Guidelines for OpenVMS Cluster
`Configurations
`
`Order Number: AA–Q28LC–TK
`
`January 1999
`
`OpenVMS Cluster availability, scalability, and system management
`benefits are highly dependent on configurations, applications, and
`operating environments. This guide provides suggestions and guidelines
`to help you maximize these benefits.
`
`Revision/Update Information:
`
`Software Version:
`
`This manual supersedes Guidelines
`for OpenVMS Cluster Configurations
`Version 7.1.
`OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.2
`OpenVMS VAX Version 7.2
`
`Compaq Computer Corporation
`Houston, Texas
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 1 of 302
`
`

`
`January 1999
`
`Compaq Computer Corporation makes no representations that the use of its products in the
`manner described in this publication will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do
`the descriptions contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell
`equipment or software in accordance with the description.
`
`Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant
`to a valid written license from Compaq or an authorized sublicensor.
`
`Compaq conducts its business in a manner that conserves the environment and protects the safety
`and health of its employees, customers, and the community.
`
`© Compaq Computer Corporation 1999. All rights reserved.
`
`The following are trademarks of Compaq Computer Corporation:
`
`ACMS, Alpha, AlphaServer, AlphaStation, Bookreader, Business Recovery Server, CDD,
`CDD/Repository, CI, CIXCD, COHESION, Compaq, DEC, DECarray, DECconcentrator, DECdirect,
`DECevent, DEC FDDIcontroller, DECmate, DECmcc, DECnet, DECram, DECserver, DECwindows,
`DEC Rdb for OpenVMS, DELUA, DEMFA, DEQNA, DEQTA, DIGITAL, DSA, HSC, HSC60, HSC90,
`HSJ, HSZ, InfoServer, KDA, KDB, KDM, LAT, MASSBUS, MI, MicroVAX, MicroVAX II, MSCP,
`OpenVMS, PATHWORKS, POLYCENTER, PrintServer, Q–bus, RA, RA74, RF31T, RF35, RF36,
`RF71, RF72, RF73, RF74, Reliable Transaction Router, RK, RL, RQDX, RRD42, RRD43, RRD44,
`RZ, RZ23L, RZ24L, RZ25L, RZ26L, RZ28, RZ56, RZ58, RZ73, SA, SA73, SA300, SA900, SDI, STI,
`StorageWorks, TA, TA85, TA91, TA92, TA857, TA867, TF85, TF86, TF857, TF867, TK, TruCluster,
`TS, TU, TURBOchannel, UDA, ULTRIX, VAX, VAX 3400, VAX 6000, VAX 7000, VAX 8600,
`VAX 9000, VAX DOCUMENT, VAX RMS, VAXBI, VAXcluster, VAXstation, VMS, VMScluster,
`VT100, VT300, XMI, and the Compaq logo.
`
`The following are third-party trademarks:
`
`Futurebus and Futurebus+ are trademarks of Force Computers GMBH, Federal Republic of
`Germany.
`
`IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
`
`IEEE is a registered trademark of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`
`Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
`
`Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
`
`MEMORY CHANNEL is a registered trademark of Encore Computer Corporation.
`
`Motif is a registered trademark of The Open Group, Inc.
`
`Microsoft, MS–DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks, and NT is a trademark
`of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
`
`Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
`
`POSIX is a registered trademark of IEEE.
`
`POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
`
`StorageTek is a registered trademark of Storage Technology Corporation.
`
`Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase, Inc.
`
`UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories.
`
`UNIX is a registered trademark iin the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively
`through X/Open Company, Ltd.
`
`All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
`
`The OpenVMS documentation set is available on CD–ROM.
`
`ZK6318
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 2 of 302
`
`

`
`Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`xvii
`
`Contents
`
`1 Overview of OpenVMS Cluster System Configuration
`Mixed Alpha and VAX Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.1
`Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.2
`Software Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3
`OpenVMS Operating System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3.1
`Networking Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3.2
`Storage Enhancement Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3.3
`System Management Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3.4
`Business Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.3.5
`Configuring an OpenVMS Cluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.4
`General Configuration Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`1.4.1
`
`2 Determining Business and Application Requirements
`Determining Business Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1
`Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1.1
`Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1.2
`Scalability and Future Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1.3
`Physical Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1.4
`Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.1.5
`Determining Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.2
`Adding Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.2.1
`Balancing Processor, Memory, and I/O Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.2.2
`Tools and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`2.2.3
`
`3 Choosing OpenVMS Cluster Systems
`Alpha and VAX Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.1
`Types of Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.2
`Choosing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.3
`Scalability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.4
`Availability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.5
`Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.6
`System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`3.7
`
`1–1
`1–2
`1–3
`1–3
`1–5
`1–6
`1–6
`1–7
`1–7
`1–7
`
`2–1
`2–1
`2–2
`2–2
`2–2
`2–3
`2–3
`2–3
`2–4
`2–4
`
`3–1
`3–1
`3–1
`3–2
`3–3
`3–3
`3–3
`
`iii
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 3 of 302
`
`

`
`4 Choosing OpenVMS Cluster Interconnects
`Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.1
`Comparison of Interconnect Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.2
`Multiple Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.3
`Mixed Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.4
`Interconnects Supported by Alpha and VAX Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.5
`Fibre Channel Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.6
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.6.1
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.6.2
`Supported Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.6.3
`MEMORY CHANNEL Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.7
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.7.1
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.7.2
`Supported Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.7.3
`SCSI Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.8
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.8.1
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.8.2
`SCSI Interconnect Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.8.3
`Supported Adapters, Bus Types, and Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.8.4
`CI Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9.1
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9.2
`Supported Adapters and Bus Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9.3
`Multiple CI Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9.4
`Configuration Guidelines for CI Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.9.5
`Digital Storage Systems Interconnect (DSSI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.1
`Maintenance Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.2
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.3
`DSSI Adapter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.4
`Supported Adapters and Bus Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.5
`DSSI-Connected Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.6
`Multiple DSSI Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.7
`Configuration Guidelines for DSSI Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.10.8
`Ethernet Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11.1
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11.2
`Multiple Ethernet Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11.3
`Supported Adapters and Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11.4
`Ethernet-to-FDDI Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.11.5
`Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.1
`Types of FDDI Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.2
`Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.3
`Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.4
`Supported Adapters and Bus Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.5
`Configuration Guidelines for FDDI-Based Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.6
`Multiple FDDI Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.7
`Multiple FDDI Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`4.12.8
`
`4–1
`4–2
`4–2
`4–2
`4–3
`4–3
`4–4
`4–4
`4–4
`4–4
`4–5
`4–5
`4–6
`4–6
`4–6
`4–7
`4–7
`4–8
`4–8
`4–9
`4–9
`4–9
`4–10
`4–10
`4–11
`4–11
`4–11
`4–11
`4–11
`4–11
`4–12
`4–12
`4–13
`4–13
`4–13
`4–14
`4–14
`4–14
`4–15
`4–15
`4–15
`4–15
`4–16
`4–16
`4–16
`4–16
`4–17
`4–17
`
`iv
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 4 of 302
`
`

`
`5 Choosing OpenVMS Cluster Storage Subsystems
`Understanding Storage Product Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.1
`Criteria for Choosing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.1.1
`How Interconnects Affect Storage Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.1.2
`How Floor Space Affects Storage Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.1.3
`Determining Storage Capacity Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.2
`Estimating Disk Capacity Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.2.1
`Additional Disk Capacity Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.2.2
`Choosing Disk Performance Optimizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.3
`Performance Optimizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.3.1
`Determining Disk Availability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.4
`Availability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.4.1
`Device and Data Availability Optimizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.4.2
`CI Based Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.5
`Supported Controllers and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.5.1
`DSSI Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.6
`Supported Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.6.1
`SCSI-Based Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.7
`Supported Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.7.1
`Fibre Channel Based Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.8
`Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.8.1
`Host-Based Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.9
`Internal Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.9.1
`Local Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`5.9.2
`
`6 Configuring Multiple Paths to SCSI and Fibre Channel Storage
`Overview of Multipath SCSI Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.1
`Direct SCSI to Direct SCSI Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.1.1
`Direct SCSI to MSCP Served Failover
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.1.2
`Configurations Combining Both Types of Multipath Failover . . . . . . .
`6.1.3
`HSx Failover Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.2
`Transparent Failover Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.2.1
`Multibus Failover Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.2.2
`Path Selection by OpenVMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.3
`How OpenVMS Performs Multipath Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.3.1
`Configuration Requirements and Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.4
`Parallel SCSI Multipath Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.5
`Transparent Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.5.1
`Multibus Failover and Multiple Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.5.2
`Configurations Using Multiported Storage Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.5.3
`Device Naming for Parallel SCSI Multipath Configurations . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.6
`Review of Node Allocation Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.6.1
`Review of Port Allocation Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.6.2
`Device Naming Using HSZ Allocation Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.6.3
`Fibre Channel Multipath Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.7
`Implementing Multipath Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8
`Valid Multipath Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.1
`Invalid Multipath Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.2
`Multipath System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.3
`Path Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.4
`Displaying Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.5
`Displaying Paths With SHOW DEVICE/FULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`6.8.5.1
`Displaying Paths With SHOW DEVICE/MULTIPATH_SET . . . . . .
`6.8.5.2
`
`5–1
`5–2
`5–2
`5–3
`5–3
`5–3
`5–4
`5–4
`5–4
`5–6
`5–6
`5–6
`5–7
`5–7
`5–7
`5–7
`5–8
`5–8
`5–8
`5–8
`5–8
`5–8
`5–9
`
`6–2
`6–2
`6–4
`6–5
`6–6
`6–6
`6–6
`6–8
`6–8
`6–9
`6–10
`6–11
`6–12
`6–13
`6–16
`6–16
`6–17
`6–18
`6–20
`6–23
`6–23
`6–25
`6–26
`6–27
`6–28
`6–29
`6–30
`
`v
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 5 of 302
`
`

`
`6.8.6
`6.8.7
`6.8.8
`6.8.9
`
`Path Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Switching Current Paths Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Enabling or Disabling Paths as Path Switch Candidates . . . . . . . . . . .
`Console Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`7 Configuring Fibre Channel as an OpenVMS Cluster Storage
`Interconnect
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Overview of Fibre Channel
`7.1
`Fibre Channel Configuration Requirements and Restrictions . . . . . . . . . .
`7.2
`Example Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.3
`Fibre Channel Addresses, WWIDs, and Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4
`Fibre Channel Addresses and WWIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4.1
`OpenVMS Names for Fibre Channel Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4.2
`Fibre Channel Storage Adapter Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4.2.1
`Fibre Channel Path Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4.2.2
`Fibre Channel Storage Device Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`7.4.2.3
`
`8 Configuring OpenVMS Clusters for Availability
`Availability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.1
`How OpenVMS Clusters Provide Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.2
`Shared Access to Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.2.1
`Component Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.2.2
`Failover Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.2.3
`Related Software Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.2.4
`Strategies for Configuring Highly Available OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . .
`8.3
`Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.3.1
`Strategies for Maintaining Highly Available OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . .
`8.4
`Strategies for Maintaining Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.4.1
`Availability in a LAN OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.5
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.5.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.5.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.5.3
`Key Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.5.4
`Configuring Multiple LANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.6
`Selecting MOP Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.6.1
`Configuring Two LAN Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.6.2
`Configuring Three LAN Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.6.3
`Availability in a DSSI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.7
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.7.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.7.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.7.3
`Key Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.7.4
`Availability in a CI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.8
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.8.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.8.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.8.3
`Key Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.8.4
`Availability in a MEMORY CHANNEL OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.9
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.9.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.9.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.9.3
`Key Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.9.4
`
`vi
`
`6–31
`6–31
`6–31
`6–32
`
`7–2
`7–4
`7–6
`7–8
`7–9
`7–11
`7–11
`7–12
`7–12
`
`8–1
`8–1
`8–2
`8–2
`8–2
`8–3
`8–4
`8–4
`8–5
`8–5
`8–6
`8–8
`8–8
`8–8
`8–9
`8–9
`8–9
`8–10
`8–11
`8–12
`8–14
`8–14
`8–14
`8–15
`8–15
`8–16
`8–17
`8–17
`8–17
`8–18
`8–18
`8–19
`8–19
`8–19
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 6 of 302
`
`

`
`Availability in an OpenVMS Cluster with Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.10
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.10.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.10.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.10.3
`Key Availability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.10.4
`8.11 Multiple-Site OpenVMS Cluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.11.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.11.2
`Disaster-Tolerant OpenVMS Cluster Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`8.12
`
`9 Configuring CI OpenVMS Clusters for Availability and Performance
`CI Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.1
`Configuration Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.2
`Configuration 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.3
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.3.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.3.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.3.3
`Key Availability and Performance Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.3.4
`Configuration 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.4
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.4.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.4.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.4.3
`Key Availability and Performance Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.4.4
`Configuration 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.5
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.5.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.5.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.5.3
`Key Availability and Performance Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.5.4
`Configuration 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.6
`Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.6.1
`Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.6.2
`Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.6.3
`Key Availability and Performance Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.6.4
`Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`9.7
`
`10 Configuring OpenVMS Clusters for Scalability
`10.1 What Is Scalability? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Scalable Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.1.1
`Strategies for Configuring a Highly Scalable OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . .
`10.2
`Scalability Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.2.1
`Scalability in CI OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.3
`Two-Node CI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.3.1
`Three-Node CI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.3.2
`Seven-Node CI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.3.3
`Guidelines for CI OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.3.4
`Guidelines for Volume Shadowing in CI OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . .
`10.3.5
`Scalability in DSSI OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.4
`Two-Node DSSI OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.4.1
`Four-Node DSSI OpenVMS Cluster with Shared Access . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.4.2
`Four-Node DSSI OpenVMS Cluster with Some Nonshared Access . . .
`10.4.3
`Scalability in MEMORY CHANNEL OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.5
`Two-Node MEMORY CHANNEL Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`10.5.1
`
`8–20
`8–22
`8–22
`8–22
`8–22
`8–23
`8–23
`8–24
`8–24
`
`9–1
`9–2
`9–2
`9–2
`9–3
`9–4
`9–4
`9–4
`9–5
`9–6
`9–7
`9–7
`9–7
`9–9
`9–10
`9–10
`9–10
`9–10
`9–12
`9–13
`9–13
`9–13
`9–13
`
`10–1
`10–1
`10–3
`10–3
`10–4
`10–4
`10–5
`10–7
`10–8
`10–8
`10–11
`10–11
`10–12
`10–13
`10–15
`10–15
`
`vii
`
`DHPN-1005 / Page 7 of 302
`
`

`
`10.5.2
`10.5.3
`10.6
`10.6.1
`10.6.2
`10.6.3
`10.6.4
`10.7
`10.7.1
`10.7.2
`10.7.3
`10.7.4
`10.7.5
`10.7.6
`10.7.7
`10.7.8
`10.8
`10.8.1
`10.8.2
`10.8.3
`10.8.4
`10.8.5
`10.8.6
`10.8.7
`
`Three-Node MEMORY CHANNEL Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Four-Node MEMORY CHANNEL OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Scalability in SCSI OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Two-Node Fast-Wide SCSI Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Two-Node Fast-Wide SCSI Cluster with HSZ Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Three-Node Fast-Wide SCSI Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Four-Node Ultra SCSI Hub Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Scalability in OpenVMS Clusters with Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Six-Satellite OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Six-Satellite OpenVMS Cluster with Two Boot Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Twelve-Satellite LAN OpenVMS Cluster with Two LAN Segments . .
`Forty-Five Satellite OpenVMS Cluster with FDDI Ring . . . . . . . . . . .
`High-Powered Workstation OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Guidelines for OpenVMS Clusters with Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Extended LAN Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`System Parameters for OpenVMS Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Scaling for I/Os . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`MSCP Served Access to Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Disk Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Read/Write Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`I/O Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Managing ‘‘Hot’’ Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Volume Shadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`11 OpenVMS Cluster System Management Strategies
`Simple and Complex Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.1
`System Disk Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2
`Single System Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2.1
`Multiple System Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2.2
`Multiple System-Disk OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2.3
`Dividing an OpenVMS Cluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2.4
`Summary: Single Versus Multiple System Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.2.5
`OpenVMS Cluster Environment Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.3
`Common Environment
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.3.1
`Putting Environment Files on a Separate, Common Disk . . . . . . . . . .
`11.3.2
`Multiple Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.3.3
`Additional Multiple-Environment Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.4
`Using Multiple SYSUAF.DAT Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.4.1
`Using Multiple Queue Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.4.2
`Quorum Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.5
`Quorum Strategy Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.5.1
`State Transition Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.6
`Dealing with State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.6.1
`11.7 Migration and Warranted Support for Multiple Versions
`. . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Alpha and VAX Systems in the Same OpenVMS Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.8
`OpenVMS Cluster Satellite Booting Across Architectures . . . . . . . . . .
`11.8.1
`Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.8.2
`Determining Backup and Storage Management Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.9
`Steps for Determining a Backup Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.9.1
`11.10 Disk Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.11 Tape Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`11.11.1
`
`10–16
`10–17
`10–18
`10–18
`10–19
`10–20
`10–22
`10–23
`10–23
`10–24
`10–25
`10–26
`10–27
`10–29
`10–29
`10–31
`10–31
`10–32
`10–33
`10–33
`10–33
`10–34
`10–34
`10–35
`
`11–1
`11–2
`11–2
`11–4
`11–5
`11–6
`11–7
`11–8
`11–8
`11–9
`11–9
`11–10
`11–10
`11–11
`11–11
`11–11
`11–12
`11–12
`11–13
`11–14
`11–14
`11–15
`11–15
`11–15
`11–15
`11–16
`11–16
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`viii
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`DHPN-1005 / Page 8 of 302
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`11.11.2
`11.11.3
`11.11.4
`11.11.5
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`Benefits of Unattended Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Archive/Backup System for OpenVMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`