Developments to Watch
`
`EDITED BY NEIL GROSS
`
`EXHIBIT 2096
`Facebook, Inc. eta/.
`v.
`Software Rights Archive, LLC
`CASE IPR2013-00479
`
`INNOVATIONS
`
`FORD SLIPS
`A NEURAL NET
`UNDER THE HOOD
`FORD lt!O'l'OR CO. lf.AS A BETTER
`idea for diagnosing engine
`trouble: an advanced neural
`network program running
`on chips designed by A A'
`Jet Propul ion Laboratory.
`Starting in 2001, the chips
`will continuou ly monitor
`Ford car engines for misfires
`cau. ed by such problem as
`damaged piston rings.
`Today, onboard computers
`ean't detect misfires under all
`operating condition . So they m ;. ER L ELECTRlC CO.'S NEW C:OMPl'TED T0 !OGRAPHY (C'T)
`are built to be hypersensitive:
`canner is a speed demon. Like earlier ystem ·, it u es de(cid:173)
`They catch misfires, but with
`tectors to collect data from an X-ray ource that circle a pa(cid:173)
`tient lying in the doughnut.. haped device. A computer trans(cid:173)
`an tmacceptable level of false
`late the data into 3-D images, or slices of the patient' body.
`alarms. Ford' neural net pro-
`gram does a better job be- But instead of one row of detectors GE' LightSpeed sy tern
`cause, like the human mind, it uses 16. Doctors can see multiple
`lice
`imultaneou ly and
`can tlre body six times faster than with existing y terns.
`learns by doing. When fed
`That mean doctors can begin to replace uncomfo1table, in-
`data on deliberately induced
`engine misfires simulating vasive diagno tic procedures. At
`tanford Unive:nUty, radiol(cid:173)
`all operating conditions, the ogy department chairman Gary M. Glazer and his colleagues
`program learns to spot prob-
`recently u ed the LightSpeed to e amine a dilation, or
`lema with precision. JPL aneurism, in a patient' pelvic artery (picture, left.). Ordinar(cid:173)
`ily, the exam would require threading a catheter through
`designed the hardware, com-
`the groin to inject special dyes. LightSpeed let the
`pressing the electronic ele-
`tanford
`m.ents onto a chip. Ford has
`team skip the catheter. And they could simultaneous!J view
`the arterie of the patient's thigh and lower leg (pictw-es,
`the right to license the chip
`t:o other "carmakers, and JPL
`right) to make ·m-e that the vascular <li$ease was localized.
`tudy the leg ves el down to the toe ," Glazer
`holds the rights for nonauto
`'We could
`Larry Armstrong I say , "and diagnose the patient in about a minute."
`o
`use .
`
`A SEARCH ENGINE &m A SEARCH ENGINE
`
`vnTBMOSTINTERNET
`seareh engines, winnowing
`out the chaff can be tedious.
`For a broad search term
`such as "trek," the HotBot
`program (www.hotbot.com)
`from WU"ed Digital Inc.
`turns up some 169,000
`matches-everything from
`Star 'li'ek to mountain
`hikes. Only the most perse(cid:173)
`vering surfers ever reach
`the treasures buried beyond
`the first few screens of
`links. But you can now pig(cid:173)
`gyback on t heir diligence.
`Direct Hit is a HotBot
`aid that prunes the number
`
`will notify you at the top of
`its results page.
`of links to just. the 10 top
`There' another ranking
`sites, including many far
`system that may be even
`better for managers. Google
`down the list. Direct Hit
`keeps tabs on which links
`(http://google.stanford.edul)
`are followed-but with a
`rates Web sites by the
`number of other sites linked
`clever twist. Clicked-on
`to them. The t-ankings, in
`links further down the fist
`other words, are de~
`get progre.ssively higher
`scores. So even if only a
`mined not by surfers, but
`by Webmasters who pre-
`tiny percentage of people
`follows link No.174, say, it
`sumably took time to evalu(cid:173)
`could move into the 'Ibp 10, ate a site before setting up
`says Gary Culliss, chairman a link to it. lt' an adapt.a(cid:173)
`and co-founder of Direct IDt tion of the time-honored
`Technologies Inc. in Welles- practice of assessing scien-
`ley Hills, Mass. If Direct
`tiftc papers by the number
`Hit has compiled the data
`of citations they've gotten
`in other papers. Otis Port
`for a ranking, then HotBot
`
`FOR FURTHER IIIFORIIlTlOII: Go to Business Week Online at America Online or E-mail dtwsep@businessweek.com
`
`BUSINESS WEEK SEPTEMBER 28 1998 81