`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 1
`
`

`

`
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -— 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`UO4'.03—-dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`123456789 MLML 432109
`
`Distributed in Canada by ITP Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through bookseilers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about internationai editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`Intemationai directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspressmicrosoftcom.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, Quick’i‘ime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, Directinput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual I++. WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any reat company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`
`
`...._....._,._u_.___..,.__.___—_”..Mmama—WWW...
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 2
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 2
`
`

`

`ge, tape cartridge,
`
`carrier system it. A communicat
`ions method th
`different carrier frequencies to
`transfer informa
`along multiple channels of a si
`ngle path. Transini
`sion involves modulating the 3
`ignal on each fre- '
`quency at the originating station and demodulatrn
`the signal at the receiving station.
`carry :1. In arithmetic, the process of moving a dig
`to the next higher position when the sum of two -
`numbers is greater than the largest digit in the num
`ber system being used. Computers. based 0
`n logic
`w0 nurn
`circuits, and often able to add all digits in t
`bers simultaneously (do parallel addition),
`perform
`carries in several exotic ways. For example, they per
`form complete carries, in which one carry is allowed
`to propagate—that is, to generate other carries in
`other digit positions. They can also perform partial
`carries, in which carries resulting from parallel addi-
`tion are stored temporarily.
`carry bit it. The bit, aSsociated with an adder circuit,
`that indicates that an addition operation has produced
`a carry (as in 9 + 7). Also called carry flag.
`carry flag :2. See carry bit.
`Cartesian coordinates a. Points on a plane (two di-
`mensions) or in space (three dimensions) that are
`located by their positions in relation to intersecting
`axes; named after the French mathematician René
`Descartes, who introduced the system in the seven-
`teenth century. In two dimensions, points are de-
`scribed by their positions in relation to the two
`familiar axes, x (usually horizontal) and y (usually
`vertical). In three dimensions, a third axis, 2, is added
`to the x— and y—axes. See the illustration. See also x-y-
`z coordinate system. Compare polar coordinates.
`Cartesian product It. See product (definition 1).
`cartridge :1. Any of various container devices that
`usually consist of some form of plastic housing. See
`also disk cartridge, ink cartridge, memory cartridge,
`ribbon cartridge, ROM cartrid
`toner cartridge.
`
`or hertz (Hz), and is modulated (changed) in eith
`frequency or amplitude to enable it to carry intel
`gible information.
`
`carrier sense multiple access with collision
`detection it. See CSMA/CD.
`
`1.15
`
`-
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 3
`
`carpal tunnel syndrome a. A form of repetitive strain
`injury to the wrist and hand. Making the same small
`motions over and over can cause swelling and scarring
`of the soft tissue of the wrist, which then compresses
`the main nerve leading to the hand. Symptoms of
`carpal tunnel syndrome include pain and tingling in
`the fingers, and in advanced cases, carpal tunnel syn~
`drome can lead to loss of functionality of the hands.
`Typing at a computer keyboard without proper wrist
`support is a common cause of carpal tunnel syn-
`drome. Acronym: CTS. See also repetitive strain in-
`jury, wrist support.
`carriage n. The assembly that holds the platen of a
`typewriter or a typewriterlike printer. On a standard
`typewriter, the platen and carriage move past a fixed
`position within the typewriter housing, where the
`keys strike the pape ; the platen rotates to advance
`the paper held in the carriage. On most impact print-
`ers for computers, however, the print head moves
`back and forth across a platen, which rotates but does
`not move horizontally; in such machines, the assem-
`bly that carries the print head is often called the
`print-head carriage assembly. See also carriage re-
`turn, platen.
`
`carriage return it. A control character that tells a
`computer or printer to return to the beginning of the
`current line. A carriage return is similar to the return
`on a typewriter but does not automatically advance to
`the beginning of a new line. For example, a carriage-
`return character alone, received at the end of the
`words This is a sample line of text
`would cause the cursor or printer to return to the first
`letter of the word This. In the ASCII character set,
`the carriage-return character has the decimal value of
`13 (hexadecimal 0D). See the illustration.
`
`Carriage return
`
`Carriage return.
`
`carrier 12. 1. in communications, a specified fre-
`quency that can be modulated to convey information.
`2. A company that provides telephone and other com-
`munications services to consumers.
`Carrier Detect it. See CD (definition 2).
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 3
`
`

`

` press and uncompress audio or video data. See also
`
`
`
`sense are often loaded into memory as memory seg- ‘
`
`ments. The main program segment is kept in
`
`memory, and auxiliary segments are loaded only
`
`when they are required.
`
`tart n. See c
`code snippet n. 1. In a graphical user interface, pro-
`
`gramming instructions embedded in a menu option or
`borative filter
`
`button defined by the user. The snippet—consisting
`tron from the c
`
`of one or more lines of source code——determines
`_ of people. Thl
`
`what the option or button does when chosen or
`rox PARC, wh
`-_ users to annot
`clicked on. 2. A small piece of programming code
`
`
`that is part of a larger program. Usually the code
`to choose wh
`
`snippet performs a specific function or task.
`Only on their
`
`etc about them
`coding form n. A sheet of paper ruled with horizontal
`
`and vertical lines to aid in writing source code for
`es of interest l
`
`older languages that have position-dependent syntax
`(such as FORTRAN). Most programmers now use
`
`the experienci
`
`
`
`compressz, uncompress. 3. Hardware that combines
`the functions of definitions 1 and 2.
`
`code conversion 72. 1. The process of translating pro-
`gram instructions from one form into another. Code
`may be converted at the source—language level (for
`example, from C to Pascal), at the hardware-platform
`level (for example, from working on the IBM PC to
`working on the Apple Macintosh), or at the language
`level (for example, from source code in C to machine
`code). See also codel (definition 1). 2. The process of
`transforming data from one representation to another,
`such as from ASCII to EBCDIC or from two’s
`complement to binaryacoded decimal.
`
`Code Division Multiple Access n. A form of multi-
`plexing in which the transmitter encodes the signal,
`using a pseudo-random sequence that the receiver
`also knows and can use to decode the received signal.
`Each different random sequence corresponds to a
`different communication channel. Motorola uses
`Code Division Multiple Access for digital cellular
`phones. Acronym: CDMA. Also called spread spec-
`trum. See also multiplexing, transmitter.
`
`code page a. In MS—DOS versions 3.3 and later, a
`table that relates the binary character codes used by a
`program to keys on the keyboard or to the appear—
`ance of characters on the display. Code pages are a
`means of providing support for character sets and
`keyboard layouts used in different countries. Devices
`such as the display and the keyboard can be config—
`ured to use a specific code page and to switch from
`one code page (such as United States) to another
`(such as Portugal) at the user’s request.
`
`code profiler n. A tool designed to aid developers in
`identifying and eliminating the code inefficiencies
`that cause bottlenecks and degrade performance in
`their applications. Code profilers analyze an execut—
`ing application to determine both how long functions
`take to execute and how often they are called. Using
`a code profiler is a repetitive process in that the tool
`must be reused after each section of inefficient code
`has been found and corrected.
`
`coder n. See programmer.
`
`code segment n. 1. A memory segment containing
`program instructions. 2. A named and segregated
`portion of a program’s code typically performing a
`specific class of operations. Code segments in this
`
`graph paper if they use paper at all.
`
`
`coercion n. See cast.
`
`coherence n. 1. In raster—scan technology, the assign-
`ment of the value of one pixel to the pixel next to it.
`2. In optics, the property of some electromagnetic
`waves of being in phase with one another, as in light
`from a laser.
`
`cold boot n. A startup process that begins with turning
`on the computer’s power. Typically, a cold boot in-
`volves some basic hardware checking by the system,
`after which the operating system is loaded from disk
`into memory. See also boot‘. Compare warm boot.
`
`cold fault n. A fatal error that occurs immediately
`upon or shortly after startup as a result of the mis—
`alignment of components in the system. The process
`of running and shutting down any computer induces
`a series of thermal expansions and contractions in its
`internal components. Over time, these changes in the
`dimensions of components can create a microscopic
`crack in a chip or loosen a pin in a socket; thus, the
`system crashes when cold, but the problem seems to
`disappear after the machine is warm. For this reason
`some users leave the system unit (but not the moni-
`tor) of a computer running from day to day, rather
`than turning the machine on only when needed.
`
`cold link n. A link established upon a request for data.
`Once the request is filled, the link is broken. The
`next time data is required, a link from the client to
`the server must be reestablished. In a client/server
`architecture cold links are useful when the linked
`
`item consists of a large amount of data. Dynamic
`
`:‘taken from the cc
`emitter, the collel
`
`and negative in a
`sister, PNP transi
`
`emitter.
`
`Ollision n. The re
`Workstations tryii
`
`same time on the
`is a garbled trans
`
`ollision detection
`
`on a local area n6
`
`
`92
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 4
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 4
`
`

`

`
`
`z uniqvéldefiil
`
`
`address hardwired on the host computer’s LAN inter-
`ages on the Internet
`olors, including a -
`face card. These identifiers are generated by a utility
`
`ile depends on the ,
`program. Acronym: GUID.
`
`1e LZW compres— _
`.global operation It. An operation, such as a search
`
`file size still furthe;
`and replace, that affects an entire document, pro—
`graphics. 2. A
`
`gram, or other object such as a disk.
`format.
`
`global search and replace a. A search-and-replace
`illion (1,000 mil-
`
`operation that finds and changes all instances of the
`:4 x 1,048,576 (23“)
`selected string throughout a document. See also
`
`gabyte, gigaflOPS. _'
`search and replace.
`
`lobal System for Mobile Communications n. A
`
`digital cellular telephone technology widely used
`
`liroughout Europe, in Australia, India, Africa, Asia,
`
`and the Middle East, and growing in use in the
`
`had States. Originating in 1982 with a European
`
`dy group called the Groupe Speciale Mobile,
`
`GSM is a wireless platform based on TDMA (Time
`
`ivision Multiple Access) to digitize data; its fea-
`ures include not only telephony but also voice mail,
`
`Ii forwarding, fax, caller ID, Internet access, and
`'«mail. GSM operates at three frequency ranges: 900
`
`
`
`
`iting performanc-
`ing-point operation
`
`lee also floatingi
`
`
`1ndard dubbed
`
`>13.
`
`:ment of data
`in multiples of
`m: Gbps.
`
`1,024 x 1,048,57
`:gabytes (1,000 x
`
`
`viation for GHz.
`on (1,000 million
`
` ribs and applications. Acronym. GUID. See also
`lobally unique identifier.
`
`
`.e out.
`tion system.
`
`bal'variable n. A variable whose value can be ac-
`
`sed and modified by any statement in a program,
`erely within a single routine in which it is de-
`
`d;'See also global. Compare local variable.
`11. See giant magnetoresistive head.
`on \no’mom n. In computer graphics, a represen-
`
`of the three-dimensional (x-y—z) axis system.
`
`U \ndb\ n. Acronym for GNU’s Not UNIX. A col-
`
`ion of software based on the UNJX operating
`
`cm maintained by the Free Software Foundation.
`
`is distributed under the GNU General Public
`
`Se, which requires that anyone who distributes
`[Ior a program based on GNU may charge only
`
`code that identifi
`tribution and support and must allow the user
`
`,1 computers and.
`dify and redistribute the code on the same
`
`1ique because it 'c
`
`so also Free Software Foundation, General
`based on the ne
`icense. Compare Linux.
`
`205
`
`Godwin’s Law a. An observation originally pro-
`pounded by Internet activist Michael Godwin that is
`usually stated along the lines of, “As an online dis-
`cussion grows longer, the probability of a compari»
`son involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one.” When
`a participant in an online discussion resorts to invok-
`ing a comparison to Nazis or Hitler, other partici-
`pants are likely to cite Godwin’s Law as a means of
`saying that the person has lost the argument and the
`discussion has continued too long.
`
`Good Times virus 24. A purported e-mail virus alluded
`to in a warning that has been propagated widely
`across the Internet, as well as by fax and standard
`mail. The letter claims that reading an e-mail mes—
`sage with the subject ”Good Times” will cause dam-
`age to the user’s system. In fact, it is currently
`impossible to harm a system by reading an e-mail
`message, although it is possible to include a virus in
`a file that is attached to an e-mail message. Some
`consider the chain letter itself to be the “virus” that
`wastes Internet bandwidth and the reader’s time. In-
`formation on such hoaxes and on real viruses can be
`obtained from CERT (http://www.cert.org/). See also
`urban legend, virus.
`
`Gopher or gopher n. An Internet utility for finding
`textual information and presenting it to the user in
`the form of hierarchical menus, from which the user
`selects submenus or files that can be downloaded and
`displayed. One Gopher client may access all avail-
`able Gopher servers, so the user accesses a common
`“Gopherspace.” The name of the program is a three-
`way pun: it is designed to go for desired information;
`it tunnels through the Internet and digs the informa—
`tion up; and it was developed at the University of
`Minnesota (whose athletic teams are named the
`
`Golden Gophers). Gopher is being subsumed by the
`World Wide Web.
`
`Gopher server 11. The software that provides menus
`and files to a Gopher user. See also Gopher.
`Gopher site :1. A computer on the internet on which a
`Gopher server runs. See also Gopher, Gopher server.
`Gopherspace n. The total set of information on the
`Internet that is accessible as menus and documents
`through Gopher. See also Gopher.
`
`GOSIP \gos’ip\ n. Acronym for Government Open
`Systems Interconnection Profile. A U.S. government
`requirement that all of its new network purchases
`comply with the 180/081 standards. GOSIP went
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 5
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 5
`
`

`

`
`
`fin-Ob“? ...0lllp-Ullllg- .
`
` tocoi used for modern connections over analog cellu-
`lar telephone connections. The most recent version of
`MNPlO is MNP IOEC (EC stands for Enhanced Cel-
`lular). See also communications protocol.
`
`mobile computing a. The process of using a com—
`puter while traveling. Mobile computing usually re-
`quires a portable computer that is battery powered,
`rather than a desktop system.
`
`mode a. The operational state of a computer or a pro«
`gram, For example, edit mode is the state in which a
`program accepts changes to a file. See also address
`mode, compatibility mode, safe mode, video mode,
`virtual real mode.
`
`modec \rno’dek\ n. In telecommunications, a device
`
`that generates analog modern signals digitally. The
`term modes is a combination of the terms modem and
`codec. See also codec (definition 1), modem.
`
`model :1. A mathematical or graphical representation
`of a real—world situation or object—for example, a
`mathematical model of the distribution of matter in
`the universe, a spreadsheet (numeric) model of busi-
`ness operations, or a graphical model of a molecule.
`Models can generally be changed or manipulated so
`that their creators can see how the real version might
`be affected by modifications or varying conditions.
`See also modeling, simulation.
`
`modeling n. 1. The use of computers to describe the
`behavior of a system. Spreadsheet programs, for ex-
`ample, can be used to manipulate financial data, rep-
`resenting the health and activity of a company; to
`develop business plans and projections; or to evaluate
`the impact of proposed changes on the company’s
`operations and financial status. See also simulation,
`spreadsheet program. 2. The use of computers to de-
`scribe physical objects and the spatial relationships
`among them mathematically. CAD programs, for
`example, are used to create on—screen representations
`of such physical objects as tools, office buildings,
`complex molecules, and automobiles. These models
`use equations to create lines, curves, and other
`shapes and to place those shapes accurately in rela-
`tion to each other and to the two—dimensional or
`three-dimensional space in which they are drawn.
`See also CAD, rendering, solid model, surface mod-
`eling, three-dimensional model, two—dimensional
`model, wire-frame model.
`modem n. Short for modulator/demodulator. A com-
`munications device that enables a computer to trans-
`
`
`
`la
`
`iiiil
`
`mit information over a standard telephone line. Be-
`
`moderator n. in sor
`'ng lists, a person t
`cause a computer is digital (works with discrete elec—
`
`filtered before they
`trical signals representing binary l and binary 0) and a
`
`lie newsgroup or 1
`telephone line is analog (carries a signal that can have
`
`ts any messages ti
`any of a large number of variations), modems are
`
`needed to convert digital to analog and vice versa.
`See also mailing 1i:
`
`When transmitting, modems impose (modulate) a
`modified frequency
`
`I viated MFM encod
`computer’s digital signals onto a continuous carrier
`
`data on disks. MFlt
`frequency on the telephone line. When receiving, Ino- _
`
`'
`dems sift out (demodulate) the information from the
`technique called frt
`
`carrier and transfer it in digital form to the computer.
`mproves on its eff:
`Sophisticated modems are also capable of such func—_
`ynchronizing info:
`tions as automatic dialing, answering, and redialing in-
`
`netic coding of one
`addition to transmitting and receiving. Without appro:
`usly recorded bit.
`
`ormation on a di
`'
`priate communications software, however, modems
`cannot perform any useful work. See also baud rate.
`
`ion encoding. it is
`aver as the technit
`
`modem bank :1. A collection of modems connected to
`
`a server maintained by an ISP or the operator of a
`__ncoding, or RLL.
`
`BBS or remote-access LAN. Most modern banks are}
`needing, run-lengl
`
`configured to allow a remote user to dial a single
`
`phone number that routes calls to an available phone"
`
`number on the bank. See also BBS (definition 1),
`
`ISP, LAN.
`
`modem eliminator n. A device that enables two com
`
`puters to communicate without modems. See also --
`
`null modern.
`
`modem port a. A serial port used for connecting an;
`external modem to a personal computer. See also
`modem, serial port.
`
`
`
`modem ready in. See MR.
`
`moderated calf. Subjected to review by a moderated
`
`who may remove irrelevant or inflammatory artichS;
`
`or messages before redistributing them through a
`._
`_
`.
`.
`_
`inphasis on moduli
`
`newsgroup, mailing llst, 01' other messaging system
`ata abstraction,
`
`moderated discussion :1. Communication taking
`
`place on a mailing list, newsgr0up, or other onlin
`
`forum that is edited by a moderator. When one 511
`
`mits a message to a moderated discussion, the mod
`
`erator decides if the message is relevant to the
`_
`
`discussion topic. If so, it is forwarded to the disc“
`
`sion group. The content of a moderated discussio
`
`often perceived as more valuable than that of an _
`_
`
`unmoderated one because the information has been
`
`read and approved by a “gatekeeper,” who has (P,
`
`mists having sin
`sumably) filtered out irrelevant submissions. 509‘"-
`“3 0r example,
`
`moderators also filter submissions for obscene 0“
`
`pornographic material or material that is potentla,
`__
`offensive. See also mailing list, moderator, newsg
`
`
`294
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 6
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 6
`
`

`

`. mastsisgj'
`
`alone unit that can work with other sections of the
`program, the same module might be able to perform
`the same task in another program as well, thus saving
`time in development and testing.
`modular jack 1:. See phone connector.
`modular programmin
`g n. An approach to program-
`ming in which the program is broken into several
`independently compiled modules. Each module ex-
`ports specified elements (constants, data types, vari-
`ables, functions, procedures); all other elements
`remain private to the module. Other modules can use
`only the exported elements. Modules clarify and
`regularize the interfaces among the major parts of a
`program. Thus, they facilitate group programming
`efforts and promote reliable programming practices.
`Modular programming is a precursor of object-
`oriented programming. See also module (definition
`1), object-oriented programming.
`modular software a. A program created from mul-
`tiple standalone software components. Modular com-
`ponents can work together to perform the work for
`which the larger program is designed while still re-
`maining individually usable—and reusable—in other
`programs. Modular software is, in effect, made up of
`recyclable parts. Because each component is func-
`tionally autonomous and self-contained, other com-
`ponents can call on its services without having to
`“know” how it works. Thus, a programmer can
`change or modify the way one component performs
`its work without adversely affecting other compo-
`nents in the same program. See also component soft—
`ware, modular design, integrated software.
`modulate vb. To change some as
`tentionaily, usually for the
`information.
`
`pact of a signal in—
`purpose of transmitting
`
`oderated' d.i5:6iié....i°
`
`
`
`lgderator n. In some Internet newsgroups and mail-
`ing lists, a person through whom all messages are
`filtered before they are distributed to the members of
`
`the newsgroup or list. The moderator discards or ed-
`.s a Signal that can .-
`
`dons): modems are
`any messages that are not considered appropriate.
`
`Sée also mailing list, newsgroup.
`
`odified frequency modulation encoding a. Abbre~
`
`3, a continuous cam
`:ted MFM encoding. An older method of storing
`
`me. When race“???
`data on disks. MFM encoding is based on an earlier
`
`
`
`needing. It is not, however, as efficient a space
`as the technique known as run-length limited
`
`g, or RLL. Compare frequency modulation
`
`g, run-length limited encoding.
`
`
`key :1. A key on the keyboard that, when
`
`own while another key is pressed, changes the
`
`I'of the keystroke. See also Alt key, Com-
`
`y; Control key, Shift key.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`o-lo-too’, mo‘dyo-leJ. n. A modular
`
`in uage designed in 1980 by Niklaus
`
`d from Pascal, Modula-2 is noted for its
`
`odular programming, its early support
`
`
`traction, and its lack of standard functions
`
`'See also modular programming.
`
`. An approach to designing hard-
`
`_In modular design, a project is bro—
`
`l'c'r-‘units, or modules, each of which can
`
`ed, and finished independently be—
`
`it with the others in the final
`
`nitiis designed to perform a particular
`
`_d can thus become part of a “ii-
`
`'_that can often be reused in other
`
`milar requirements. In program-
`
`ne module might consist of in-
`' the cursor in a window on the
`[deliberately designed as a stand-
`
`
`
`295
`
`the constants, data types, variables, and routines that
`
`modulation n. 1. The process of changing or regulat-
`ing the characteristics of a carrier wave vibrating at a
`certain amplitude (height) and frequency (timing) so
`that the variations represent meaningful information.
`2. In computer communications, the means by
`which a modem converts digital information sent
`by a computer to the audio form that it sends over
`a telephone line.
`
`module a. 1. In programming,
`a collection of routines
`and data structures that performs a particular task or
`implements a particular abstract data type. Modules
`usually consist of two parts: an interface, which lists
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 7
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 7
`
`

`

`multiple-document interface 11. See MDI.
`
`multiple inheritance n. A feature of some object-
`oriented programming languages that allows a new
`class to be derived from several existing classes. Mul-
`tiple inheritance both extends and combines existing
`types. Acronym: Ml. See also class, inherit, type.
`
`multiple instruction, multiple data streams a. See
`MlMD.
`
`multiple-pass printing n. A form of dot-matrix print-
`ing in which the print head makes more than one
`pass across the page for each printed line, printing
`each line a second time exactly on top of the first
`pass. Multiple-pass printing can be used with dot—
`matrix printers to darken the print and smooth out
`errors in alignment. On better printers, a second pass
`might occur after the paper is moved up slightly, so
`that the dots in the characters overlap to create a
`crisper, darker image.
`
`multiple recipients n. 1. The capability of sending
`e-mail to more than one user at a time by listing
`more than one e—mail address on a line. Delimiters
`such as commas or semicolons are used to separate
`the e-mail addresses. See also e-rnaill (definition 1),
`mailing list. 2. The subscribers on a mailing list. A
`message sent to the list is addressed to the “multiple
`recipients of” the list.
`
`multiple regression n. A statistical technique that
`seeks to describe the behavior of a so—called “depen-
`dent” variable in terms of the observed behavior of
`numerous other, “independent” variables thought to
`affect it. For each independent variable, a regression
`analysis can determine the correlation coefficient of
`the independent variable—that is, the degree to
`which variations in the independent variable cause
`changes in the dependent variable. See also depen—
`dent variable.
`
`multiple-user system H. See multiuser system.
`
`multiplexer n. A device for funneling several differ-
`ent streams of data over a common communications
`
`line. Multiplexers are used either to attach many
`communications lines to a smaller number of com-
`munications ports or to attach a large number of
`communications ports to a smaller number of com-
`munications lines. Acronym: MUX.
`
`multiplexer channel 11. One of the inputs to a multi-
`plexer. See also multiplexer (definition 1).
`multiplexing n. A technique used in communications
`and inputloutput operations for transmitting a num-
`
`structions or on di:
`
`ber of separate signals simultaneously over a single
`' The objective is in
`channel or line. To maintain the integrity of each sig-
`
`the same as in par;
`nal on the channel, multiplexing can separate the
`
`'3. special units caller
`signals by time, space, or frequency. The device used
`
`coprocessor, paral]
`to combine the signals is a multiplexer. See also
`
`FDM, space-division multiplexing, time—division
`
`multiplexing.
`
`multiplicand n. In arithmetic, the number that is mul-
`
`tiplied by another number (the multiplier). In math-
`
`ematics, the multiplicand and the multiplier are
`
`interchangeable, depending on how the problem is
`
`to run one progran
`stated, because the result is the same if the two are
`
`ulti-Protocol Ova
`reversed—for example, 2 x 3 and 3 x 2. ln arithmetic
`
`performed by computers, however, the multiplicand .
`ultipurpose Inter
`
`is different from the multiplier because computer
`
`_
`multiplication is usually performed as addition.
`inultiscan monitor
`
`Therefore, 2 x 3 means “add 2 three times,” whereas
`adapting to differer
`'
`3 x 2 means “add 3 two times.” See also factor. Cor
`
`to multiple scree
`pare multiplier (definition 1).
`
`ent video adapters
`multiplier n. 1. In arithmetic, the number that indicates
`
`Mglgismfion Access
`how many times another number (the multiplicand)_
`is multiplied. See also factor. Compare multiplicand'
`ultisystem networ
`
`2. In computing, an electronic device independent ofi
`ulwhich two or m(
`
`the central processing unit (CPU) that performs mu
`SSBd by network
`
`tiplication by adding the multiplicand according t
`tltasking n. A f1
`
`the value of the digits in the multiplier.
`most current operat
`mnltipoint configuration it. A communications link
`
`Works on multiple I
`in which multiple stations are connected sequentially
`ork—seemingl
`
`
`to the same communications line. Typically, the 520
`
`ml the processor’s
`munications line is controlled by a primary station;
`
`such as a computer, and the stations attached to thé
`
`line are secondary. See the illustration.
`
`lie operating 8}
`
`ority. See also b:
`
`
`
`Sébéndéry -
`station? __
`.
`
`Multipm‘nt configuration.
`
`
`
`multiport repeater it. See active hub.
`multiprocessing n. A mode of operation i
`
`or more connected and roughly equal processin
`
`each carry out one or more processes (pl'Ogl‘ml'l
`
`sets of instructions) in tandem. ln multiprocetlfll:1
`
`each processing unit works on a different set Ofl
`
`
`302
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 8
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc. - Exhibit 1072, p. 8
`
`

`

`edgppilcatio
`
`
`
`is placed'in the document body before the”
`_
`
`is sent to the browser. Server-side include He
`
`used, for example. to include the date/time st
`
`the text of the file. Acronym. 881. See also so
`
`(definition 2).
`
`
`service n. 1 A customer—based or user-oriente 1‘11
`tion, such as technical support or networkpro
`2.111 reference to programming and softw a
`
`gram or routine that provides support to at]:
`
`grams, particularly at a low (close to the hard
`
`level. 3. In networking, specialized, softw
`
`functionality provided by network servers
`_
`
` "1. The time c'
`ample, directory services that provide the'netw
`
`' most interacti'
`equivalent of “phone books” needed for locatrn
`
`ers and resources. See also utility.
`
`
`
`during which the
`
`
`Service Advertising Protocol 11. A method use
`as information.
`
`ring which two
`
`service-providing node in a network (such a
`
`.A specific prot
`
`"c model that man
`
`users or proces
`server boots, it uses the protocol to advertis
`
`del, session 1a;
`vice; when the same server goes offline, it u
`
`layer n. The lift
`Acronym: SAP. See also server (definition 1"
`ference model. '.
`service bureau n. l. A company that provides an
`
`'l' hat must be ag1
`ous services related to publishing, such as prep
`
`production, desktop publishing, typesetting
`
`n
`setting, and optical scanning of graphics. 2
`
`ganization that provides data processing serv. es
`
`and access to software packages for a fee
`
`service provider 11. See ESP.
`
`servlet or servelet n. A small Java program that n!
`
`on a server. The term is a companion to applet
`
`program that usually runs on the client. Servle
`
`form lightweight Web se