`Sharma et a].
`
`‘
`
`‘ US005790532A
`
`[11]
`
`[45]
`
`Patent Number:
`Date of Patent:
`
`5,790,532
`*Aug. 4, 1998
`
`[54] VOICE OVER VIDEO COMlWUNICATION
`SYSTEM
`
`[75] Inventors: Raghu Sharma. North Oaks; Jeffrey P.
`Davis. Ham Lake; Timothy D. Gunn.
`Mounds View; Ping Li. New Brighton.
`all of Mind; Sidhartha Maitra.
`Sararoga. Calif; Ashish Thanawala.
`Saratoga. Calif; Steve Young. Saratoga.
`Calif.
`
`[73] Assignee: Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.. Mounds
`View. Minn.
`
`[* ] Notice:
`
`The term of this patent shall not extend
`beyond the expiration date of Pat. No.
`5.452.289.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 527,952
`[22] Filed:
`Sep. 14, 1995
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`[62] Division of Ser. No. 2,467, Jan. 8, 1993, Pat. No. 5,452,289.
`
`[51] Int. C16 ...................................................... .. HMJ 3/16
`[52] US. Cl. ........... ..
`.. 370/286; 370/435; 370/468
`[58] Field of Search ................................... .. 370/276. 286.
`370/288. 289. 290. 465. 468. 470. 472.
`477. 535; 395/228. 2.3. 2.31; 375/219.
`220. 222. 245. 246. 249. 250, 240; 379/67.
`88, 89. 207. 235. 90. 93. 96—98. 110. 201.
`410. 411; 348/13-15. 473
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Re. 34,034 8/l9% O’Sullivan .............................. .. 379/59
`3,304,372 2/1967 Filipowsky et a]. ...................... .. 179/2
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0 429 054 A3 5/1991 European Pat. on. .
`o 443 548 A3 3/1991 European Pat. on. .
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`MICROPHONE SPEAKE? 504
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Video Calls Use Basic Phone Lines”. Mitch Radcli?e.
`MacWee/c. (Aug. 3. 1992).
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner—Chau Nguyen
`Attome); Agent,
`or Firm-Schwegman. Lunclberg.
`Woessner & Kluth. PA.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A personal communications system is described which
`includes components of software and hardware operating in
`conjunction with a personal computer. The user interface
`control software operates on a personal computer. preferably
`within the Microsoft Windows® environment. The software
`control system communicates with hardware components
`linked to the software through the personal computer serial
`communications port. The hardware components include
`telephone communication equipment. digital signal
`processors. and hardware to enable voice. fax and data
`communication with a remote site connected through a
`standard telephone line. The functions of the hardware
`components are controlled by control software operating
`within the hardware component and from the software
`components operating within the personal computer. The
`major functions of the system are a telephone function. a
`voice mail function. a fax manager function. a multi-media
`mail function. a show and tell function. a terminal function
`and an address book function. The telephone function allows
`the present system to operate. from the users perspective. as
`a conventional telephone using either hands-free. headset or
`handset operation. The telephone function is more sophis
`ticated than a standard telephone in that the present system
`converts the voice into a digital signal which can be pro
`cessed with echo cancellation. compressed. stored as digital
`data for later retrieval and transmitted as digital voice data
`concurrent with the transfer of digital information data.
`
`15 Claims, 52 Drawing Sheets
`
`Micro?che Appendix Included
`(14 Micro?che. 1157 Pages)
`
`GOOGLE INC. 1012
`
`1
`
`
`
`5,790,532
`Page 2
`
`U5, PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1/1974 Campanella ----------------------- -- 179/1702
`3,789,165
`9/1975 Every, Sr. et a1. .
`179/18
`3,904,830
`3/1976 Hutchins ---------- --
`-- "9115A
`3,973,081
`3,997,732 12/1976 Every, S1’. 8121
`.. . 179/18
`4,100,377
`7/1973 Flanagan .
`.. 179/15
`4,107,471
`311978 Rsed ....................................... .. 179/15
`4,205,202
`5/1980 Kahn-
`4,284,850
`8/1981 Cling/41112991v
`4,354,273 10/1932 Amseld e131.‘
`4,377,360
`3/1933 Godbole.
`4,403,322
`9/1933 K3110 et a1. ,
`4,425,661
`1/1934 Moses et 41.
`4,445,213
`4/1934 Baugh etaL.
`4,476,559 10/1934 Brolin et 31..
`4,479,195 10/1934 Herr e131,
`4,479,213 10/1934 Galand e1 41..
`4,495,620
`1/1935 Steele et 2],.
`4,500,937
`2/1935 Hasegawa.
`4,524,244
`6/1935 Fagginetal. ............................. .. 179/2
`4,534,024
`3/1935 Maxemchuk et 31..
`4,546,212 10/1935 CrowdenSt. ............................. .. 179/2
`4,573,537
`3/1936 Fagginet a1. ............................. .. 179/2
`4,537,651
`5/1936 Nelson et a1, .
`4,593,339
`6/1936 Wurzburg c1111..
`4,593,397
`7/1936 Nelson et a1. ..................... .. 370/1101
`4,609,733
`9/1936 Miller etal.
`179/1706
`4,610,022
`9/1936 Kitayamaetal. ..
`331/36
`4,622,630 11/1936 Zinser.
`4,629,329 12/1936 Pub] 6181. .............................. .. 379/53
`4,652,703
`3/1937 Lu et a1.
`379/339
`4,660,213
`4/1937 1133111111616 .............................. .. 379/93
`4,670,874
`6/1937 Sam et a1. .
`4,697,281
`9/1937 O‘Sullivan .............................. .. 379/59
`4,700,341 10/1937 Huang.
`4,707,331 11/1937 Weir et 31..
`4,713,032
`1/1933 Parker e1 :11. ........................... .. 379/93
`4,740,963
`4/1933 Eckley,
`4,750,169
`6/1933 Calseet a]. .
`340/32507
`4,751,510
`6/1933 De Saint Michel et a].
`331/31
`4,751,736
`6/1933 Guptaetal. ......... ..
`.. 379/410
`4,757,527
`7/1933 Benistoneta].
`4,764,955
`3/1933 Galand et a1. ........................ .. 379/411
`4,794,595 12/1933 Ohyama.
`4,307250 2/1939 Tanaka .................................... .. 375/23
`4,309271
`2/1939 Kondo et 41..
`4,313,040
`3/1939 Futato.
`4,327,035
`5/1939 Yaniv C1181. ............................ .. 173/13
`4,335,765
`5/1939 Bergmans e1 41..
`4,339,302
`6/1939 Wonaketal. ........................ .. 364/200
`4,345,746
`7/1939 Li ........... ..
`379/411
`4,347,900
`7/1939 Wakim
`...................... .. 379/424
`4,362,449
`3/1939 Hoe?cens et 31..
`4,364,559
`9/1939 Perlmzm,
`4,366,732
`9/1939 Carey et a1. .............................. .. 375/1
`4,373,715 10/1939
`'
`4,337,265 12/1939
`4,390,232 12/1939
`4,390,316 12/1939
`4,901,333
`2/1990
`4,905,232
`2/1990
`4,912,756
`3/1990 Hop.
`4,912,753
`3/1990 Arbel .................................... .. 3791333
`4,914,650
`4/1990 S?ram.
`4,926,443
`5/1990 Kraul et a1. ........................... .. 375/121
`4,932,043
`6/1990 Kenmochi et a1.
`379/67
`4,935,954
`6/1990 Thompson et a1. ..................... .. 379/39
`4,942,569
`7/1990 Maeno.
`4,953,210
`3/1990 McGlynn et a1. ...................... .. 330/43
`4,965,739 10/1990 Betta/110131..
`4,972,457 11/1990 O’Sullivan .............................. .. 379159
`
`'
`
`'
`
`4,972,462 11/1990 Shibata .................................... .. 379/39
`4,972,433 11/1990 Carey ...................................... .. 331/31
`4,977,591 12/1990 Chcnetal. ........................... .. 379/410
`4,991,169 2,1991 Davis at al _
`4,995,059
`2/1991 Ishikawa ................................. .. 375/27
`4998241 3,1991 Brox et a1‘ _
`5,001,710
`3,1991 Gawryse,a1__
`5,001,745
`3,1991 Pollock ___________________________________ __ 379/96
`5,005,133
`4/1991 Carey eta1..
`5,003,901
`4/1991 Wallachet 31..
`5,003,926
`4/1991 Misholi
`........................ .. 379/39
`5,014,232
`5/1991 Andre ............................... .. 364/72419
`5,020,053
`5/1991 Holden et a1. ,
`5,025,443
`6/1991 Gupta.
`5,036,513
`7/1991 Greenblatt.
`5,044,010
`3/1991 Frankie] et a1. ........................ .. 379/61
`5,046,133
`9/1991
`379/94
`5,051,720
`9/1991
`.. 340/310
`5,062,133 10/1991
`379/94
`5,065,395 11/1991 Shenoi c1111..
`5,065,425 11/1991 Lecomle e161, ........................ .. 379193
`5,031,647
`1/1992 Bremer,
`5,033,310
`1/1992 Drory ...................................... .. 331/30
`5,036,471
`2/1992 Tanaka e161. .......................... .. 331/36
`5,099,472
`3/1992 Townsend et a1. .
`5,107,519 4/1992 Ishikawa.
`5,115,429 5/1992 Hluchyj et a1. .
`5,121,335
`6/1992 Tominaga etal.
`5,127,001
`6/1992 Steagal] (91:11.,
`5,127,041
`6/1992 O’Sullivan .............................. .. 379/59
`5,132,966 7/1992 Hayano et 31..
`5,136,536
`3/1992 Greenblatt.
`5,133,662
`3/1992 Amano et a1, .......................... .. 331/36
`5,146,470 9/1992 Fujii e1 a1. ,
`5,150,410 9/1992 Bemand .................................. .. 330/23
`5,151,937
`9/1992 Chujo et a1. ....................... .. 379/410
`5,153,397 10/1992 Sumiyoshi et 41..
`5,162,312 11/1992 Aman e1 41..
`5,164,932 11/1992 Davis ...................................... .. 379/96
`5,177,734
`1/1993 Cummiskcy et a1. .
`5,132,762
`1/1993 Shirai et a1. .
`5,137,591
`2/1993 Guy et a1. ............................. .. 353/425
`5,137,692
`2/1993 Haneda eta].
`.. 367/135
`5,193,110
`3/1993 Jones et a1. ..
`.. 379/94
`5,195,130
`3/1993 Weiss et a1. .
`379/93
`5,203,312 5/1993 Dudek et a1. .
`5,203,350 5/1993 Kjno ........................................ .. 379/33
`5,214,656 5/1993 Chung e161. ........................... .. 371/43
`5,228,026 7/1993 Albrow et a1. .
`5,233,660
`3/1993 Chen ....................................... .. 331/33
`5,235,595
`3/1993 O’Dowd.
`5,249,213
`9/1993 Sainton ................................... .. 379/59
`5,253,933 11/1993 Lane et 31..
`5,261,027 11/1993 Tanjguchi el al. ........................ .. 395/2
`5,263,019 11/1993 Chu.
`5,272,695 12/1993 Makino e1n1..
`5,276,703
`1/1994 Budin e1 31. .............................. .. 375/1
`5,273,900
`1/1994 Van Gerwenetal.
`379/410
`5,232,197
`1/1994 Kreitzer.
`343/14
`5,233,633
`2/1994 Engbergetal.
`379/90
`5,233,319 2/1994 Glick et a1.
`5,239,539 2/1994 Maruyama ............................ .. 379/410
`5295,136 3/1994 Ashley et a1. .
`5297203 3/1994 Rose et a1. ................................ .. 330/9
`5,305,312 4/1994 Fomek et a1. .
`330/49
`5,307,413 4/1994 Denzer ..
`.. ..
`5,309,562 5/1994 1.1 .......................................... .. 395/200
`5,313,493 5/1994 82.110.
`5,317,064 5/1994 oswweil.
`5,319,632 6/1994 c1313.
`5,327,520 7/1994 chen .................................... .. 395/223
`5,329,472 7/1994 Sugiyama ......................... .. 364/72A.19
`
`2
`
`
`
`5,790,532
`Page 3
`
`5,341,374 8/1994 Lewen et a1. .
`5,343,473
`8/1994 Cidon et a1. .
`5,343,521
`8/1994 Jullien et a1. ......................... .. 379/410
`5,355,365 10/1994 Bhat et a1.
`370/85.13
`5,365,577 11/1994 Davis et a1. ............................ .. 379/96
`5,371,853 12/1994 Kao et a1. .
`5,379,340
`1/1995 Overend eta]. ........................ .. 379/93
`5,381,412
`1/1995 Otani.
`5,384,780
`1/1995 Lomp et al. .
`5,390,239 2/1995 Morris et a1. ........................... .. 379/93
`5,390,250 2/1995 Janse et al.
`379/410
`5,402,474
`3/1995 Miller et a1. . . . . .
`. . . .. 379/93
`5,406,557
`4/1995 Baudoin et al. .
`370/61
`5,406,560 4/1995 Kondo et a1. .
`5,414,796 5/1995 Jacobs et a1. .
`5,416,776 5/1995 Panzarella et a1. .
`5,438,614
`8/1995 Rozman et a]. ........................ .. 379/93
`5,440,547
`8/1995 Ewki et a1. .
`5,440,698
`8/1995 Sindhu et a1. ................... .. 395000.08
`
`5,444,770 8/1995 Davis et a1. . . . . . . . . .
`
`. . . . . . . .. 379/99
`
`370/286
`5,452,289 9/1995 Shanna et a1.
`5,463,616 10/1995 Kruse et a1. ............................ .. 370/24
`5,472,351 12/1995 Greco et a1. .
`5,473,676 12/1995 Flick et al. ............................. .. 379/99
`
`5,479,407 12/1995 Ko etal. . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . .. 370/94.1
`5,479,475 12/1995 Grob et a1. .............................. .. 379/58
`5,490,060
`2/1996 Malec et a1. .
`5,493,609 2/1996 W'inseck, Jr. et a1. ................ .. 379/962
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`488685A2 6/1992 European Pat. Off. .
`0 510 411 A2 10/1992 European Pat. O?". ....... .. H04M 3/42
`0 526 104A2 2/1993 European Pat. Off.
`H04L 12/56
`0 581 528 A1 2/1994 European Pat. O?‘.
`G06F 1/00
`0 582 537 A3 2/1994 European Pat. 01f. ...... .. H04L 29/06
`0 650 286 A2 4/1994 European Pat. 01f. ..... .. H04M 11/06
`0 614 305 A3 9/1994 European Pat. Off. ....... .. H04N l/OO
`3504064 8/1986 Germany .
`3630469 3/1988 Germany .
`3409532 4/1989 Germany .
`63-054052 8/1988 Japan .
`193489 7/1990 Japan .
`257748 1011990 Japan .
`3162052 7/1991 Japan ............................ .. H04M 1166
`2210237 1/1989 United Kingdom .
`2 260 670 411993 United Kingdom .......... .. H04M 1/66
`2 268 663
`l/l994 United Kingdom .......... .. H04M l/57
`WO 91/07044 5/1991 WIPO .
`WO 92/06550 4/1992 WIPO .
`WO 92/20028 l1/1992 WIPO .
`WO 93/11643 6/1993 WIPO .......................... .. H04N ll/OO
`WO 93/22869 1l/1993 WlPO .
`WO 94/26056 ll/1994 WIPO .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Radish System Lets Phone Users Send Voice. Data Simul
`taneously”. PC Week, 9, 19, pp. 53. (May 11. 1992).
`“Don’t Just Tell Them. Show Theml". Glenn A. Pierce, Jr.,
`Automation. (Aug. 1990).
`‘Mitsubishi Still Color Picture TV Phone”, Techno Japan,
`23, 6. (Jun. 1990).
`"The Photophone". (Product Brochure) GTE (Feb. 15,
`1990).
`“Wrist TVs Still Fiction. but Police Videophones Take
`Hold”, Ray Smith. TE&M. (Dec. 15. 1987).
`“Audiographic Terminal”, M. Laube, Electrical Communi
`cation, 60, 1. (1986).
`“Comparison of Coding Schemes for Telewriting Systems”.
`Tominaga et al.. ICCC. (1986).
`
`“Simultaneous Transmission of Voice and Handwriting Sig
`nals: Sketchphone System”. Kishimoto et 211.. IEEE. (1981).
`‘Telewriting Terminal Equipment" (Recommendation
`T.150) CCITT. (1988).
`"A Family of 2-Wire. Duplex Modems Operating at Data
`Signalling Rates .
`.
`. ". Facsimile Recommendation 11.32
`CCITT. (1988).
`“*** PICFON Card Brochuhre”, Specom Technologies
`Corp. (Published Prior to Applicant’s Invention).
`“Pen Telephone Brochure. Shirnadzu. (Published Prior to
`Applicant's Invention).
`"Telewriter Product Description". Optel Communications,
`Inc.. (Published Prior to Applicant's Invention).
`“Videowriter ‘91 Product Description". Optel Communica
`lions, Inc.. (1991).
`European Search Report for Application No. EP 93403164
`completed on Sep. 21. 1995 by Examiner Lambley; 4 pages.
`S. Casale et al.. “Statistical Voice/High—Speed Data Multi
`plexing on a 64 KBlT/S Channel, IEEE. pp. 459-464. dated
`1991.
`T. Komiya et al. “An Approach to the Multifunction Graphic
`Terminal for the ISDN Environment". IEEE. pp. 32-36.
`dated 1988.
`D. Gulick et al.. “Interface for the ISDN to Your PC with A
`Voice/Data Boar ”. Electronic Design. pp. 85-88. dated
`Dec. 10, 1987.
`S. Sasaki et aL, “Variable Rate Voice Coding System”. IEEE.
`pp. 364-367. dated 1992.
`V. Cuperman. et al., Backward Adaptive Con?gurations For
`Low-Delay Vector Excitation Coding. Advances In Speech
`Coding. pp. 13—23. dated Jan. 1, 1991.
`Copy of European Search Report dated Apr. 18. 1996 by S.
`Larnbley for Application No. EP 93403164 (5 pages).
`Copy of PCT Search Report dated May 24. 1996 by C.
`Canosa Areste for Application No.PCI‘/US95/14253 (6
`pages).
`AT&T Microelectronics. “High Speed Data Pump Chip
`Sets,” published in Dec. 1991.
`AT&T Microelectronics, “WE DSP16C Digital Signal Pro
`cessor/CODEC Preliminary Data Sheet.” 32 pages. pub
`lished in May, 1991.
`AT&T Microelectronics. ‘T7 540 Digital Telephone CODEC
`Data Sheet Addendum.” pp. 1-4. published in Jul., 1991.
`AT&T Microelectronics. ‘T7540 Digital Telephone CODEC
`Preliminary Data Sheet,” pp. 1-64, published in Jan.. 1991.
`Zilog Intelligent Peripheral Controllers. “Z84CO1 Z80 CPU
`with Clock Generator/Controller." pp. 43-73, published in
`1991.
`Zilog Intelligent Peripheral Controllers. “Z84C90 CMOS
`Z80 KIO Serial/Parallellcounter/timer.” pp. 205-224. pub
`lished in 1991.
`U.S. West Caller ID publication, received Jul. 18, 1994, one
`P389
`J.D. Mills, et al.. “A Data and Voice System for the General
`Service Telephone Network," IECON, pp. 1143—1148, 1987.
`Copy of European Search Report (Application No. EP
`94304742). completed Jun. 8. 1995 by Examiner Mikkelsen.
`‘TechTips—A Periodic Round-up of Technical Applica
`tions, Notes, and Information on MultiTech’s Data Com
`munications Products" MultiTech Systems. vol. 2, No. 2,
`May 1992.
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`
`3
`
`
`
`5,790,532
`Page 4
`
`Y. Akaiwa et al.. “An Integrated Voice and Data Radio
`Access System.” 1992. pp. 255-258. IEEE.
`CCI'IT V.42. “Error-Correcting Procedures for DCES
`Using Asynchronous-to-Synchronous Conversion". vol.
`VlIL pp. 296-370. dated 1988.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. Method and Apparatus
`for the Statistical Multiplexing of Voice. Data. and Image
`Signals. 35. No. 5. pp. 409-411. dated Nov. 1992.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin. Speech Data Adaptive
`Multiplexer. 27. No. 2. pp. 969. dated Jul. 1994.
`Copy of PCP Search Report dated Apr. 25. 1996 by Areste
`Canosa for Application No. PCT/US95/05034 (8 pages).
`
`Copy of PCI‘ Search Report dated Apr. 10. 1996 by J. Lange
`for Application No. PCI‘lUS95/ 14826 (7 pages).
`Copy of PCP Search Report dated Mar. 28. 1996 by M.
`Vandevenne for Application No. PCI‘ [US95/ 14829 (8
`pages).
`Canadian Application No. 2.104.701. C0mputer—Based
`Multifunction Personal Communications System. pp. 1-105.
`and 52 sheets of drawings. dated Jul. 9. 1994.
`Copy of PCT Search Report for Application Serial No.
`PCT/US 96/11313 completed on Nov. 7. 1996. by C.
`Mikkelsen. 4 pages.
`
`4
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 4, 1998
`
`Sheet 1 0f 52
`
`5,790,532
`
`10A
`
`1O
`1/
`
`FIG. 1
`
`5
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 4, 1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 52
`
`5,790,532
`
`113
`
`-—
`§elections
`
`\ PCS
`Setgp
`
`v
`?elp
`
`115 ?ew]:
`
`Telephone
`
`“7“\ F11
`
`Voice Mail
`
`119-_% 5:
`
`Fox Manager
`
`121 \ n a
`\ @ Multi-Medic Mail
`
`-
`
`(mi-l
`
`Show and Tell
`
`125/
`
`127/
`
`1111
`
`Terminal
`
`Address Book
`
`FIG. 2
`
`6
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 3 of 52
`
`5,790,532
`
`1I1IIIIIIIII..._moEme.z_mz:
`
`
` .\\__uzo:nm_.EH.F,s--u------.Snxwxfimmmzo_&omo_2
`
`oE-Sn
`
`«mama
`
`
`
`moEmEz_._<_Em
`
`582$.
`
`n.o_.._
`
`7
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 4, 1998
`
`Sheet 4 0f 52
`
`5,790,532
`
`50
`
`6B
`
`60
`
`6A
`
`5A
`
`5B
`
`7A
`
`7B
`
`70
`
`88
`
`8A
`
`9A’
`
`98
`
`90
`
`10B
`
`10A
`
`100
`
`FIG. 4
`
`8
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 5 of 52
`
`5,790,532
`
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`Aug. 4, 1993
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Sheet 23 of 52
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`START ANALYSIS
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`DC REMOVAL
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`SILENCE DETECTION
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug- 4, 1998
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`Sheet 24 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Aug. 4, 1993
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`Sheet 32 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1993
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`Sheet 33 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Sheet 34 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1998
`
`Sheet 35 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1998
`
`Sheet 36 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1993
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`Sheet 33 of 52
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Sheet 39 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Sheet 40 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`START
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 41 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 42 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`Hold All Outgoing cans for the
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 43 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`PCS PBX Setup
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`47
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 4, 1993
`
`Sheet 44 of 52
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`5,790,532
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`Aug. 4, 1998
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`Sheet 45 of 52
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