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`Main l Januagy 2005 »
`
`The right candidates to wound a group with $ 64 billion pile of
`cash ? A start-up and a living-dead...
`A giant with a war chest of$64.4 billion (as ofSeptember 30th 2004, but still growing
`at a $1 billion/month rate) . there's only one, and it‘s obviously Microsoft.
`
`The identity of the challengers is more unexpected...
`
`Six years ago, Google wasjust an idea growing in the brain oftwo Stanford PhD
`students. Six years is young compared with what is now a respectable age for Microsoft
`: 29 years. I won’t mention the well-known battle which opposes the two competitors
`regarding search engines, Google is leading the market> with 60% ofsearch-generated
`traffic, against MSN's 7%. The battlefield where Google is going to have Microsoft
`suffer is e—maili GoogleMail (GMail for close friends) is spreading at an astonishing
`speed, thanks to a “for guests only" beta-version trick (a deliberate marketing policy to
`create scarcity ; much more efficient than public opening). But GMail is notjust about
`marketing, it‘s a product which has been completely redesigned, without complex : a
`le free storage capacity, e-mails put together as "conversations", a label system
`which turns obsolete the old folder approachw Ifyou think ofthe beginnings ofthe
`original Google search engine, and ifthe same results happen again, Microsofi's war
`treasure won't be ofmuch help to stop the GMail wave.
`
`The other outsider isn't even a corporation ; it‘s a non-profit organization registered in
`California : The Mozilla Foundation The true story: a group of people who took part
`to the Netscape venture, In the no-mercy business world, you could almost describe the
`Mozilla Foundation as a living dead... but their Firefox intemet browser has already
`convinced 10 millions users, and when you see it, you understand it won't stop there ;
`improved and creative functionalities which might be enough, not necessarily to win
`the battle over lntemet Explorer, but certainly to carve a significant market share to
`reopen the game.
`
`In 1998. Google didn't exist; Yahoo and Alta Vista were leading the young search
`industry, and there was no place for a late comer. By bringing to the market a major
`innovation (the "page rank" technology), Google put the previous order ofcompetitors
`upside down The history is not over; the two Californian outsiders certainly keep in
`store other unpleasant surprises for the Redmont giant.
`
`Posted by Bernard Suisson on December 21, 2004 at 06: 16 PM in gm 1 Pgrmalink
`l ammonium
`
`>
`
`When R&D creates start-ups
`Do you know what is the characteristic shared by companies such as Yahoo, Google.
`Silicon Graphics. Kelkoo, llog. Lycos, Digital Equipement, Genetech, Chiron. Biogen.
`and Soitec ?
`
`All these companies grew up out ofuniversrties or R&D centres (Yahoo. Google and
`Silicon Graphics started at Stanford. Kelkoo and llog at the luria (the French l’I‘
`research center), Lycos at Carnegie Mellon, Digital Equipment at the MIT, Genetech
`and Chiron at the San Francisco University ofCalifomia. Biogen at Harvard. and
`Soitec at the Grenoble CEA (the French Atomic Energy organisation).
`
`in a special issue ofExpansion Management Review, a leading managerial review.
`titled ”The unknown entrepreneur" (December 2004). Philippe Mustar. professor at the
`Ecole Nationale superieure des Mines in Paris presents his findings regarding the
`rcsearch~gencrated start-ups. Available studies converge and show an ever increasrng
`number ofspinvot‘i‘s from academia. A crucial stake for developed economies. and
`Philippe Mustar helps us to understand how it works
`
`Posted by Bernard Bulsscn on December 19, 2004 at 10:29 PM in Artlcle reviews l
`remand: l mun
`
`Innovationtools.com
`lfyou‘re looking fora good website in English on innovation. maybe you should start
`with wingovgtiggtgolsgom. Managed by Chuck Frey, the site is filled with smart
`resources: a significant number ofexclusive articles, the Amazon top ten for
`innovation books. comprehensive book reviews, articles or reports references.
`discussion forums. an information letter A gold mine '
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 19, 2004 at 10:22 PM in Web 53:23;
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`"Active inertia" : a key-concept to understand corporate
`failures, including innovation-related failures ?
`There are people you don’t forget. [was lucky enough to have Don Still as strategy
`professor forthc two years ofmy MBA at London Business School , he was obviously
`among the smart ones (he flew shortly after to Harvard Business School). in 1997. I
`heard him explain his "active inertia" concept l-le expanded on it in his 2003 book
`
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`Innovation Tribune eng: December 2004
`"Revival of the fittest". What is it about ? It's the astonishing plain idea that a company
`can put its own existence at risk by pursuing harder recipes which previously brought
`success, while the environment has changed.
`
`The Compaq history can be read that way :
`
`In 1982, Rod Canion and two senior Texas Instruments executive have lunch together
`and draw on a napkin a personal computer with a handle. Disappointed by the Texas
`Instrument approach of the PC market, they hire other TI employees and start Compaq
`;; portability and superior quality are the motto of the new company. In 1983, Compaq
`beats the record for a one-year old company : a $111 million turnover ! In 1990, eight
`years after its beginning, Compaq has 10,000 employees, and a $3.6 billion turnover.
`In these years however, the PC is quickly becoming a commodity. In 1991, when five
`out of the eight largest American PC producers follow a low-cost strategy, Compaq
`hangs on to a strategy of innovation and superior technology. The company is
`incredibly active, all the more active that a price war is starting to erode its margins.
`But faced with major choices raised by its changing environment, the company is
`passive. Benjamin Rosen, Compaq's President, tries to save the company by replacing
`Rod Canion, the founder, with Eckhard Pfeiffer, but the history of Compaq will end in
`2002 when the company is bought by Hewlett-Packard.
`
`Innovation can be a trap if it's not aimed in the right direction. Keeping on selling very
`high quality and technologically innovative PCs with a unitary price difference
`sometimes beyond $2000 compared with a Dell equivalent, proved a fatal trap for
`Compaq.
`
`The "active inertia" concept reminds us of the Clayton Christensen "innovator's
`dilemna". According to Christensen, the major trap regarding innovation is the focus
`on "incremental" innovations. Think of Kodak, stepping up its efforts on the historical
`picture technology at the time digital photography starts to grow ;; the company is
`racing full-speed as the threat materializes. But it's going in the wrong direction, and
`from a strategic point of view, it's going nowhere.
`
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 17, 2004 at 11:57 PM in Book reviews | Permalink
`| Comments (0)
`
`The Millau viaduct : behind the feat, a number of brilliant
`innovations
`The technique of cable-stayed bridges goes back to the 18th century. But various
`accidents, usually the breaking of cables following wind-generated oscillations, put
`this technique in quarantine until the 1960s. A video to watch once again shows it: the
`collapse of the Tahoma Bridge in the United States in 1940. A few pictures available
`on http://thefilmvault.com/disasters/tahoma_bridge.html.
`
`The Millau viaduct, opened yesterday, has been praised for a few feats. The height of
`its pillars for a start ;; pillar #3 with 221 meters and pillar #2 with 245 meters (343
`meters if you add the pylon holding the cables) shatter the previous record for the
`category (180 meters). The span between pillars is also remarkable : with 340 meters,
`the previous record (140 meters) for a metallic bridge almost looks short. But much
`interest lies in the various innovations generated during this exceptional roadwork.
`
`One of the most important is the simultaneous management of two projects : the pillar
`building on one side, and the manufacturing and assembling of the parts of the
`metallic deck. A manager of Eiffage, the company which carried the project, yesterday
`assessed that this innovation amounted to a 15 month gain compared with a more
`traditional approach.
`
`To prevent "Tahoma bridge" disasters, all bridges must go through aerodynamic tests.
`The Millau viaduct complied with this rule, but Meteo France, France's official wether
`forecast agency, innovated by creating an "hydraulic tunnel": a model (1/3,000) of the
`valley and the bridge under construction, where engineers had water and micro-balls to
`understand wind trajectories. A first in France.
`
`A last example : the use of a GPS positioning tool, with a … 1 millimeter accuracy.
`The result: with only two surveyors for a 500 construction site, the bridge remained
`within an error margin set at … 5 millimeters !
`
`All these innovations will remain invisible for future drivers on this motorway, but
`they enabled Eiffage to manage this project within the initial timing (39 months
`against 40 forecasted) and within budget (399,5 million Euros against ... 400
`forecasted).
`
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 15, 2004 at 11:20 PM in Case studies | Permalink
`| Comments (0)
`
`Innovations : incremental, radical, major or strategic ?
`
`In "Fast second", already mentioned in this blog, C. Markides and P. Geroski suggest
`an innovation typology. They rely on two criteria :
`
`the effect of innovation on consumer habits and behaviors;;
`the effect of innovation on established firms' competencies and complementary
`assets.
`
`The easiest case, incremental innovation, occurs when the innovation relies on
`established firms' competencies, and the effect on consumer habits and behaviours is
`low. The launch by Mercedes of the ABS system designed by Bosch, in October 1978
`
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`Innovation Tribune eng: December 2004
`(already), is a typical example of incremental innovation.
`Major innovation is characterised by a strong impact on consumer habits and
`behavior, but builds upon the established firms' competencies. The introduction of
`internet services in the banking industry is a good example of major innovation.
`Although it deeply changed the way consumers use financial services, the established
`banks were indeed the ones who possessed the skills and assets to develop them. The
`difficulties of "pure internet players" (such as Egg in France) seem to confirm this
`analysis.
`Things become more dangerous for established players when innovations challenge, or
`destroy, steadily built competencies and assets.
`When innovation threatens these competencies and assets, and when the effect on
`consumer habits and behavior is limited, Markides and Geroski define such
`innovations as strategic innovations. The wave of flat-screen TV might be analyzed
`this way: these product don't fundamentally change the television habits of consumers,
`but the required technologies (LCD, plasma screen…) have the power to seriously
`threaten established players who would reluctantly exit traditional technologies
`(cathode ray tubes).
`In the final case, when innovation threatens established firms' competencies and have a
`major effect on consumer habits, Markides and Geroski call this type of innovations
`radical innovations. Mobile phones, PDAs and video-tape recorders are historical
`examples of radical innovations.
`One of the interests of this typology is obviously that companies can consider different
`responses according to the nature of the innovation they're pushing, or the are
`threatened by.
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 12, 2004 at 11:22 PM in Book reviews | Permalink
`| Comments (0)
`
`ESOMAR congress on Innovation
`
`ESOMAR stands for European Society for Market Research (ESOMAR). Not that we
`are much into market research, but this year's congress is all about ... innovation. It will
`be held in Paris (good for us, we're locals here) in March. Innovation is usually the
`domain of strategists and technologists, but not usually of marketing people, which is
`a pity. Last, but not least, we have a paper accepted there, so do come and meet with
`us!
`More infos about Esomar Innovate!: http://www.esomar.org/esomar/show/id=137267
`Posted by Philippe Silberzahn on December 12, 2004 at 08:11 PM in In the news |
`Permalink | Comments (0)
`
`Phil Agre : Outline of an Entrepreneurial Theory of Society
`
`There was a very interesting conference by Phil Agre on October 4th (yes that was
`some time ago) in Paris. I couldn't attend, but was told about the content and I think
`the conference is worth mentioning. Agre promotes an entrepreneurial vision of
`personal development in society that I find very interesting.
`Social and political theories tend to describe society as a static structure. In reality,
`each human being creates his/her own career through entrepreneurial processes: by
`creating relational networks and structures around emerging topics of interest. This
`creation is not limited to business, but is concerns all careers, be they professional,
`civic, artistic and scientific. Successful entrepreneurial paths require a particular type
`of cognition. According to Agre, the inegal distribution of this specific cognitive
`capacity lies at the source of many social problems.
`This view is interesting in that it is a generalization of the concept of entrepreneurship
`way beyond the business area. In sum, we're all the entrepreneurs of our life, and this
`ability matters more than institutions we might work with. Sartre would have said that
`in this view, existence precedes essence, and that we're actually very much in control
`of the existence.
`I exchanged emails with Phil, but he told me he hasn't put his thougths about the topic
`into a paper yet. You can still visit his home page: http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre
`Posted by Philippe Silberzahn on December 12, 2004 at 08:05 PM in In the news |
`Permalink | Comments (0)
`
`Innovation Nokia style
`How did Nokia become a leader of the mobile phone industry in the 90s ?
`It's really hard to see favorable predispositions for a Finish group specialized in mining
`and forest exploitation, although Nokia already had activities in the radio phones back
`in the 60s.
`It seems that one of the thing which triggered its astonishing success as a mass-market
`mobile phone producer goes back to a mission carried out by Gary Hamel, the famous
`strategy guru. To boost the Finish company creativity, Gary Hamel suggested that
`teams of Nokia engineers be sent in three rather special places : Venice Beach in
`California, King's Road in London, and the Tokyo night club area…(probably for the
`greatest delight of the engineers, who we rather think of as more used to the polar
`circle…). The creative spark is not always hidden in a 250 page Gartner Group report,
`nor in series of endless internal meetings… Sometimes, it's more productive to live as
`real customers, in remote places ;; the creative spark is there, right under your nose. It's
`after these "learning expeditions" that Nokia understood that mobile phones had gone
`beyond their
`utilitarian purpose, and that they had become "fashion accessories".
`
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 9, 2004 at 11:32 PM in Case studies | Permalink |
`Comments (0)
`
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`
`
`Innovation Tribune eng: December 2004
`Jim Collins "The ultimate creation"
`The article mentioned here appeared in a book published by the Peter F. Drucker
`Foundation ("Leading for innovation", Josey-Bass 2002). In this chapter, Jim Collins
`stands aloof from a quite ordinary managerial practice : focusing all the company
`resources on the "next big innovation", the "silver bullet" which is going to strike the
`competition dead.
`
`To defend his case, Jim Collins reminds us of all the innovation pioneers who fill the
`corporate graveyards ;; Burroughs computers in the 60s were far more innovative than
`IBM's, the civil aircraft was not invented by Boeing, but by De Havilland, the first
`spreadsheet was called VisiCalc, not Excel, and so on…
`
`For Jim Collins, the ultimate form of innovation, or "innovation squared", is
`managerial innovation, which he even calls "social innovation". It's Procter & Gamble
`which initiates employee profit sharing as early as the end of the 19th century,
`approximately one century before the practice becomes common. In the end, the
`options raised by Collins are "Are you focusing on the next big innovation", or "Are
`you trying to build an organisation which stimulates innovation" ?
`
`Posted by Bernard Buisson on December 9, 2004 at 11:59 AM in Article reviews | Permalink
`| Comments (0)
`
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