(12) United States Patent
`Dunlop et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006649155Bl
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,649,155 Bl
`*Nov. 18, 2003
`
`(54) ANTI-DANDRUFF AND CONDITIONING
`SHAMPOOS CONTAINING CERTAIN
`CATIONIC POLYMERS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: David Scott Dunlop, Mason, OH (US);
`Vicente Eduardo Leyba, Caracas (VE)
`
`(73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company,
`Cincinnati, OH (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis(cid:173)
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/558,466
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Apr. 25, 2000
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`( 60) Provisional application No. 60/132,868, filed on May 3,
`1999.
`Int. Cl? ............................. A61K 7/08; A61K 7/06
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. .................. 424/70.27; 424/70.1; 424/70.8;
`424/70.11; 424/70.12; 424/70.13; 424/70.22
`(58) Field of Search ............................... 424/70.1, 70.8,
`424/70.22, 70.11, 70.12, 70.13, 70.27
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,580,853 A
`4,557,928 A
`5,037,818 A
`5,085,857 A
`5,104,645 A *
`RE34,584 E
`5,543,074 A
`5,624,666 A
`5,723,112 A
`5,747,435 A
`5,756,436 A
`5,776,871 A
`5,837,661 A
`5,854,266 A
`5,876,705 A
`5,935,561 A
`5,977,036 A
`5,977,038 A
`6,010,990 A
`
`5/1971
`12/1985
`8/1991
`2/1992
`4/1992
`4/1994
`8/1996
`4/1997
`3/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`7/1998
`11/1998
`12/1998
`3/1999
`8/1999
`* 11/1999
`11/1999
`1!2000
`
`Parr an ........................ 252/152
`Glover . ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. . 424/70
`Sime .......................... 514/183
`Reid et a!. .................... 424/70
`Cardin et a!. ................. 424/70
`Grote eta!. ................ 252/142
`............... 510/122
`Hague et a!.
`Coffindaffer et a!.
`......... 424/70
`Bowser et a!. ................ 424/70
`Patel .......................... 510/119
`............... 510/122
`Royce et a!.
`Cothran et a!. . ... ... ... ... 150/122
`Evans et a!. ................ 510/122
`Nelson, Jr ................... 514/345
`Uchiyama et a!. ............ 424/70
`Inman et a!.
`............ 424/70.19
`Guskey ...................... 510/121
`Birtwistle et a!.
`.......... 510/122
`Rousso et a!. .............. 510/124
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`wo
`
`060611
`093541
`117135
`173259
`497163
`530974
`432951
`800814
`58-029900
`05-310540
`10-175827
`wo 93/08787
`wo 95/09599
`96/29983
`wo 97/26854
`97/35542
`wo 98/16189
`wo 98/18439
`wo 98/52927
`wo 99/26585
`99/39683
`99/66886
`
`1!1982
`4/1983
`2/1984
`8/1985
`8/1992
`8/1992
`10/1993
`10/1997
`2/1983
`11/1992
`6/1998
`5/1993
`4/1995
`10/1996
`7/1997
`10/1997
`4/1998
`5/1998
`11/1998
`6/1999
`8/1999
`12/1999
`
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`C11D/3/37
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`.......... A61K/7/075
`............ A61K/7/06
`............ A61K/7/06
`.......... A61K/7/075
`.......... A61K/7/075
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/50
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`......... C07D/241!36
`A61K/7/00
`A61K/7/06
`A61K/7/06
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`The Merck Index "An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs,
`and Biologicals"; Eleventh Edition; p. 4484. *
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner-Thurman K. Page
`Assistant Examiner-S. Tran
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Andrew A Paul; Brent M.
`Peebles
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Disclosed are shampoo compositions that provide a superior
`combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning, and
`a method of cleansing and conditioning the hair comprising
`applying to the hair an effective amount of said composi(cid:173)
`tions. The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos com(cid:173)
`prise: (A) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the
`composition, of an anionic surfactant; (B) from about 0.01%
`to about 10%, by weight of the composition, of a non(cid:173)
`volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about 0.1% to about
`4%, by weight of the composition, of an anti-dandruff
`particulate; (D) from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight of
`the composition, of a cationic guar derivative; (i) wherein
`said cationic guar derivative has a molecular weight from
`about 50,000 to about 700,000; and (ii) wherein said cationic
`guar derivative has a charge density from about 0.05 meq/g
`to about 1.0 meq/g; and (E) water.
`
`EP
`
`007704
`
`6/1979
`
`A61K/7/06
`
`23 Claims, No Drawings
`
`1
`
`

`

`US 6,649,155 Bl
`
`1
`ANTI-DANDRUFF AND CONDITIONING
`SHAMPOOS CONTAINING CERTAIN
`CATIONIC POLYMERS
`
`This application claims benefit of No. 60/132,868 filed 5
`May 3, 1999.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to shampoo compositions
`which provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff effi(cid:173)
`cacy and conditioning. These compositions contain anionic
`surfactants, conditioning agents, anti -dandruff particulates,
`cationic polymers, and water. The cationic polymers have
`certain molecular weight and charge density parameters that
`provide improved efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoo com(cid:173)
`positions.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`2
`dandruff active are much more predictive of efficacy than
`efficiency of deposition of the active on the hair or scalp. In
`fact, Applicants have found that, in some cases, even when
`an anti-dandruff active deposited very well on the hair and
`scalp, acceptable anti-dandruff efficacy was not achieved.
`Conversely, good anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved in
`situations where the anti-dandruff active had good coverage
`and was highly bioavailable, but did not deposit superiorly
`to the hair or scalp. Thus, in order for a shampoo compo-
`10 sition to provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff
`efficacy and conditioning compared to known shampoo
`compositions, it must meet certain criteria with respect to
`bioavailability and coverage, but it does not necessarily have
`to have the ability to deposit the anti -dandruff active supe-
`15 riorly on the hair or scalp.
`Applicants have further discovered that excellent bio(cid:173)
`availability and coverage of the anti -dandruff active from a
`given shampoo compositions can be achieved if the coac(cid:173)
`ervate formed between the cationic polymer and the anionic
`20 surfactant upon dilution of the shampoo is spreadable and
`flowable, rather than elastic in nature. The nature of the
`coacervate is impacted by the level and types of cationic
`polymer present in the shampoo composition.
`It is an object of the present invention to provide shampoo
`25 compositions which provide a superior combination of anti(cid:173)
`dandruff efficacy and conditioning. It is also an object of the
`present invention to provide a method for cleansing and
`conditioning the hair. These, and other objects, will become
`readily apparent from the detailed description below.
`
`30
`
`Shampoo compositions comprising various combinations
`of detersive surfactants and conditioning agents, especially
`silicone conditioning agents, are known in the art and are
`commercially available. Many of these compositions have
`been found to provide excellent hair cleansing and condi(cid:173)
`tioning performance. For example, Pantene® Shampoo Plus
`Pro-Vitamin Conditioner-in-One formulas which contain
`anionic surfactants, a cationic polymer and silicone condi(cid:173)
`tioning agents provide excellent cleaning, conditioning and
`hair feel benefits upon application to hair.
`Anti-dandruff shampoos are also well known in the art
`and are also commercially available. Anti-dandruff sham(cid:173)
`poos typically incorporate an anti-dandruff active and deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants. Among the preferred type of anti-dandruff
`agents are particulate, crystalline anti-dandruff agents, such
`as sulfur, selenium disulfide and heavy metal salts of pyridi- 35
`nethione. Soluble anti-dandruff agents, such as
`ketoconazole, are also known in the art.
`Anti-dandruff shampoos which also provide conditioning
`benefits are likewise known in the art. For example, U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,624,666 exemplifies and claims shampoo com(cid:173)
`positions which contain anionic surfactants, cationic poly(cid:173)
`mers and zinc pyridinethione as an anti-dandruff agent. U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,624,666 teaches that conditioning agents such as
`silicone fluids can optionally be incorporated into the com-
`positions therein. Head & Shoulders® Dandruff Shampoo
`Plus Conditioner is an example of a marketed product which
`provides both anti-dandruff and conditioning benefits upon
`application of the shampoo to hair.
`Nevertheless, some consumers desire a shampoo which 50
`provides a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy
`and conditioning performance versus currently marketed
`products. Such a superior combination of efficacy and con(cid:173)
`ditioning can be difficult to achieve.
`For example, it was previously believed that excellent 55
`anti-dandruff efficacy could be achieved by utilizing coac(cid:173)
`ervate optimized for deposition efficiency on the hair and
`scalp. Coacervates that deposited more efficiently were
`thought to be preferred for efficacy. Unfortunately, the use of
`the most efficient coacervates to deposit anti-dandruff 60
`actives on the hair or scalp can negatively affect
`conditioriing, specifically clean hair feel. In order to achieve
`good conditioning, the level of anti-dandruff agent could be
`reduced, resulting in good conditioning, but less than opti(cid:173)
`mal anti -dandruff efficacy.
`Applicants have now discovered, however, that,
`surprisingly, bioavailability and coverage of the anti-
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to shampoo compositions
`that provide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy
`and conditioning. These shampoos comprise: (A) from
`about 5% to about 50%, by weight, of an anionic surfactant;
`(B) from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, of a
`non-volatile conditioning agent; (C) from about 0.1% to
`about 4%, by weight, of an anti-dandruff particulate; (D)
`from about 0.02% to about 5%, by weight, of a cationic guar
`derivative; and (E) water. The cationic guar derivative has a
`molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 700,000, and
`has a charge density from about 0.05 meq/g to about 1.0
`meq/g.
`The present invention further relates to a method for
`providing anti-dandruff efficacy and conditioning hair com(cid:173)
`prising applying to the hair and scalp an amount of the
`above-described composition which is effective to provide
`such benefits.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`40
`
`45
`
`The shampoo compositions of the present invention pro(cid:173)
`vide a superior combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and
`conditioning. Such anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo
`compositions can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially
`of the essential elements and limitations of the invention
`described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional
`ingredients, components or limitations described herein.
`Particularly, these compositions comprise anionic
`surfactants, conditioning agents, anti -dandruff particulates,
`cationic guars, and water. Upon dilution, the anionic sur(cid:173)
`factants and cationic guars form a coacervate. The molecular
`weight and charge density of the cationic guar will influence
`65 the bioavailability and coverage of the anti -dandruff particu(cid:173)
`late. This is important for anti-dandruff efficacy and condi-
`tioning.
`
`2
`
`

`

`US 6,649,155 Bl
`
`25
`
`3
`The components, including those which may optionally
`be added, of the shampoo compositions of the present
`invention, as well as methods for preparation, and methods
`for use, are described in detail below.
`I. Components
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions of the present invention comprise an anionic
`surfactant, a conditioning agent, an anti-dandruff particulate,
`a cationic guar derivative, and an aqueous carrier. Each of
`these ingredients is described in detail below.
`A Anionic Surfactant
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions of the present invention comprise from about 5% to
`about 50%, by weight of the composition, preferably from
`about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from about 10% to 15
`about 25%, most preferably from about 12% to about 18%,
`of an anionic detersive surfactant component suitable for
`application to the hair or skin. The anionic detersive surfac(cid:173)
`tant is believed to provide cleaning and lather performance
`to the composition. Additionally, the anionic detersive sur- 20
`factant forms a coacervate, upon aqueous dilution, with the
`cationic polymer component (described below) of the
`present invention. This coacervate is believed to be impor(cid:173)
`tant in providing the efficacy and conditioning benefits
`described herein.
`The anionic detersive surfactant component can comprise
`an anionic detersive surfactant, a zwitterionic or an ampho(cid:173)
`teric detersive surfactant having an attached moiety that is
`anionic at the pH of the composition, or a combination
`thereof, preferably an anionic detersive surfactant. Such
`surfactants should be physically and chemically compatible 30
`with the essential components described herein, and should
`not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or
`performance. Examples of anionic detersive surfactants
`which may be suitably employed in the shampoo composi(cid:173)
`tions herein include, but are not limited to: sulfates, 35
`sulfonates, sarcosinates and sarcosine derivatives.
`1. Sulfates
`Preferred anionic detersive surfactants for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention are the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.
`These surfactants have the respective formulae ROS0 3 M
`and R(C2H4 0)xOS03 M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl from
`about C8 to about C18, x is an integer having a value from
`1 to 10, and M is a cation selected from the group consisting
`of electropositive covalently bonded moieties (e.g.
`ammonium), alkanolamines (e.g. triethanolamine), monova(cid:173)
`lent metals (e.g. sodium or potassium), polyvalent metal
`cations (e.g. magnesium and calcium) and mixtures thereof.
`The cation M should be selected such that the anionic
`detersive surfactant component is water soluble. Solubility 50
`of the surfactant will depend upon the particular anionic
`detersive surfactants and cations chosen.
`to about C18 , more
`Preferably, R is from about C8
`preferably from about C10 to about C16, most preferably
`from about c12 to about c14, in both the alkyl and alkyl ether 55
`sulfates. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as
`condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric
`alcohols from about C8 to about C24. The alcohols can be
`synthetic or they can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil,
`palm kernel oil, and tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain 60
`alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil are
`preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with from 0 to about 10,
`preferably from about 2 to about 5, most preferably about 3,
`moles of ethylene oxide. The resulting mixture of molecular
`species will have, for example, an average of 3 moles of 65
`ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and is sulfated and
`neutralized.
`
`4
`Non-limiting examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may
`be used in the shampoo compositions of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion include sodium and ammonium salts of coconut alkyl
`triethylene glycol ether sulfate, tallow alkyl triethylene
`5 glycol ether sulfate, and tallow alkyl hexa-oxyethylene
`sulfate. Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are those comprising a
`mixture of individual compounds, wherein the compounds
`in the mixture have an average alkyl chain length from about
`C10 to about C16 and an average degree of ethoxylation of
`10 from about 1 to about 4 moles of ethylene oxide.
`Specific examples of preferred alkyl sulfates include, but
`are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium
`cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium cocoyl
`sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, mono(cid:173)
`ethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl
`sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl
`sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof
`Especially preferred is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
`Specific examples of preferred alkyl ether sulfates
`include, but are not limited to, ammonium laureth sulfate,
`potassium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, monoet(cid:173)
`hanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate,
`triethanolamine laureth sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate,
`and mixtures thereof Especially preferred is ammonium
`laureth sulfate.
`Still another class of sulfate surfactants suitable for use in
`the for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoos
`of the present invention are the sulfated glycerides, an
`example of which includes, but is not limited to, lauric
`monoglyceride sodium sulfate.
`2. Sulfonates
`Also suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning
`shampoos of the present invention are those anionic deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants known as olefin sulfonates. As used herein,
`the term "olefin sulfonates" refers to compounds which can
`be produced by the sulfonation of a-olefins by means of
`40 uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of
`the acid reaction mixture in conditions such that any sul(cid:173)
`fones which have been formed in the reaction are hydro(cid:173)
`lyzed to give the corresponding hydroxy-alkanesulfonates.
`The sulfur trioxide can be liquid or gaseous, and is usually,
`45 but not necessarily, diluted by inert diluents, for example by
`liquid so2, chlorinated hydro-carbons, and the like, when
`used in the liquid form, or by air, nitrogen, gaseous so2, and
`the like, when used in the gaseous form. The a-olefins from
`which the olefin sulfonates are derived are mono-olefins
`Which are from about C10 to about C24, preferably from
`about C12 to about C16 . Preferably, they are straight chain
`olefins. In addition to the true alkene sulfonates and a
`proportion of hydroxy-alkanesulfonates, the olefin sul-
`fonates can contain minor amounts of other materials, such
`as alkene disulfonates depending upon the reaction
`conditions, proportion of reactants, the nature of the starting
`olefins and impurities in the olefin stock and side reactions
`during the sulfonation process. A non-limiting example of
`such an a-olefin sulfonate mixture is described in U.S. Pat.
`No. 3,332,880, which description is incorporated herein by
`reference.
`Another class of sulfonates suitable for use in the anti(cid:173)
`dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention are those anionic detersive surfactants
`known as ~-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. These surfactants
`conform to the general Formula (I):
`
`3
`
`

`

`US 6,649,155 Bl
`
`5
`
`6
`
`0
`II
`R-C-N-CH -C -0 -0 -X
`I
`2
`CH3
`
`5
`
`10
`
`where R1 is a straight chain alkyl group from about C6 to
`about C20 , R2 is a lower alkyl group from about C1 to about
`C3 , preferably C1 , and M is a water-soluble cation, as
`described above.
`Still other sulfonates suitable for use in the anti-dandruff
`and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present
`invention are those anionic detersive surfactants known as
`alkyl aryl sulfonates. Non-limiting examples of alkyl aryl
`sulfonates include sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate,
`sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
`Other suitable sulfonates for use in the anti-dandruff and
`conditioning shampoos of the present invention are the
`water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction prod(cid:173)
`ucts conforming to the formula [R1 -S03 -M] where R1 is a
`straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon
`radical from about Cg to about c24, preferably about clO to
`about C18 ; and M is a cation described above. Non-limiting
`examples of such anionic detersive surfactants are the salts
`of an organic sulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon
`of the methane series, including iso-, neo-, and n-paraffins,
`and a sulfonating agent, e.g., S03 , H2S04 , obtained accord(cid:173)
`ing to known sulfonation methods. The sulfonation methods
`may include bleaching and hydrolysis. The salts are prefer(cid:173)
`ably from about C8 to about C24; more preferably from about
`C12 to about C18 . Preferred are alkali metal and ammonium
`sulfonated clO to Cg n-paraffins.
`Still other suitable sulfonates for use in the anti-dandruff
`and conditioning shampoo compositions of the present
`invention are the reaction products of fatty acids, which are
`esterified with isethionic acid, and then neutralized with
`sodium hydroxide. Preferred fatty acids are those derived
`from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Also suitable are the
`sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl
`tauride in which the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil
`or palm kernel oil. Other similar anionic surfactants are
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,486,921; U.S. Pat. No. 2,486,
`922; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,396,278, which descriptions are
`incorporated herein by reference.
`Other sulfonates suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and 50
`conditioning shampoo compositions of the present invention
`are the succinnates, examples of which include, but are not
`limited to, disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, disodium
`lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate,
`tetra so di urn
`N- ( 1, 2- die arbo xye th yl)- N(cid:173)
`octadecylsulfosuccinnate, diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuc(cid:173)
`cinic acid, dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dio(cid:173)
`ctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, and mixtures
`thereof.
`3. Sarcosinates and Sarcosine Derivatives
`Also suitable for use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning
`shampoos of the present invention are those anionic deter(cid:173)
`sive surfactants known as sarcosinates and sarcosine deriva(cid:173)
`tives. Sarcosinates are the derivatives of sarcosine and
`N-methyl glycine, acylated with a fatty acid chloride. They
`conform to the general Formula (II):
`
`wherein RCO- is a fatty acid radical and wherein X is
`either hydrogen (acid form) or a cationic species, such as
`Na+ or TEA+ (salt form). Non-limiting examples of sarco(cid:173)
`sinates and sarcosine derivatives include: sodium lauryl
`sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, and mixtures
`thereof. A preferred sarcosinate is sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
`B. Conditioning Agent
`The anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo composi-
`15 tions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01% to
`about 10%, by weight of the composition, preferably from
`about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1%
`to about 5%, most preferably from about 0.2% to about
`3.5%, of a conditioning agent suitable for application to the
`20 hair or skin. It is believed that the conditioning agent
`provides improved conditioning benefits to the hair, particu(cid:173)
`larly clean hair feel and wet rinse feel.
`The conditioning agent comprises a water insoluble,
`water dispersible, non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified,
`25 liquid particles or are solubilized by the surfactant micelles,
`in the anionic detersive surfactant component (described
`above). Suitable conditioning agents for use in the shampoo
`composition are those conditioning agents characterized
`generally as silicones (e.g. silicone oils, cationic silicones,
`30 silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins),
`organic conditioning oils (e.g. hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins,
`and fatty esters) or combinations thereof, or those condi(cid:173)
`tioning agents which otherwise form liquid, dispersed, par(cid:173)
`ticles in the aqueous surfactant matrix herein. Such condi-
`35 tioning agents should be physically and chemically
`compatible with the essential components of the
`composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair prod(cid:173)
`uct stability, aesthetics or performance.
`The concentration of the conditioning agent in the sham-
`40 poo composition should be sufficient to provide the desired
`conditioning benefits, and as will be apparent to one of
`ordinary skill in the art. Such concentration can vary with
`the conditioning agent, the conditioning performance
`desired, the average size of the conditioning agent particles,
`45 the type and concentration of other components, and other
`like factors.
`1. Silicones
`The conditioning agent of the anti-dandruff and condi(cid:173)
`tioning shampoo compositions of the present invention is
`preferably an insoluble silicone conditioning agent. The
`silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise volatile
`silicone, non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. Pre(cid:173)
`ferred are non-volatile silicone conditioning agents. If vola(cid:173)
`tile silicones are present, it will typically be incidental to
`55 their use as a solvent or carrier for commercially available
`forms of non-volatile silicone materials ingredients, such as
`silicone gums and resins. The silicone conditioning agent
`particles may comprise a silicone fluid conditioning agent
`and may also comprise other ingredients, such as a silicone
`60 resin to improve silicone fluid deposition efficiency or
`enhance glossiness of the hair (especially when high refrac(cid:173)
`tive index (e.g. above about 1.46) silicone conditioning
`agents are used (e.g. highly phenylated silicones).
`The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent typi-
`65 cally ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of
`the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%,
`more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, most pref-
`
`4
`
`

`

`US 6,649,155 Bl
`
`10
`
`7
`erably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples
`of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optional sus(cid:173)
`pending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S. Reis(cid:173)
`sue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat.
`No. 5,106,609, which descriptions are incorporated herein
`by reference. The silicone conditioning agents for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at
`25° C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes
`("csk"), more preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,
`000 csk, even more preferably from about 50,000 to about
`1,500,000 csk, most preferably from about 100,000 to about
`1,500,000 csk.
`The dispersed, silicone conditioning agent particles typi(cid:173)
`cally have a number average particle diameter ranging from
`about 0.01 ,urn to about 50 ,urn. For small particle application
`to hair, the number average particle diameters typically
`range from about 0.01 ,urn to about 4 ,urn, preferably from
`about 0.01 ,urn to about 2 ,urn, more preferably from about
`0.01 ,urn to about 0.5 ,urn. For larger particle application to
`hair, the number average particle diameters typically range
`from about 4 ,urn to about 50 ,urn, preferably from about 6 ,urn
`to about 30 ,urn, more preferably from about 9 ,urn to about
`20 ,urn, most preferably from about 121 ,urn to about 181 ,urn.
`Conditioning agents having an average particle size of less
`than about 5 ,urn may deposit more efficiently on the hair. It
`is believed that small size particles of conditioning agent are
`contained within the coacervate that is formed between the
`anionic surfactant component (described above) and the
`cationic polymer component (described below), upon dilu(cid:173)
`tion of the shampoo.
`Background material on silicones including sections dis(cid:173)
`cussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as manu(cid:173)
`facture of silicones, are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer
`Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204--308, John
`Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), incorporated herein by reference. 35
`i. Silicone Oils
`Silicone fluids include silicone oils, which are flowable
`silicone materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25° C.,
`less than 1,000,000 csk, preferably from about 5 csk to about
`1,000,000 csk, more preferably from about 10 csk to about
`100,000 csk. Suitable silicone oils for use in the anti(cid:173)
`dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl
`siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane
`copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, non(cid:173)
`volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties
`may also be used.
`Silicone oils include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes
`which conform to the following Formula (III):
`
`45
`
`8
`silicones remain fluid at room temperature, are hydrophobic,
`are neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when
`applied to the hair, are compatible with the other compo(cid:173)
`nents of the shampoo compositions, are chemically stable
`5 under normal use and storage conditions, are insoluble in the
`shampoo compositions herein, and are capable of being
`deposited on and conditioning the hair. The two R groups on
`the silicon atom of each monomeric silicone unit may
`represent the same or different groups. Preferably, the two R
`groups represent the same group.
`Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C1 to C5
`alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from cl to c4, most
`preferably from C1 to C2 . The aliphatic portions of other
`15 alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups (such as
`alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight or branched
`chains, and are preferably from C1 to C5 , more preferably
`from cl to c4, even more preferably from cl to c3, most
`preferably from C1 to C2 . As discussed above, the R sub-
`20 stituents can also contain amino functionalities (e.g. alka(cid:173)
`mino groups), which can be primary, secondary or tertiary
`amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di(cid:173)
`and tri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the
`aliphatic portion chain length is preferably as described
`25 above. The R substituents may also be substituted with other
`groups, such as halogens (e.g. chloride, fluoride, and
`bromide), halogenated aliphatic or aryl groups, hydroxy
`(e.g. hydroxy substituted aliphatic groups), and mixtures
`30 thereof. Suitable halogenated R groups could include, for
`example, tri-halogenated (preferably tri-fluoro) alkyl groups
`such as -R1 CF3 , wherein R1 is a CcC3 alkyl. An example
`of such a polysiloxane includes, but is not limited to,
`polymethyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane.
`Suitable R groups for use in the anti-dandruff and condi-
`tioning shampoo compositions of the present invention
`include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl,
`methylphenyl and phenylmethyl. Specific non-limiting
`examples of preferred silicones include: polydimethyl
`40 siloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsilox(cid:173)
`ane. Polydimethylsiloxane is especially preferred. Other
`suitable R groups include: methyl, methoxy, ethoxy,
`propoxy, and aryloxy. The three R groups on the end caps of
`the silicone may represent the same or different groups.
`Non-volatile polyalkylsiloxane fluids that may be used
`include, for example, low molecular weight polydimethyl(cid:173)
`siloxanes. These siloxanes are available, for example, from
`the General Electric Company in their Viscasil R and SF 96
`50 series, and from Dow Coming in their Dow Coming 200
`series. Polyalkylaryl siloxane fluids that may be used, also
`include, for example, polymethylphenylsiloxanes. These
`siloxanes are available, for example, from the General
`Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from
`55 Dow Coming as 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid. Polyether
`siloxane copolymers that may be used include, for example,
`a polypropylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane (e.g.,
`Dow Coming DC-1248) although ethylene oxide or mix(cid:173)
`tures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may also be
`60 used. The ethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide concen-
`trations must be sufficiently low to prevent solubility in
`water and the composition described herein.
`Alkylamino substituted silicones suitable for use in the
`anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compositions of the
`present invention include, but are not limited to, those which
`conform to the following general Formula (IV):
`
`tR
`R 1R
`R-ii-0 ii-O
`ii-R
`R R R
`
`X
`
`wherein R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl,
`R can be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer
`from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable unsubstituted R groups for
`use in the anti-dandruff and conditioning shampoo compo(cid:173)
`sitions of the present invention include, but are not limited
`to: alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino,
`and ether-substi