i
`
`\ MicmsoftePress
`
`Page 1 of 3
`
`Dell Inc. v. Electronics and Telecommunications, lPR2013—00635
`
`DH PN-1 01 0
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7394-0880-1
`
`.
`
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America
`
`23456739 MLML 432109
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A ClZP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site atW
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and True'I‘ype fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform. ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, Directlnput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS. MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual I++, Web'I'V, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States andfor other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies. organizations, products, people. and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person. or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`DHPN-1010 I Page 2 of 3
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`line. As the signal quality improves or deteriorates
`while a transmission line is being used,- the transmis-
`sion speed is adjusted accordingly. See also ADSL,
`xDSL.
`'
`
`rag n. Irregularity along the left or right edge of a set
`of lines of text on a printed page. Rag complements
`justification, in which one or both edges of the text
`form a straight vertical line. See the illustration. See
`also justify, ragged left,‘ ragged right.
`Ragged rlght
`Justified
`”II-law mum-
`mun-nun an...“
`aunt».— m
`qunmw— u—nnlu
`“mu. “Mn-r w...
`“Inluwnvt-fl‘r-
`uncl-wp-‘mu-m .
`an...“ ohm—urn“..-
`m n --m.. u...
`— _. mum in
`..... mama... #-
`mm nun—mum.
`m mammal"
`“gum...
`n... Wan-nil
`
`u
`
`flagged left
`m..._—.n-
`...M-a..m—— an...
`-meumun—
`win—um“...
`mums-mun.“
`.u‘-... “nu—nun
`mum-
`flum‘ mun-u-
`
`.
`
`hardware devices. The storage locations can be ac-
`cessed in any order. Note that the various types of
`ROM memory are capable of random access but can-
`not be written to. The term RAM, however, is gonor-
`ally understood to refer to volatile memory that can.
`be written to as well as read. Compare core, EPROM,
`flash memory, PROM, ROM (definition 2).
`RAMAC \ram’ak\ n. 1. Acronym for Random Access
`Method of Accounting Control. Developed by an
`IBM team led by Reynold B. Johnson, RAMAC was
`the first computer disk drive. It was introduced in
`1956. The original RAMAC consisted of a stack of
`50 24-inch platters. with a storage capacity of five
`megabytes and an average access time of one second,
`2. A high-speed, high-capacity disk storage system
`introduced by IBM in 1994. Based on the original
`RAMAC storage device, it was designed to fulfill
`enterprise requirements for efficient and fault-
`tolerant storage.
`RAM cache \ram’ kash\ a. Short for random access
`
`memory cache. Cache memory that is used by the
`system to store and retrieve data from the RAM. Fre-
`quently accessed segments of data may be stored in
`the cache for quicker access compared with secondary
`storage devices such as disks. See also cache, RAM.
`RAM card :1. Short for random access memory card.
`An add-in circuit board containing RAM memory
`and the interface logic necessary to decode memory
`addresses.
`'
`
`RAM cartridge :1. See memory cartridge.
`RAM chip n. Short for random access memory chip.
`A semiconductor storage device. RAM chips can be
`either dynamic or static memory. See also dynamic
`RAM, RAM, static RAM.
`'
`
`RAM compression :1. Short for random access
`memory compression. This technology was an at-
`tempt by a number of software vendors to solve the
`problem of running out of global memory under
`Windows 3.x. Compression of the usual contents 0‘
`RAM may lessen the system‘s need to read or write
`to virtual (hard disk-based) memory and thus sped
`up the system, as virtual memory is much slower
`than physical RAM. Because of the falling prim d
`RAM and the introduction of operating system! “
`
`
`handle RAM more efficiently. such as Window! ’30
`RAID array \rt’td’o-ra‘\ a. See RAID.
`
`
`Windows NT, and OSIZ, RAM compression it #’
`RAM \ram\ a. Acronym for random access memory.
`ally used only on older PCs. See also computin-
`
`
`Semiconductor-based memory that can be read and
`RAM, Windows.
`
`
`written by the central processing unit (CPU) or other
`
`
`372
`
`DHPN-1010 I Page 3 of 3
`
`!
`
`'
`
`_
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rag.
`
`ragged left adj. 0f, relating to, or being lines of text
`whose left ends are not vertically aligned but form
`an irregular edge. Text may be right-justified and
`have a ragged left margin. Ragged-left text is used
`_ infrequentlyfltypically, 'for visual effect in adver-
`tisements. See also rag, right-justify.
`.
`
`_ ragged right adj. 0f, relating to, or being lines of text
`whose right ends are not vertically aligned but form
`an irregular edge. Letters and other word-processed
`documents are commonly left-justified, with ragged-
`right margins. See also left-justify, rag.
`
`RAID \rftd\ n. Acronym for redundant array of inde-
`pendent disks (formerly called redunth array of
`inexpensive disks). A data storage method in which
`data, along with information used for error correc-
`tion, such as parity bits or Hamming codes, is distrib-
`uted among two or more hard disks in order to
`improve performance and reliability. The hard disk
`array is governed by array management software and
`a disk controller, which handles the error correction.
`RAID is generally used on network servers. Several
`defined levels of RAH) offer differing trade-offs
`among access speed, reliability, and cost. See also
`disk controller, error-carrection coding, Hamming
`code, hard disk, parity bit, server (definition 1).
`
`
`
`
`
`