`

`signal, actuating
`
`897
`
`signal, error
`
`signal circuit (1). Any electric circuit that supplies
`energy to an appliance that gives a recognizable signal.
`Such circuits include circuits for door bells, buzzers,
`code—calling systems, signal lights. and the like. See:
`appliances.
`256
`(2) (protective relay system). Any circuit other than
`input voltage circuits, input current circuits, power
`supply circuits, or those circuits which directly or in-
`directly control power circuit breaker operation.
`
`90
`signal contrast (facsimile). The ratio expressed in deci—
`bels between white signal and black signal. See: fac-
`simile signal (picture signal).
`12
`signal converter (test, measurement and diagnostic
`equipment). A device for changing a signal from one
`form or value to another form or value.
`54
`
`signal current (diode-type camera tube). The change in
`target current which occurs when the target is ir-
`radiated with photons, or electrons, compared to the
`case where no radiation is incident on the target.
`380
`signal decay time (measuring the performance of tone
`address signaling systems). The time interval between
`the end of the signal present condition and the begin-
`ning of the signal off condition at the end of the signal
`under consideration.
`508
`signal delay. The transmission time of a signal through
`a network. The time is always finite, may be undesired,
`or may be purposely introduced. See: delay line; oscil-
`lograph.
`185
`signal, difference. See: differential signal.
`signal distance (computing systems). The number of
`digit positions in which the corresponding digits of
`two binary words of the same length are different. See:
`Hamming distance.
`55, 77
`signal distributing (telephone switching systems).
`Delivering of signals from a common control to other
`circuits.
`55
`signal duration (measuring the performance of tone
`address signaling systems). The time interval during
`which a signal present condition exists continuously.
`508
`signal electrode (camera tube). An electrode from
`which the signal output is obtained. Sec.- electrode
`(electron tube).
`178
`signal element (unit interval) (data transmission). The
`part of a signal that occupies the shortest interval of
`signaling code. It is considered to be of unit duration
`in building up signal combinations.
`59
`signal, error (1) (automatic control device) (general).
`A signal whose magnitude and sign are used to correct
`the alignment between the controlling and the con-
`trolled elements.
`328
`(2) (power supplies). The difference between the out-
`put voltage and a fixed reference voltage compared in
`ratio by the two resistors at the null junction of the
`comparison bridge. The error signal is amplified to
`drive the pass elements and correct the output.
`228, 186
`(3) (closed loop) (control system, feedback). The sig-
`
`Page 000004
`
`(5) (programmable instrumentation). The physical
`representation of information. Note: For the purpose
`of this standard, this is a restricted definition of what
`is often called “signal" in more general terms, and is
`hereinafter referred to digital electrical signals only.
`378
`(6) (computing systems). The event or phenomenon
`that conveys data from one point to another.
`
`255, 77
`(7) (control) (industrial control). Information about
`a variable that can be transmitted in a system.
`
`206
`(8) (telephone switching systems). An audible, visual
`or other indication of information.
`255
`(9) (circuits and systems). A phenomenon (visual,
`audible, or otherwise) used to convey information.
`The signal is often coded, such as a modulated wave-
`form, so that it requires decoding to be intelligible.
`67
`signal, actuating (control system, feedback). See: actu-
`ating signal.
`signal aspect. The appearance of a fixed signal convey-
`' ing an indication as viewed from the direction of an
`approaching train: the appearance of a cab signal con-
`veying an indication as viewed by an observer in the
`cab.
`328
`signal back light. A light showing through a small
`opening in the back of an electrically lighted signal,
`used for checking the operation of the signal lamp.
`328
`signal charge (ferroelectric device). The charge that
`flows when the condition of the device is changed
`from that of zero applied voltage (after having previ-
`ously been saturated witheither a positive or negative
`voltage) to at least that voltage necessary to saturate
`in the reverse sense. Note: The signal charge Q5 equals
`the sum of Q, and Q" as illustrated in the accompa-
`nying figure. It is dependent on the magnitude of the
`applied voltage, which should be specified in describ-
`ing this characteristic of ferroelectric devices. See:
`ferroelectric domain.
`247
`
`
`
` D
`
`Hysteresis loop for a ferroclcctric device
`
`