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`Page Rank
`
`A Survey of Google's PageRank
`
`Introduction
`
`Algorithm
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`Implementation
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`Inbound Links
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`Outbound Links
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`Number of Pages
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`PageRank Distribution
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`Yahoo Bonus
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`Additional Factors
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`Themes
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`PRO
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`References
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`Within the past few years, Google has become the far most utilized search
`engine worldwide. A decisive factor therefore was, besides high
`performance and ease of use, the superior quality of search results
`compared to other search engines. This quality of search results is
`substantially based on PageRank, a sophisticated method to rank web
`documents.
`
`The aim of these pages is to provide a broad survey of all aspects of
`PageRank. The contents of these pages primarily rest upon papers by
`Google founders Lawrence Page and Sergey Brin from their time as
`graduate students at Stanford University.
`
`It is often argued that, especially considering the dynamic of the internet,
`too much time has passed since the scientific work on PageRank, as that it
`still could be the basis for the ranking methods of the Google search
`engine. There is no doubt that within the past years most likely many
`changes, adjustments and modifications regarding the ranking methods of
`Google have taken place, but PageRank was absolutely crucial for Google's
`success, so that at least the fundamental concept behind PageRank should
`still be constitutive.
`
`The PageRank Concept
`
`Since the early stages of the world wide web, search engines have
`developed different methods to rank web pages. Until today, the occurence
`of a search phrase within a document is one major factor within ranking
`techniques of virtually any search engine. The occurence of a search
`phrase can thereby be weighted by the length of a document (ranking by
`keyword density) or by its accentuation w ithin a document by HTML tags.
`
`For the purpose of better search results and especially to make search
`engines resistant against automatically generated web pages based upon
`the analysis of content specific ranking criteria (doorway pages), the
`concept of link popularity was developed . Following this concept, the
`number of inbound links for a document measures its general importance.
`Hence, a web page is generally more important, if many other web pages
`link to it. The concept of link popularity often avoids good ran kings for
`pages which are only created to deceive search engines and which don't
`have any sign ificance with in the web, but numerous webmasters elude it
`by creating masses of inbound links for doorway pages from just as
`insignificant other web pages.
`
`Contrary to the concept of link popularity, PageRank is not simply based
`upon the total number of inbound links. The basic approach of PageRank is
`that a document is in fact considered the more important the more other
`documents link to it, but those inbound links do not count equally. First of
`all, a document ranks high in terms of PageRank, if other high ranking
`documents link to it.
`
`So, within the PageRank concept, the rank of a document is given by the
`EXHIBIT 2082
`Face book, Inc. et al.
`v.
`Software Rights Archive, LLC
`CASE IPR2013-00479
`
`

`

`5/15/2014
`
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`
`Google PageRank - Introduction
`rank  of  those  documents  which  link  to  it.  Their  rank  again  is  given  by  the
`rank  of  documents  which  link  to  them.  Hence,  the  PageRank  of  a
`document  is  always  determined  recursively  by  the  PageRank  of  other
`documents.  Since  -­  even  if  marginal  and  via  many  links  -­  the  rank  of  any
`document  influences  the  rank  of  any  other,  PageRank  is,  in  the  end,  based
`on  the  linking  structure  of  the  whole  web.  Although  this  approach  seems
`to  be  very  broad  and  complex,  Page  and  Brin  were  able  to  put  it  into
`practice  by  a  relatively  trivial  algorithm.
`
`PageRank  and  Google  are  trademarks  of  Google  Inc.,  Mountain  View  CA,  USA.
`PageRank  is  protected  by  US  Patent  6,285,999.
`
`The  content  of  this  document  may  be  reproduced  on  the  web  provided  that  a  copyright
`notice  is  included  and  that  there  is  a  straight  HTML  hyperlink  to  the  corresponding  page
`at  pr.efactory.de  in  direct  context.
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