Recording Automotive
`Crash Event Data
`
`Augustus “Chip” Chidester, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
`John Hinch, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
`Thomas C. Mercer, General Motors Corporation
`Keith S. Schultz, General Motors Corporation
`
`May 5, 1999
`May 5, 1999
`
`National Transportation Safety Board
`National Transportation Safety Board
`Symposium On Recorders
`Symposium On Recorders
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 1
`
`
`Crash Event Data
`
`Augustus “Chip” Chidester, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
`John Hinch, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
`Thomas C. Mercer, General Motors Corporation
`Keith S. Schultz, General Motors Corporation
`
`May 5, 1999
`May 5, 1999
`
`National Transportation Safety Board
`National Transportation Safety Board
`Symposium On Recorders
`Symposium On Recorders
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 1
`
`
`
`Crash Scene
`
`Crash Scene
`
`:."'
`"
`' OWNER EX. 2034,-p-age 2
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 2
`
`
`
`1914 Car Crash
`in Scotland
`
`Source: http://www.sol.co.uk/s/scott.wilson/Old_Traffic_DundAcc1914.jpg
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 3
`
`
`
`Crash Scene
`
`Crash Scene
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 4
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 4
`
`
`
`The Opportunities
`Are Vast
`
`• 18,000 Tow-away crashes per day
`• Equivalent to about $600 million worth of crash
`Tests per day (18,000 crashes * $35,000 / test)
`• Current total production of crash tests conducted
`for US vehicles is estimated around 5,000 / year
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 5
`
`
`
`Background
`
`• Need for real world crash data - crash pulses
`• Today - methodology based on observation of
`post crash vehicle deformation
`• Need for more detailed data to define crash
`conditions (pre-impact conditions, detailed
`deceleration data)
`• Recommendations from NTSB & JPL
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 6
`
`
`
`NTSB
`
`• NTSB public forum on air bags and
`child passenger safety (March 1997)
`• NHTSA (H-97-18)
`– “Develop and implement, in conjunction with the
`domestic and international manufacturers, a plan to
`gather better information on crash pulses and other
`crash parameters in actual crashes, utilizing current or
`augmented sensing and recording devices.”
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 7
`
`
`
`JPL
`
`• 1997 recommendation for NHTSA to work on
`EDRs
`• Study feasibility of installing and obtaining crash
`data for safety analyses from crash recorders on
`vehicles
`• JPL findings
`– Crash recorders exist already on some vehicles with electronic
`air bag sensors, but data recorded are determined by the
`OEMs
`– These recorders could be basis for an evolving data-recording
`capability that could be expanded to serve other purposes
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 8
`
`
`
`JPL (cont’d)
`
`• Emergency rescues - information could be
`combined with occupant smart keys to provide
`critical crash & personal data to paramedics
`• Questions of data ownership and data protection
`would have to be resolved, however
`– Where data ownership concerns arise, consultation with
`experts in the aviation community regarding use of aircraft flight
`recorder data is recommended
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 9
`
`
`
`Potential Uses of
`Event Data
`
`Category
`Improve Vehicle Design/Highway
`Infrastructure
`
`Provide a Basis for Regulatory &
`Consumer Information Initiatives
`
`Potential Examples
`vehicle systems
`- airbag sensing system deployment criteria
`highway systems
`- roadside safety feature design standards
`- offset frontal impact severity
`- average/extreme vehicle decel pulses
`
`Provide Objective Data for
`Crash Reconstruction
`
`Develop an Objective Driver
`Behavior Database
`
`alleged defects & litigation
`- unintended vehicle acceleration
`- crash & airbag deployment sequence
`
`- pre-crash driver braking/steering
`- belt use
`- vehicle speed
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 10
`
`
`
`The Haddon Matrix
`w/o EDR
`
`Human
`
`Vehicle
`
`Environment
`
`Skid Marks
`
`Calculated Delta-V
`
`Injury
`
`Collision Damage
`
`Environment
`after
`crash
`
`Pre
`Crash
`
`Crash
`
`Post
`Crash
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 11
`
`
`
`The Haddon Matrix
`w/ EDR
`
`Human
`Belt Use
`Steering
`Brake
`
`Air Bag Data
`Pre Tensioners
`
`ACN (Automatic
`Collision
`Notification)
`
`Pre
`Crash
`
`Crash
`
`Post
`Crash
`
`Vehicle
`Speed
`ABS
`Other Controls
`Crash Pulse
`Delta-V
`Yaw
`A/B Activation Time
`
`Environment
`
`Conditions
`During Crash
`
`Location
`
`ACN
`
`ACN
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 12
`
`
`
`GM EDR Systems
`
`GM EDR Systems
`
`General MOIOFS
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 13
`
`
`
`1990
`DERM
`
`1994
`SDM
`
`1999
`SDM
`
`GM Airbag Systems
`Data Stored
`
`Parameter
`State of Warning Indicator when event occurred (ON/OFF)
`Length of time the warning lamp was illuminated
`Crash-sensing activation times or sensing criteria met
`Time from vehicle impact to deployment
`Diagnostic Trouble Codes present at the time of the event
`Ignition cycle count at event time
`Maximum Delta-V for near-deployment event
`Delta-V vs. time for frontal airbag deployment event
`Time from vehicle impact to time of maximum Delta-V
`State of driver’s seat belt switch
`Time between near-deploy and deploy event (if within 5 seconds)
`Passenger's airbag enabled or disabled state
`Engine speed (5 sec before impact)
`Vehicle speed (5 sec before impact)
`Brake status (5 sec before impact)
`Throttle position (5 sec before impact)
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 14
`
`
`
`1999 EDR Simplified
`Block Diagram
`
`Engine Speed
`Sensor
`
`Vehicle Speed
`Sensor
`
`Brake ON/OFF
`Sensor
`
`Throttle Pos
`Sensor
`
`Pre-impact data
`
`Serial data bus
`
`SDM
`
`Accelerometer
`
`Warning Indicator
`
`Low-pass Filter
`
`Airbags
`
`Power
`
`Ignition Switch
`
`Microcomputer Including EDR
`RAM
`32k ROM
`640 EEPROM
`
`Driver Seat Belt
`Sensor
`
`Manual Pass.
`Airbag Cutoff Sw.
`And Indicator
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 15
`
`(cid:190)
`(cid:190)
`(cid:190)
`
`
`EDR Data
`
`Delta-V (mph)
`
`0Increasing
`
`0
`
`20
`
`40
`
`60
`
`80
`
`100
`
`120
`
`150
`
`Time (msec)
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 16
`
`
`
`Pre-Impact Data
`1999 EDR
`
`Brake ON
`
`Crash Occurs
`@ Time = 0
`
`Vehicle Speed
`
`Engine Speed
`Throttle Pos
`
`Brake OFF
`
`-5
`
`-4
`
`-3
`
`-2
`
`-1
`
`0
`
`Crash Time (sec)
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 17
`
`
`
`Accuracy and
`Resolution
`
`Parameter
`
`Full Scale
`
`Resolution
`
`Accuracy
`
`How Measured When Updated
`
`Delta V
`
`+ 55.9 mph
`
`0.4 mph
`
`~ + 10%
`
`Integrated
`acceleration
`
`recorded every
`.010s, calculated
`every .00125s
`
`Vehicle speed
`
`158.4 mph
`
`0.6 mph
`
`+ 4 %
`
`Magnetic pickup
`
`vehicle speed
`changes by
`> 0.1 mph
`
`Engine Speed
`
`16383 RPM
`
`1/4 RPM
`
`+ 1 RPM
`
`Throttle
`Position
`
`100% Wide
`open throttle
`
`0.4 %
`
`+ 5%
`
`Magnetic pickup RPM changes by
`> 32 RPM.
`
`Rotary
`potentiometer
`
`Throttle position
`changes by
`> 5%.
`
`EDR Data
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 18
`
`
`
`Electronic data
`
`EDR data
`
`Validation
`
`50
`40
`30
`20
`10
`0
`
`Delta-V
`
`0
`
`0.05
`
`0.1
`Time
`
`0.15
`
`0.2
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 19
`
`
`
`GM Tech 1
`Retrieval Unit
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 20
`
`
`
`Vetronix EDR
`Retrieval Tool
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 21
`
`
`
`EDR Uses
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 22
`
`
`
`SMASH
`
`23
`
`13
`
`19
`
`Delta-V (mph)
`EDR
`Comments
`Final seat belt determination was "not belted.
`50
`Severe under-ride.
`Very minor damage
`*Physical evidence indicated shoulder portion
`of the belt under the driver's arm
`Driver stated belt used, no physical evidence
`
`16
`
`20
`
`11
`
`NR
`
`NR
`12
`
`14
`
`NR
`
`NR
`
`17
`24
`
`9
`
`11
`
`2
`
`Under-ride - visual of 14-18 mph
`
`Under-ride, 24 mph @ 150 msec
`
`The report writer specified the SDM Delta-V
`data as more representative of this crash
`Undercarriage impact.
`Visual estimate of 9-14 mph
`Inadvertent deployment
`
`SCIs Involving
`GMs’ EDRs
`
`Driver Belted
`Field
`
`EDR
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`Y*
`
`N
`
`Y
`N
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`N
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`Y
`N
`
`Y
`
`N
`
`Y
`
`MY - Make - Model
`
`1998 Chevrolet Malibu
`
`1995 Saturn SL
`
`1996 Geo Metro
`
`1995 Saturn
`
`1996 Oldsmobile 98
`1995 Chevrolet Lumina
`
`1995 Geo Metro
`
`1995 Geo Metro
`
`1998 Pont. Grand Prix
`
`NR = No Results
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 23
`
`
`
`NHTSA SCI w/ EDR
`Involvement
`
`Delta-V
`- Struck a heavy, parked truck in a severe bumper under-ride impact.
`- Such crashes typically generate long crash pulses.
`- WINSMASH estimated a Delta-V of 23 mph.
`- The investigator noted this Delta-V estimate appeared to be low.
`- Data from the on-board recorder indicated a Delta-V of approximately 50 mph.
`
`Belt Use
`- Belt use status
`unsure Investigator.
`- EDR was read.
`- EDR indicate “Belt Used.”
`- EDR was correct.
`
`Chevrolet Malibu
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 24
`
`
`
`Motor Vehicle Safety
`Research Advisory
`Committee
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 25
`
`
`
`MVSRAC Working
`Group Formed
`
`• On April 29, 1998, NHTSA staff presented a briefing to
`the MVSRAC committee
`• Purpose was to recommend that a working group be
`formed
`• MVSRAC members indicated:
`– It would be several years before such devices would be wide
`spread enough to give researchers information on crashes
`– Manufacturers were not far along in EDR technology
`• Working group formed
`• MVSRAC Crashworthiness Subcommittee would
`organize EDR working group
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 26
`
`
`
`MVSRAC WG
`Representatives
`• AAAM
`• Blue Bird
`• CA DMV
`• Chrysler
`• FHWA
`• Ford
`• Navistar
`• GM
`• NASDPTS
`
`• Honda
`• NHTSA
`• NTSB
`• Private
`• Transport Canada
`• TRB
`• UVA
`• VW
`• Worcester
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 27
`
`
`
`Objectives of
`MVSRAC W.G.
`
`• Define functional and performance
`requirements for on-board crash data
`recorders
`• Understand technology presently available to
`meet these requirements
`• Develop a set of data definitions
`• Discuss the various uses of the data
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 28
`
`
`
`Objectives (cont’d)
`
`• Discussions of legal and privacy issues
`• Historical overview of other agency’s actions
`related to data collection
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 29
`
`
`
`Potential Outcomes
`of the MVSRAC WG
`
`• Technical Report (by end of 2000)
`• Recommendations to Full MVSRAC for EDR
`actions
`– Establish National Data Base for EDR Data
`– Encourage all manufacturers to develop EDR technology
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 30
`
`
`
`Conclusions
`
`• Potential to Greatly Improve Highway Safety
`• Well-Coordinated Efforts will be Needed to Achieve
`the Results Envisioned by the NTSB
`• NHTSA’s MVSRAC Event Data Recorder Working
`Group will Establish Guidelines for Future On-Board
`Data Recording Capability
`• EDR Data is now being stored in NHTSA’s National
`Crash Data Bases
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 31
`
`
`
`The End
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 32
`
`OWNER Ex. 2034, page 32
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