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`'- fim- SAN FRANCISCO 4-
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`IBM DICTIONARY
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`OF COMPUTING
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`E©EWFE
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`APR 0 6 1999
`
`TOWNSEND 8: TOWNSEND
`AND CREW
`LIBRARY - SAN FRANCISCO
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`Patent Owner Evolutionary Intelligence LLC- Ex. 2004- Page 1
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`Patent Owner Evolutionary Intelligence LLC - Ex. 2004 - Page 1
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`
`IBM DICTIONARY
`
`OF COMPUTING
`
`Compiled and edited by
`GEORGE McDANlEL
`
`New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogoté
`Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan
`Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore
`Sydney Tokyo Toronto
`
`McGRAW—HILL, INC.
`
`Patent Owner Evolutionary Intelligence LLC - Ex: 2004- Page 2
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`Patent Owner Evolutionary Intelligence LLC - Ex. 2004 - Page 2
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`
`
`.-
`Limitation of Liability
`While the Editor and Publisher of this book have made reasonable efforts to
`
`ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, nei-
`ther the Editor nor the Publisher shall have any liability with respect to loss or
`damage caused or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information con-
`tained herein.
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
`the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data
`base or retrieval system, without the prior written permisssion of the pub-
`lisher.
`
`1234567890 DOCIDOC 9987'6543
`
`ISBN 0-07-031488-8 (HC)
`ISBN 0-0?-031489-6 (PB K)
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Daniel A. Gonneau and the
`production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley dc Sorts Company.
`
`Tenth Edition (August 1993)
`
`This is a major revision of the IBM Dictionary of Computing, SC20-1699-8,
`which is made obsolete by this edition. Changes are made periodically to the
`information provided herein.
`
`It is possible that this material may contain reference to, or information about,
`IBM products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are
`not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be
`construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products, pro-
`gramming, or services in your country. Comments maybe addressed to IBM
`Corporation, Department E37f656, P. 0. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park,
`NC 27709.
`
`International Edition
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. Exclusive
`rights by McGraw-I-Iill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be
`re-exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The
`International Edition is not available in North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-113383-6.
`
`This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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`
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`
`ccmtact interrogation signal__
`
`{141]
`
`
`contextual help
`
`“3';-
`
`contact interrogation signal A signal whose value
`indicates whether
`a
`contact
`is
`open or
`closed.
`(T)
`(A)
`
`';
`
`. contaCt phase A phase of link activation during
`which negotiation-proceeding XID3s are exchanged
`between the connected link stations to establish the
`Igmary and secondary roles of the link stations,
`the
`TG number to be used, and other characteristics of the
`‘i'_ link, and during which the mode-setting command is
`1" 55m and acknowledged after the primary and the sec-
`ondary roles are established.
`Link activation may
`consist only of the contact phase, or it may also have
`either a connect phase or a prenegotiation phase or
`both preceding the contact phase.
`
`_- .,;;ontact port Synonym for well-known port.
`
`-'-tgflflt3€t protection Protection of a mechanical contact
`ainst overcurrent or overvoltage. (T)
`
`
`
`
`ntainer In SAA Common User Access architecture,
`object
`that holds other objects. A folder is an
`
`_ ample of a container object.
`See also folder and
`.objeCt.
`
`
`
`ntainrnent In the AIX operating system, location of
`
`pointer in the window, and not within an inferior of
`
`the-window, and location of the cursor hotspot within
`‘ visible region of a viewable window or one of its
`eriors. The border of the window is considered part
`, of the window.
`
`
`
`the intermixing
`-..contamination In computer security,
`_' of data having different classification levels or need-
`
`'._ 'to-know levels. The lower level data are said to be
`-"_'eontaminated by the higher level data with the pos—
`
`. sible result that the contaminating data do not receive
`;_
`the required level of protection.
`
`i content-addressable storage Synonym for associative
`
`'-._ storage.
`
`contention (I) In a local area network, a situation in
`' which two or more data stations are allowed by the
`
`medium access control protocol
`to start
`transmitting
`.- concurrently and thus risk collision.
`(T)
`(2)
`In a
`
`'
`session, a situation in which both network accessible
`
`units (NAUs) attempt to initiate the same action at the
`
`same time, such as when both attempt to send data in
`'___ a half-duplex protocol
`(half-duplex contention), or
`
`_- both attempt
`to start a bracket (bracket contention).
`
`At session initiation, one NAU is defined to be the
`
`contention winner;
`its action will
`take precedence
`
`. When contention occurs. The contention loser must
`
`" get explicit or implicit permission from the contention
`
`Winner to begin its action.
`(3) In ACFITCAM, any
`
`point-to-point line configuration in which the station
`
`on the line does not use polling and addressing charac-
`ters.
`(4) For BSC, the state that exists after the EOT
`
`
`
`character has been received or sent and before a BID
`command is complete.
`
`contention-loser session
`To a network accessible
`unit (NAU), a session for which it was defined during
`session initiation to be the contention loser.
`
`contention mode In data connnunication, a mode of
`transmission in which any station may transmit when-
`ever the line is available.
`If stations transmit simul-
`
`taneously,
`contention.
`
`protocols
`
`determine who wins
`
`the
`
`contention polarity The role of each LU when con-
`tention occurs for use of a session. One LU is the
`contention winner and the other LU is the contention
`loser.
`
`contention state In data communications, a condition
`of a half-duplex line or data link control in which
`either user may transmit any time the line or link is
`available.
`If both users attempt
`to transmit at
`the
`same time, the protocols or the hardware determines
`who can transmit first.
`
`contention system A system in which one or more
`stations compete for use of the line.
`-
`
`contents directory In OSNSZ, a series of queues that
`indicate the routines either in a particular region or in
`the link pack area.
`
`contention-Winner session To a network accessible
`
`unit (NAU), a session for which it was defined during
`session initiation to be the contention winner.
`
`the display or
`list In word processing,
`contents
`printout of a list of available stored information for
`selection by the operator.
`(T)
`
`that shows the
`contents view A view of an object
`contents of the objeCt in list form. Contents views are
`provided for containers, and for any object that has
`container behavior; for example, a device objectsuch
`as a printer. See also composed view, help view.
`
`implied sense in which a
`context (1) A stated or
`thing has meaning, or a category or scope to which it
`applies.
`(2) In System/38, a system object that con-
`tains addressability to system objects by name.
`It is
`used in system pointer resolution to obtain system
`pointers to system objects. See also system object.
`
`context editing A method of editing a line without
`using line numbers. To refer to a particular line, all or
`part of the contents of that line is specified.
`
`contextual help In SAA Common User Access archi"
`tecture, help that gives specific information about the
`item the cursor is on. The help is contextual because
`
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`[295]
`
`gateway
`
`Gantt Chart A graphical representation of a project
`schedule that depicts the time relationship between
`activities.
`
`gap See file gap, interblock gap, interrecord gap.
`
`gap character A character included in a computer
`word for
`technical reasons that does not represent
`data. (I)
`(A)
`
`that optical power loss
`gap loss (1) In fiber optics,
`caused
`by
`a
`space
`between
`axially
`aligned
`fibers. (E)
`See
`also
`coupling
`loss.
`(2) In
`waveguide-to-waveguide coupling, synonymous with
`longitudinal offset loss.
`
`gap seal In the 3800, a plastic material that seals the
`photoconductor gap in the drum.
`The seal can be
`released or removed to permit the photoconductor to
`be advanced or replaced.
`
`gap width The dimension of the air gap between a
`readfwrite head and the surface of the recording
`medium.
`
`garage In MSS, an area at each end of a 3851 Mass
`Storage Facility in which an accessor is stored when
`not in use.
`
`garbage Meaningless data.
`
`garbage collection The process of identifying unused
`areas of main storage.
`(A)
`
`gas panel Synonym for plasma panel.“
`
`gate (1) A combinational circuit that performs an ele~
`mentary logic operation and usually involves one
`output.
`(T)
`(2) A combinational
`logic element
`having at least one input channel.
`(A)
`(3) See AND
`,_ gate,
`EXCLUSIVE-0R
`gate,
`identity
`gate,
`[F-AND—ONLY-IF
`gate,
`lF-THEN
`gate,
`INCLUSIVE-0R gate, majority gate, NAND gate,
`NOR gate, NOT gate, NOT-IF-THEN gate, OR gate,
`threshold gate.
`(4) Synonymous with logic element.
`Note: A gate usually involves one output.
`
`gateway (I) A functional unit that interconnects two
`computer networks with different network architec~
`tures. A gateway connects networks or systems of
`different architectures. A bridge interconnects net—
`works or systems with the same or similar architec-
`tures.
`('1‘)
`(2) In the AIX operating system, an
`entity that operates above the link layer and translates,
`when required, the interface and protocol used by one
`network into those used by another distinct network.
`(3) A network that connects hosts.
`See active
`gateway, exterior gateway, interior gateway, neighbor
`gateWay, passive gateway.
`(4) In TCPflP, a device
`
` G
`
`ten to the ninth power, or 1,000,000,000 in
`G Giga;
`decimal notation. When referring to storage capacity,
`two to the thirtieth power, 1,073,741,824 in decimal
`notation.
`
`g Gram.
`
`GA Go-ahead sequence.
`
`GADDR Group address.
`
`gadget In the AIXwindows program, a windowless
`graphical object
`that
`looks like its equivalent
`like-
`named widget but does not support the translations,
`actions, or pop-up widget children supplied by that
`widget.
`.
`
`ID In the AIXwindows program, a unique
`gadget
`identification number assigned to each instance of a
`gadget used within a given graphical interface.
`
`gaffer In video and film production, a member of a
`production crew,
`typically involved in building and
`striking sets, and in providing general assistance to the
`director.
`
`gain The strength of an analog signal.
`
`GAM Graphics access method.
`
`game port On a personal computer, a port used to
`connect devices such as joysticks and paddles.
`
`gamma correction In AJX graphics, a logarithmic
`assignment of intensities to lookup table entries for
`shading applications.
`' This is required because the
`human eye perceives intensities logarithmically rather
`than linearly.
`
`gamma ramp In AIX graphics, a set of three lookup
`tables, one for each of the colors red, green, and blue,
`attached to the electron guns of the monitor. See also
`color ramp, gamma correction.
`
`gang punch To punch identical hole patterns into
`each punch card of a card deck. (I)
`(A)
`
`
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`Generalized Markup Language (GML)
`[296]
`
`gateway-capable host
`gather In inputloutput operations,
`to read data from
`noncontiguous memory locations to write to a device.
`Contrast with scatter.
`
`used to connect two systems that use either the same
`or different communications protocols.
`(5) The com—
`bination of machines and programs
`that provide
`address translation, name translation, and system ser-
`vices control point
`(SSCP)
`rerouting between inde»
`pendent SNA networks to allow these networks to
`communicate.
`A gateway consists of one gateway
`NCP and at
`least one gateway VTAM.
`(6) In the
`IBM Token-Ring Network, a device and its associated
`software that connect a local area network to another
`local area network or a host that uses different logical
`link protocols.
`(7) See also bridge, LAN gateway,
`relay, SNA network interconnect.
`
`gateway-capable host A host node that has a defined
`NETID and SSCPNAME, but does not perform
`gateway control
`functions,
`such as cross-network
`session initiation and termination.
`
`gateway control functions Functions performed by a
`gateway system services control point (SSCP) in con-
`junction with the gateway NCP to assign alias network
`address pairs for LU-LU sessions, assign virtual routes
`for the LU-LU sessions in adjacent networks, and
`translate network names within BIND RUs.
`
`gateway host (1) In the ADC operating system, a host
`that connects independent networks.
`It has multiple
`interfaces, each with a different name and address.
`(2) In the NetView program, a host node that contains
`a gateway system services control point (SSCP). See
`gateway-capable host.
`
`gateway NCP In the NetView program, a network
`control program (NCP) that performs address trans-
`lation to allow cross—network session traffic.
`The
`gateway NCP connects two or more independent SNA
`networks. Synonymous with gateway node.
`
`gateway node (1) A node that is an interface between
`networks.
`(2) Synonym for gateway NCP.
`
`gateway SSCP Synonym for gateway VTAM.
`
`(GGP) In the AIX
`Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol
`operating system, the protocol with which a gateway
`determines connectivity to networks and neighbor
`gateways and implements the shortest-path routing
`algorithm.
`
`gateway VTAM An SSCP that is capable of cross-
`network session initiation, termination, takedown, and
`session outage notification. A gateway VTAM is in
`session with the gateway NCP;
`it provides network
`name translation and assists the gateway NCP in
`setting up alias network addresses for cross-network
`sessions. Synonymous with gateway SSCP.
`
`GB Gigabyte.
`
`GC Graphics context.
`
`GC caching In the AIX Enhanced X-Windows
`program, a process that allows independent change
`requests to be merged into one protocol request.
`
`GContext Graphics context.
`
`SystemJ'fiOOO 7016 POWERstation
`GCP (1) RISC
`730 Graphics Processor Subsystem Graphics Control
`Processor.
`(2) Graphics Control Processor.
`
`a magnetic
`recording,
`code
`GCR Group
`recording format with a density of 6250 bpi.
`
`tape
`
`GCS Group control system.
`
`_GDDM Graphical data display manager.
`
`GDF Graphics data file.
`
`GDF file Graphics data format file.
`
`GDG Generation data group.
`
`GDS General data stream.
`
`GE Greater than or equal to. See relational operator.
`
`time when the
`(GA) The
`General Availability
`product and all ship group material may be ordered by
`all customers.
`
`general data stream (GDS) The data stream used for
`conversations in LU 6.2 sessions.
`
`general data stream (GDS) variable A type of RU
`substructure that is preceded by an identifier and a
`length field and includes either application data, user
`control data, or SNA-defined control data.
`
`General help In SAA Advanced Common User
`Access architecture, a choice that gives a user a brief
`overview of each action or task, or both, that a user
`can perform within a window.
`
`generalized interactive executive (GIX) A function
`of
`the NetView Distribution Manager
`licensed
`program that provides the host system user with inter—
`active use of NetView Distribution Manager.
`
`Generalized Markup Language (GML) (1) A high
`level formatting expression that, when processed by
`the DOCUMENT command, expands into one or more
`
`
`
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`Rift-ssh
`
`[566]
`
`..
`
`
`registration
`
`repeatedly producing a display image on a display
`surface so that the image remains visible. (I)
`(A)
`(3) To recharge a memory location in volatile memOry
`with an electric current so that
`it retains a state or
`
`region job pack area (JPA) In OSNSZ, an area in a
`virtual region that contains modules that are not in the
`link pack area but are needed for the execution of
`jobs.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`
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`
`
`
`binary value.
`
`(4) See system refresh.
`
`Refresh In SAA Basic Common User Access archi-
`tecture, an action that updates the information that a
`user is currently looking at.
`
`refreshable The attribute of a load module that pre—
`vents it from being modified by itself or by any other
`module during executiou. A refreshable load module
`can be replaced by a new copy during execution by a
`recovery management routine without changing either
`the sequence or results of processing.
`
`refreshable program A program that can be replaced
`at any time with a new copy without changing either
`the sequence or results of processing.
`
`refresh rate (1) The number of times per second that
`a display image is produced for refresh. (I)
`(A)
`(2) In word processing, the rate at which a displayed
`image is renewed in order to appear stable. (T)
`
`regenerate (1) To restore information to its original
`state.
`(2) To recharge a dissipating storage device to
`its fully charged state.
`
`regeneration (1) In computer graphics, the sequence
`of events needed to generate a display image from its
`representation in storage. (I)
`(A)
`(2) The restora-
`tion of stored information.
`(3) See signal regener-
`ation.
`
`regenerative track Part of a track on a magnetic
`drum or magnetic disk used in conjunction with a read
`head and a write head that are connected to function
`
`circulating
`a
`as
`revolver track.
`
`storage. (A) Synonymous with
`
`region A variable-size subdivision of a dynamic area
`that is allocated to a job step or a system task.
`
`regional center A control center (class 1 office) con-
`necting sectional centers of the telephone system
`together. Every pair of regional centers in the United
`States has a direct circuit group running from one
`center to the other.
`
`the class assigned to a
`region class In MSNS,
`message region to indicate the message classes that
`can be processed within the region. See also message
`class.
`
`region centrol
`program routine
`LOGONILOGOFF.
`
`the control
`task (RCT) In TSO,
`that handles quiescelrestore
`and
`
`region Size The amount of main storage available for
`a program to run. See also job region, step region.
`
`register (I) A part of internal storage having a specir
`fied storage capacity and usually intended for a Spe-
`cific purpose.
`(T)
`(2) In DPCX, a field capable of
`containing 10 digits, a sign, and a decimal point, that
`can be used by a program for arithmetic calculations
`and for program control.
`(3) On a document c0pying
`machine, to accurately position the image of the orj_
`ginal on the copy material.
`(T)
`
`registered network ID An 8-byte name included in
`an IBM-maintained worldwide registry that has a
`structured format and is assigned to a particular IBM
`customer to uniquely identify a specific network.
`
`register guides In a document COpying machine, indi—
`cators on or near the platen that help position the ori-
`ginal correctly. (T)
`
`register insertion In a ring network cenfiguration, a
`ring control scheme in which each station loads the
`frame it is transmitting into a shift register and, when
`the ring is idle, inserts the entire contents of the reg-
`ister into the ring. The sending station removes the
`register contents from the ring when it is returned by
`the receiving station.
`See also master node control,
`slotted-ring control, token-access centrol.
`
`register
`register. (I)
`
`length The
`(A)
`
`storage
`
`capacity
`
`of
`
`a
`
`registrable resource A logical unit that can be regis-
`tered with a network node server, a central directory
`server, or both.
`
`registration (1) The accurate positioning of an entity
`relative to a reference. (A)
`(2) On a document
`copying machine,
`the consistency of register on suc-
`cessive copies. (T)
`(3) In a duplicator, the consist-
`ency of the relative position of images printed on
`paper. (T)
`(4) In X25, the process used between a
`data terminal equipment
`(DTE) and a data circuit
`terminating equipment
`(DCE)
`to establish an agree-
`ment on which optional user facilities will be in effect:
`for example, the DTE can request that the DCE agree
`to or stop a previous agreement for an optional user
`facility. Also, a DCE can indicate the optional user
`facilities that are available or the optional user facili-
`ties that are currently in effect.
`The negotiation IS
`accomplished through the exchange of
`registratiqfl
`packets.
`(5) In the ImagePlus system, the final step In
`the process of storing an object. Registration repres-
`ents a positive identification of the object based on £116
`
`
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