#1 SELLING TELECOMMUNICATIONS DICTIONARY
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`THE OFFICIAL GLOSSARY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`ACRONYMS, TERMS AND JARGON
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`NEWTON"S TELECOM DICTIONARY _
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`Published by Telecom Library inc’.
`Telecom Library publishes books and magazine and runs seminars on telephones,
`telecommunications,
`local area networks, PC data processing, desktop office
`automation, data communications and sales automation software. and hardware.
`it
`also distributes the books of other publishers, making it the “central source” for all
`the above materials. Call or write for your FREE catalog.
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`Other Books by Telecom Library
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`Newton’s Telecom Dictionary
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`The TELECOM LIBRARY Guide to
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`Negotiating Telecommunications Contracts
`Buying Short Haul Microwave
`The Perfect RFP
`The inbound Telephone Call Center
`Using Satellite Communications
`The TELECONNECT Guide to
`Automatic Cali Distributors
`The Business of interconnect
`How to Sell Call Accounting Systems
`Professional Selling
`and...
`101 Money-Saving Secrets Your Phone Company Won't Tell You
`082 LANs
`Profit and Control Through Call Accounting
`Telecommunications Management for Business and Government
`The Perfect Proposal
`Which Phone System Should i Buy?
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`Quantity Purchases
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`Copyright 1990© Telecom Library inc. All rights reserved. this book was designed and
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`produced by Randi Ripiey, Telecom Library. Printed in USA at BookCrafters, Chelsea, Mi
`ISBN 0-936648-27-9
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`Page000002
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`M DICTIONARY
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`)ne—way mass calling serviCQ th
`Direct Inward Dialing. You can dial inside a company directly without
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`to reach you from anywhere acro
`9 through the attendant. This feature used to be an exclusive feature of
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`, the caller pays the 900 charg
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`trex but it can now be provided by virtually all modern PBXs and some
`to, with a lesser charge for Ba
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`ern hybrids.
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`e is a great way to involve yo-
`LECTRIC Any insulating medium which intervenes between two
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`i Premium Billing lets you selec
`ductors and permits electostatic attraction and repulsion to take place
`The long distance carriers (thmu
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`55 it. A material having the property that energy required to establish an
`ies) handle the billing. Y0u, t
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`‘éctric field is recoverable in whole or in part, as electric energy.
`5 with the long distance provid
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`LECTRIC CONSTANT The ratio of the capacitance of an insulated
`Jrrently available from a grow;
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`with that of the same wire uninsulated in air.
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`EIELECTRIC STRENGTH The voltage which an insulation can withstand
`3n telephone to create a telepho
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`re breakdown occurs. Usually expressed as a voltage gradient (such as
`led by time of day, duration of c
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`5 per mil.).
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`ELECTRIC TEST A test in which a voltage higher than the rated voltage
`is part of the switched nationwi
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`__ pplied for a specified time to determine the adequacy of the insulation
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`Area Network
`rider normal conditions.
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`LIFFEREN'I'IAL MODULATION Type of modulation in which the
`Also called a Pen Register.
` O“
`‘solute state of the carrier for the current signal element is dependent on
`oulses as inked dashes on pap
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`"9 state after the previous signal element.
`the same thing for a touch—to
`IFFERENTIAL PHASE-SHIFT KEYING DPSK. A modulation
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`chnique in which the relative changes of the carrier signal‘s phase are
`lippany, NJ, is one of the leadi
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`oded according to the data to be transmitted. See PHASE SHIFT KEYlNG.
`sing equipment and software. Th
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`Iers, dealers and distributors. Ma
`IGIPATH A New York Telephone service, Digipath Digital Service
`rovides two-point and multi-point duplex, or two—way, private data
`iic components by doing their 0
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`ommunications at a synchronous data rate of 2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 56 Kbps.
`ing Dialogic products to particul
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`IGIPATI-I OPTION: SECONDARY CHANNEL CAPABILITY An
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`ptional feature for New York Telephone's 56 Kbps Digipath service.
`It
`hich vibrates in response to sou
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`lows customers a second channel at 2.6 Kbps, independent of the primary
`)nse to electrical signals (as in
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`hannel. Customers usually use this ”extra" channel for diagnosing the line;
`lSet).
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`rrunning network management over the same line; or to transmit a
`represented by a single change
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`econd, lower speed data stream through the same line.
`in phase modulation, one of to
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`IGI'I' Any whole number from O to 9.
`:0 represent 00, 01, 10 or 11.
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`IGIT DELETION It’s nice to make it easy for people to dial their desired
`IOL A telephone system fealu
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`umbers. Part of making it "nice" is to keep their pattern of dialing
`shine and use that machine (givr
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`onsistent. The charm of our ten-digit numbering system in North America
`in his office. Typically, the material
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`the three digit area code and seven digit local number -— is its
`fby one or several typists of
`"
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`onsistency, making for easy use and easy remembering. Some corporate
`3 letters, reports, legal briefs, et
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`etworks, however, don’t use a common numbering scheme. They might
`y the dictation equipment. Newer
`se tie trunks to get to Chicago, and insist on the user dialing 69, instead of
`i. a specialized application of voice
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`
`"
`:ESSING.
`6 more common 312 area code. They might insist on the user dialing 78
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`hen he wants to go to Los Angeles. But if he wants to reach the LA office,
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`which receives messages dictated?
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`_ e might dial 235. This can be awfully confusing. So some switches —
`contains tape which can then be“:
`”central office and PBXs — have the ability to insert or delete digits. That is,
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`See DlCTATION ACCESS AN
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`ey will recognize the number dialed and change it as it progresses through
`e network. The user, however, knows nothing of this. He simply dials a
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`VARY
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`)n telex machines, 0,
`tchines as telex data 3|] bits of a character are sent simultaneously as opposed to serial
`(ransmission where the bits are sent one after another. 2. Method of
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`achieving higher system reliability through use of completely redundant
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`iCh holes in a roll of
`transmission facilities.
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`pARAMETERS The record in a stored program control central office’s data
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`3 the holes in coded
`base that specifies equipment and software and options and addresses of
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`thher handling. The
`peripheral equipment for use in call processing.
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`1y be a free standing
`pARASI'I'E A radio tap that takes its power from the phone line.
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`ignal into one narrow
`Iic, not spherical.
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`dish antenna shaped
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` s chosen so that either the total number of one bits is always even it Even
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`i take more than One-
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`parity error correction is to be obeyed or always Odd it odd Parity error
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`correction is chosen. Here’s an explanation (better, but longer) from The
`arallel circuitry. Every
`
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`Black Box Corporation in Pittsburgh:
`rcuit-breaker. So, if a
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`ievices on that circuit
`Many asynchronous systems append a parity bit following the data bits for
`
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`9 lights is strung in 3
`rror detection. Parity bits trap errors in the following way. When the
`st will also. See also
`
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`ransmitting device frames a character, it counts either the number of Us or
`s in the data bits and appends a parity bit that corresponds to whether or
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`
`
`)le wires at one tim
`of the count in the data bits was even or odd. The receiving end also
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`
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`iCh bit of an eight—bit
`cunts the data bit Us or 1s as it receives them and then compares the
`
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`her device, usually a“
`amputation to the parity bit.
`if an error is detected, a flag can be set and
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`parallel is very fast, ‘_
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`etransmission may be requested. When even parity is chosen, the parity bit
`
`
`8 set at 0 if the number of 1’s in the data bits is even and it is set at 1
`if the
`ally under 500 feet)
`
`
`contrast, the other
`umber of ts is odd. Conversely, odd parity sets the parity bit at 1
`if the
`
`ion, takes place over:
`umber of is in the data bits is even, and it is set at 0 if the number of is is
`
`
`’ansmission, but can
`dd. Other parity selections include mark, space or off. Mark parity always
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`phone lines. Parallel"
`ets parity at 1. Space parity always sets parity at 0, and “off" tells the
`
`e SERIAL DATA and
`ystem to ignore the parity bit.
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`ARI'I‘Y BIT A binary bit appended to an array of bits to make the sum of
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`cing peripherals t
`lithe bits always odd or always even. See PARITY and ASCII. See
`
`ARITY.
`
`-C serial interfacing.
`‘
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`:ed on the rear of a;
`ARI'I'Y CHECK A method of error—detection in binary data transmission
`
`iarallel transmission
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`hereby an extra bit is added to each group of bits (usually a character of
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`ata).
`If parity is to be odd, then the extra or parity bit is assigned either a
`tiled the Centronic -y
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`ne or zero so the total number of ones in the character will be odd.
`if the
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`arity is even, the parity bit is assigned a value so that the total number of
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`nes in the character is even. This way errors can be detected. See
`which the compute
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`ARITY.
`al tasks at once.
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`two or more task
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`ARK 1. A telephone system feature that (like many features) may mean
`concurrently activ
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`ifferent things depending on who created it. One definition of “park” is that I
`ing different networ
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`al another extension and park the call at that extension.
`It doesn’t ring.
`1 parameters.
`
`hen i go over to that extension and pick up the phone and Hi be speaking
`ion transfer in whic
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`ith whoever I parked over there. This feature is useful if
`I have to go to
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`phase with the incoming frequency.
`
`PHASE MODULATION One of three ways to change a sine wave (0r
`signal) to let it carry information.
`In this case. the phase of the sine wave
`changed as the information to be carried is changed. See PHASE SH”:
`KEYING and MODULATION.
`
`PHASE SHIFT A change in the time or amplitude that a signal is delaye
`with respect to a reference signal
`
`PHASE SHIFT KEYING Used for transmitting digital signals over ana|o
`phone lines. Some modems use phase shift keying. Picture a sine way
`The sine wave is the carrier. We want to place a digital signal on it We wet
`the signal to change in some way to reflect the presence of a “I” or Ih
`absence of a one, i.e. a zero. In phase shift keying, we simply change In
`phase of the signal. See the diagrams in the APPENDIX.
`
`PHASING The process of ensuring that both sending and receivin
`facsimile machines start at the same position on a page.
`PHASOR Temporary buffer storage that compensates for slight differenCe
`in data rate between TDM I/O ports and devices.
`PHI Northern Telecom term for Packet Handler Interface or PBX-to-Ho'
`Interface.
`
`PHONE PHREAKS Communication hobbyists. People, usually kids, wh
`like to figure out how the telephone network works and sometimes mak
`free calls on the network by figuring a way to bypass billing mechanism
`Phone Phreaks have become Computer Phreaks with the boom ‘
`microcomputers and the advent of out-of-band signaling, making it al
`more difficult to make long distance calls for free.
`
`
`
`1 P
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`PHONEMAII. A Rolm term for Voice Mail. Rolm‘s PhoneMail is a voic
`messaging system that provides telephone answering (with the user’s ow
`greeting), the capability to store and forward voice messages and th
`capability to turn on a message waiting light or message on the recipie
`phone. PhoneMail can be used positively to speed the flow of intormatio
`can also be used negatively to allow the user to “hide behind” the systef
`and avoid the outside world and anyone in the outside world who mig
`actually want to buy something. See also VOICE MAIL.
`PHOSPHOR Substance which glows when struck by electrons. The bar:
`of a picture tube face is coated with phosphor.
`
`PHOTOCONDUCTOR Any transducer that produces a current thc
`varies in accordance with the incident light energy. A fiber cpli
`communications term.
`
`PHOTODETECTOR In a lightwave system, a device which turns pulse
`light Into bursts of electricity.
`
`PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT The emission of electrons by a material w
`it is exposed to light. Albert Einstein received a Nobel Prize for explai
`this phenomenon. Amazingly, he never received one for his brilliant theo
`of relativity.
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