-
`D1ct10nary
`of Science and
`
`TechnologY
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`Edited by
`Christopher Morris
`
`Academic Press
`
`Harcourt Brace Iovanovieh, Publishers
`
`San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
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`

`

`
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`..-+mirth-LA.
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`a..m.11-4113
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`This book is printed on acid—free paper. @
`
`Copyright © 1992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
`All Rights Reserved.
`No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
`means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
`storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
`
`Academic Press, Inc.
`[250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101-4311
`
`United Kingdom Edition published by
`Academic Press Limited
`ZLZS Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Public ation Data
`
`Academic Press dictionary of science and technology 1' edited by
`Christopher Morris
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0712720040070
`2. TechnologyuDictionaIies.
`1. Science—-Dictionaries.
`II. Academic Press.
`111. Title:
`I. Morris, Christopher G.
`Dictionary of science and technology.
`0123.A33
`1991
`503——dc20
`
`.
`PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
`929394959697 D0987654321
`
`90—29032
`CIP
`
`

`

`impulse solenoid Electromagnetism. a solenoid that operates on
`inadequate personality Psychology. a disorder in which aninsisce‘
`pulsed signals rather than continuous wave power; employed in high-
`
`has little physical or emotional stamina and exhibits a marked iii" on
`
`
`to adapt to social situations.
`ant l
`speed devices such as shutters, punches, or tape drives.
`impulse strength Electricity. the ability of insulation to withstand
`lnadunata Paleontology. a class of crinoids that contains man ”568
`
`geneous forms difficult to classify; ancestral to the Flexibilia find-ior
`l
`voltage surges lasting only microseconds.
`
`ulata; extant in the Lower Ordovician to Middle Triassic.
`impulse tachometer Engineering. a tachometer that measures the rate
`of pulses emitted by a shaft that generates one puise per rotation.
`inadunaie Invertebrate Zoology. of crinoids, having arms free “filial:
`
`impulse theory Acoustics. a theory stating that sound is created by a
`calyx.
`m1:
`brief disturbance or pressure change in an acoustic medium, thereby
`in-and-out bond Civil Engineering. a masonry bond made ()va : an
`
`creating waves of this disturbance in the medium.
`alternating stretchers and headers, used especially at corners.
`impulse train Control Systems. an input consisting of an unending se
`gniz
`inanimate Science. not alive; lacking animation.
`
`ries of imputses that are equally spaced in time.
`inanition Medicine. a condition that is marked by weakngss erratl
`
`impulse transmission Telecommunications. a method of signaiing
`
`tion, weight loss, and decreased metabolism, as a result of a 135k GE wit
`
`that uses impulses of either or both polarities for transmission to indi-
`or an inabiiity to assimilate food.
`93:,
`
`cate signal transitions.
`in antis Architecture. between antae, as columns in a portico.
`I’
`impulse turbine Mechanical Engineering. a turbine that moves pres-
`inaperturate Biology. describing pollen grains that lack gel-min-
`
`surized steam into a stationary nozzle where its potential energy is con-
`inapparent infection Virology. a viral infection that does notgit' an
`
`verted to kinetic energy that is directed onto blades carried by a rotor.
`to cytopathic effects in cells, or to signs or symptoms in animals
`glen
`
`impulse-type telemeter Telecommunications. a telemeter that uses
`inappetence Medicine. lack of appetite.
`
`characteristics of intermittent electrical signals other than their fre
`inarch Botany. to graft a growing branch to a stock without sap «
`
`the branch from its parent stock.
`_
`_
`quency as the translating means.
`impulse voltage Electricity. a highevoltage impulse lasting only this
`
`lnarticulata Invertebrate Zoology. a class of marine bivalves,
`
`croscconds, produced by an impulse generator and used to test the
`phylum Brachiopoda, characterized by shells that are held together
`
`
`by muscles and soft tissues.
`-
`strength of insulators and power equipment against lightning and other
`surges.
`inarticulale Invertebrate Zoology. having no segments or joints.
`
`impulsion Psychology. the tendency to act immediately in response to
`inarticulo motis Medicine. at the exact point of death.
`'
`inattention see SELECTIVE lNATTENTION.
`-
`internal drives, Without reflection or forethought. Also, impulsivity, im
`
`
`pulsiveness.
`'
`inaxon Neurology. a nerve cell having an axon that divides into'l
`
`
`filaments at a considerable distance from the cell nucleus.
`"
`impulsive Psychology. 1. relating to or governed by impulse. 2. of or
`relating to an impulse disorder.
`inboard Engineering. 1. located inside the hull or bulwatks or
`
`impulsive sound equation Acoustics. an equation stating the rela-
`ship, or aircraft. 2. closer or closest to the longitudinal axis of'a I
`
`
`tionship between the decay of short—burst sound intensity in a room and
`aircraft. 3. generally, toward the center or inside.
`.'
`
`the characteristics of the room.
`inboard profile Naval Architecture. a side cutaway drawing 0
`impure Science. contaminated by or mixed with a foreign substance.
`sel, showing the interior arrangement.
`
`impure flutter Cardiology. a combination of atrial flutter and another
`inbond Civil Engineering. the bricks or stones laid as the header
`
`
`a wall.
`_
`rhythm.
`
`impurity Science. 1. a foreign substance that contaminates something
`inborn Biology. naturally present at birth. Behavior. deScribingti
`
`
`pure. 2. the condition of being impure. Solid—State Physics. a substance
`ior pattern that is instinctive and not acquired or learned.
`.
`
`that is incorporated into a semiconductor material and provides free
`inborn error Genetics. a hereditary biochemical condition tlu
`
`
`electrons (netype impurity) or holes {p-type impurity).
`impurity band Solid-State Physics. an energy band that exists outside
`
`of the normal band scheme, and that arises from orbital overlap of im-
`inbred Agriculture. of or relating to a plant or animal that is'th
`
`
`purities in a solid.
`inbreeding.
`'
`impurity level Solid-State Physics. an energy level, associated with the
`inbred strain Genetics. a stock of organisms that are essential
`
`energy of a set of impurities in a solid, that is not part of the normal
`cal, except for sexual differences, as a result of inbreeding.
`-
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`band scheme.
`
`inbreeding Genetics. 1. the reproduction of closely related plat-its
`
`impurity semiconductor SolideStute Physics. an extrinsic semicon-
`imals. 2. the crossing of closely related plants or anima '
`
`ductor that has been doped with an impurity giving rise to impurity lev-
`species.
`'
`'
`
`els.
`inbreeding coefficient Genetics. 1. the probability'othon
`
`MS or l.M.S. International Metallographic Society.
`that results when the zygote obtains copies of the same'anc‘e‘sttal
`
`IMV intermittent mandatory ventilation.
`2. the percentage of loci at which an individual is homozygillis'
`lMVlC tests Microbiology. a group of four biochemical tests, namely
`inbreeding depression Genetics. the decrease in vigor that!"
`
`
`indole, methyl red, Eoges-Proskauer, and citrate, used in the identifica-
`accompanies a program of extensive inbreeding.
`'-
`tion of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
`incalesoent Physics. growing warm; increasing in heat. .'
`__
`
`in Artificial Intelligence. in a truth maintenance system, describing a
`incandescence Optics. the glowing emission of ligh ”that
`gives off at a high temperature.
`'
`-
`:
`
`proposition that is currently believed or supported.
`incandescent lamp Electricity. a light bulb with at
`In the chemical symbol for indium.
`
`
`in— a prefix meaning: 1. in or into, as in incubate. 2.. not, as in incoher-
`ment, usually of tungsten, that can be heated until it glows Vii}?
`ent.
`
`
`the filament is enclosed in an evacuated bulb to prevent or] :
`‘1"?
`
`in. or in inch.
`[NA or I.N.A. International Neurological Association.
`
`inactivate Science. to render inactive; destroy the activity of.
`inactivated vaccine Immunology. a vaccine that has been treated by
`
`Gas
`physical means (such as heating) or chemical agents, so that its compo-
`
`nent microorganisms no longer have the ability to cause disease.
`
`inactivation Virology. the loss of a virus’s ability to compiete an infeca
`tion.
`
`
`inactivation center Genetics. an area on an X chromosome that inacti—
`vates adjacent loci in the inactivated copy of the X chromosome.
`inactive current see REACTTV'E CURRENT.
`
`inactive front Meteorology. a weather front that is characterized by lit—
`Exhaust
`tle cloudiness and an absence of precipitation. Also, PASSIVE FRONT.
`tube
`
`inactive tartaric acid see RACEMic ACID.
`inactive volcano Volcanology. a volcano having no known history of
`
`eruption.
`incandescent lamp
`
`
`
`
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`impulse solenoid
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`1 092
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`incandescent [ides
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