DHPN-1014
`Dell Inc. vs. Electronics and Telecommunications, IPR2013-00635
`Page 1 of 3
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`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. —— 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7394—0880—1
`
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 MLML 432109
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspressmicrosoftcom.
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`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX
`Authenticode, BackOffice, DirectInput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENDC are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
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`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
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`DHPN-1014 / Page 2 of 3
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`DHPN-1014 / Page 2 of 3
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`[(1 and might in—
`workstations and
`
`1g individuals
`archiving files,
`nd other security
`.ared resources,
`
`ipment. See also
`
`rlying structure of
`rdware, functional
`lsed to establish
`iable transfer of
`:s are designed to
`lysical standards for
`omrnunications
`twithout conflict.
`.st, including the
`yer ISO Open Sys-
`>1 and IBM’s Sys—
`.). See also ISO/OSI
`
`:rface card.
`
`computing environ-
`)r servers represent
`1e “third wave” in
`tinframe and desktop
`:omputing establishes
`mputing power, to
`rrk—based applica—
`rk-centric computing
`:installed or unin—
`Jp; they are accessed
`lSiS. Thus, individual
`to maintain large
`and manage applica-
`
`>r designed for use on
`(1 storage are provided
`, unlike dumb termi-
`power, but their de-
`age, and they depend
`ions. Acronym: NC.
`
`. a communications
`11116 computer, a pro-
`:ommunications con-
`lcations tasks such as
`
`main computer free for other functions. See also
`communications controller.
`
`networked directory n. See network directory.
`networked drive 71. See network drive.
`
`Network Control Protocol n. See Point-to-Point
`Protocol.
`
`network database n. 1. A database that runs in a net-
`work. 2. A database containing the address of other
`users in the network. 3. In information management,
`a type of database in which data records can be re-
`lated to one another in more than one way. A network
`database is similar to a hierarchical database in the
`sense that it contains a progression from one record
`to another. It differs in being less rigidly structured:
`any single record can point to more than one other
`record and, conversely, can be pointed to by one or
`more records. In effect, a network database allows
`more than one path between any two records,
`whereas a hierarchical database allows only one,
`from parent (higher—level record) to child (lower-
`level record). Compare hierarchical database, rela-
`tional database.
`
`Network Data Management Protocol n. See NDMP.
`
`network device driver n. Software that coordinates
`communication between the network adapter card
`and the computer’s hardware and other software,
`controlling the physical function of the network
`adapter card.
`
`Network Device Interface Specification n. See NDIS.
`
`network directory n. On a local area network, a di-
`rectory on a disk that is located on a computer other
`than the one the user is operating. A network direc-
`tory differs from a network drive in that the user has
`access to only that directory. Whether the rest of the
`disk is accessible to the user depends on whether he
`or she has been granted access rights by the network
`administrator. On the Macintosh, a network directory
`is referred to as a shared folder. Also called net-
`worked directory, shared directory. See also network
`‘ drive, shared folder.
`Work drive n. On a local area network, a disk
`drive whose disk is available to other computers on
`the network. Access to a network drive might not be
`mowed to all users of the network; many operating
`”stems contain security provisions that enable a net-
`er administrator to grant or deny access to part or
`‘ l 0f a network drive. Also called networked drive.
`, also network directory.
`
`Network File System n. See NFS.
`
`network information center n. See NIC (definition 2).
`network interface card n. An expansion card or other
`device used to provide network access to a computer
`or other device, such as a printer. Network interface
`cards mediate between the computer and the physical
`media, such as cabling, over which transmissions
`travel. Acronym: NIC. Also called network adapter,
`network card.
`
`network latency n. The time it takes for information
`to be transferred between computers in a network.
`
`network layer 71. The third of the seven layers in the
`150/081 reference model for standardizing computer—
`to-computer communications. The network layer is
`one level above the data-link layer and ensures that
`information arrives at its intended destination. It is
`the middle of the three layers (data-link, network,
`and transport) concerned with the actual movement
`of information from one device to another. See the
`illustration. See also ISO/OSI reference model.
`
`ISO/OS! MODEL
`Focus
`
`Program-to—program transfer
`of information
`
`Text formatting and display, code
`conversion
`
`Establishing, maintaining, and
`coordinating communication
`
`Accurate delivery, service quality
`; *Trfianspdrt routedmeseage
`_, handiing and transfer
`-
`Coding, addressing, and
`transmitting information
`Hardware connections
`
`ISO/OS! Layer
`Application
`3 (highest level)
`
`Presentation
`
`Session
`
`Transport
`‘ Em
`
`
`I‘Datalink L
`
`.
`
`,
`
`Physical
`
`Network layer.
`
`network meltdown n. See broadcast storm, melt-
`down.
`
`network model n. A database structure, or layout,
`similar to a hierarchical model, except that records
`can have multiple parent records as well as multiple
`child records. A database management system that
`
`309
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