`
`Designed for Designed for
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`Over
`Over
`Over
`7,600
`7,600
`7,600
`Term
`Terms
`Term
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`CARDIOCOM EXH 1042
`CARDIOCOM v. BOSCH IPR2013-00468
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`1
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`

`

`Microsoft Press
`Microsoft Press
`
`•••• II ••• fer
`-
`-
`.~f ••••• I.r~'"
`
`Third Edition
`Third Edition
`
`II
`
`Microsoft-Press
`Microsoft·Press
`
`2
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporati on
`A Division of Microsoft Corporati on
`One Microsoft Way
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the wrillen permission of the publisher.
`in any fonn or by any means withou t the wrillen pennission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Library of Congress Cataloging-tn-Publi cation Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -- 3rd ed.
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -- 3rd ed.
`em.
`p.
`em.
`p.
`ISBN 1-57231-446-X
`ISBN 1-57231-446-X
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dicti onaries.
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`QA76. 15.M54 1997
`QA76. 15.M54 1997
`004'.03--dc21
`004'.03--dc21
`
`97- 15489
`97- 15489
`CIP
`C IP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QMQM 2 1 0 9 8 7
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QMQM 2 1 0 9 8 7
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a div ision of Canada Publishing
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by MacmiJian of Canada, a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`Corporation.
`
`A eIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Li brary.
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`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distribu tors worldwide. For further
`infonnation abou t international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or contact
`infonnation abou t international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or cont'act
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`Macintosh, Power Macinlosh, QuickTime, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
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`Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows NT, and XENlX are
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`Corporation. Java is a Lrademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Other product and company names
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`mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respeclive owners.
`mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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`Acquisitions Editor: Ki In Fryer
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, An ne Taussig
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: DaiJ Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross, Jim Fuchs, John Conrow, Kurt Meyer,
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`L
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`3
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`

`

`Defense Advanced Research Projects
`Defense Advanced Research Projects
`
`delimiter
`delimiter
`
`I
`I
`
`documents for printing urness an alternative is
`docu ments for printing urness an alternative is
`specified.
`specified.
`Defense Advanced Resear,:h Projects Agency
`Defense Advanced Resear~ Projects Agency
`\ dd-fef1.<;~ dCl-va nsd ' re ~sdrch p roj'ekts ~i'j~m -se\ n .
`\ d~-fens~ ;xl-vansd' re:'s;;)[ch profekts if jdn-se\ n .
`The U.S. government agency that provided the
`The U.S. government agency that provided the
`original support for the de velopment of the inter(cid:173)
`original support for the development of the inter(cid:173)
`connected networks that later grew into the Inte r(cid:173)
`connected nerworks that later grew ineo the Inter(cid:173)
`net. Acronym: DARPA (dar ~p~> D'A-R-P-A'). See
`net. A cronym.' DARPA (dar "Pd> D ' A-R-P-A'). See
`also ARPANET.
`also ARPANET.
`deferred address \ d;;)-f;;)rd' a;dres, d"-dres " n . An
`deferred address \ dd-f;;lfd' a;dres, ;;rdres" n. An
`indireCl add ress (memo", location) whose calcula(cid:173)
`indirect address (memo'Y location) whose calcula(cid:173)
`lion is delayed until a progrdm is run . See also rel(cid:173)
`tion is delayed until a program L<; run. See also rel(cid:173)
`ative address.
`ative address.
`deferred processing \d;)-f;;lfCi' pros'es-eng\
`deferred processing \d;:rfdrd' pros'es-eng\ n .
`11.
`Processing of data after it has been received and
`Processing of data after it has been received and
`stored in blocks. Compare direct processing.
`stored in blocks. Compare direct processing.
`deflection coils \ d;;)-flek"sh<m koilz'\ n . See yoke.
`deflection coils \ dd-flek ' shdn koilz'\ n . See yoke.
`deformation \derdr-ma 'sh~m\ n. In multimedia
`deformation \ def dr-ma 'sh~m\ n . In multimedia
`and computer-aided design applications, the pro-
`and computer-aided design applications, the pro-
`cess of altering a model via certain tools, such as
`cess of altering a model via certain tools, such as
`stretch , shanerl bend, and twist. See also CAD,
`stretch, shatter, bend, and twist. See also CAD,
`multimedia.
`multimedia.
`defragmentation \de~frag m~n-ta ' sh;;m\ n. The
`defragmentation \de' frag m;;}n_ta J sh:;m\ n. The
`process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous
`process of rewriting part'i of a file to contiguous
`sectors on a hard d isk to increase the speed of
`sectors on a ha rd d isk to increase the speed of
`access and retrieval. When files are updated, the
`access and retrieval. When files are updated, the
`compuLer tends to save these updates o n the larg(cid:173)
`computer tends to save these updates o n the larg(cid:173)
`est continuous space on the hard disk, which is
`est continuo us space on the hard disk, which is
`often on ~I different sector than the other parts of
`often on a differenr sector than the other parts of
`the file. When files are thus Ufragmemed," the
`the file. When files are thus "fragmented," the
`com pULer must search the hard disk each time the
`computer must search the hard disk each time the
`file is accessed (0 find all of the file's parts, which
`file is accessed ro find all of the file's parts, which
`slows down response time. Windows 95 and Win(cid:173)
`slows down response time. Windows 95 and Win(cid:173)
`dows NT include defragmentation ut ilities (or
`dows NT include defragmenration utili ties (or
`defraggers) as part of the operating system. For [he
`defraggers) as part of the operating system. For the
`MAC as, Windows 3.x, and DOS systems, defrag(cid:173)
`MAC OS, Windows 3.x, and DOS systems, defrag(cid:173)
`mentation utilities must be purchased separately.
`mentation utilities must be purchased separately.
`See also optimization (definition 1). Compa re frag(cid:173)
`See aLm optimization (definition 1). Compare frag(cid:173)
`mentarion.
`mentation.
`degausser \de-ga "sdr, de-g6 ~sdr\ n . A device used
`degausser \de-ga"s;r, de-g6's~r\ n . A device used
`to remove magnetization from a video monitor o r
`to remove magnetization from a video monitor or
`rape recorder head and fo erase information from
`tape recorder head and to erase information from
`magnetic storage med ia, such as tapes and disks.
`magnetic storage media, such as tapes and disks.
`degradation \de~gfd-da ~sh;;}n\ n . 1. [n communi(cid:173)
`degradation \de~gfd-da "sh;.:m\ n . 1. In communi(cid:173)
`cations, a dete rioration of signal qua li ty, as from
`cations, a deterioration of signal qua li ty, as from
`line interference. 2. In computer systems, a reduc(cid:173)
`line interference. 2. In computer systems, a reduc(cid:173)
`lion in level of performance or service. Degrada(cid:173)
`lion in level of performance or service. Degrada(cid:173)
`tion in microcompute r perfonnal1ce is indicated
`tion in microcomputer perfonnance is indicated
`
`by slow response times or freque nt pauses for
`by slow response times or freq ue nt pauses for
`disk access because memory is insufficient to hold
`disk access because memory is insufficient to hold
`an entire program plus the dara the program is
`an enti re program plus the data the program is
`using.
`using.
`deinstall \de'in-sta}'\ vb. See uninsta ll.
`deinstaU \de' in-st~iY\ vb. See uninsta ll.
`dejagglng Ide-jag-engl n. Smoothing of
`dejagging \de-jag'eng\ n. Smoothing of
`the
`the
`jagged , "stairstep~ appearance of diagonal lines
`jagged, "stairstep" appearance of diagonal lines
`and curves in graphical images. Also called anti(cid:173)
`and curves in graphical images. Also cailed anti(cid:173)
`aliasing. Compare aliasing.
`aliasing. Compare aliasing.
`de jure standard \dd jdbr' a stanJddrd\ 11. A stan(cid:173)
`de jure standard \da jdbr~a stan'd; rd\ 12. A stan(cid:173)
`dard for hardware or software develo pment that
`dard for hardware or software develo pmen t that
`has been issued or approved through a formal
`has been issued or approved lhrough a formal
`process by a standards organization. See also stan~
`process by a standards organization. See also stan~
`dard . Compare de facto standard.
`dard . Compare de facto standard.
`DEK \D' E-K '\ n. See data encryption key.
`DEK \D~ E-K'\ n. See data encryption key.
`deka· \dek ~d\ prefix Metric prefix meaning 101 (a
`deka- \dek ~d\ prefix Metric prefix meaning 101 (a
`factor of 10).
`factor of 10).
`delay distortion \d;;}-la J
`di-st6r~shdn\ n . Seeenve(cid:173)
`delay distortion \d;;rla~ di-st6{shan\ n. Seeenve(cid:173)
`lope delay.
`lope delay.
`delete \ dd-Iet ~\ vb. To eliminate text, a file, or part
`delete \ d;-Ier'\ vb. To eliminate text, a file, Of part
`of a docu ment with the intention of removing the
`of a document with the intention of removing the
`information permanently. There are several ways
`information pem1anently. There are several ways
`to delete. On-screen characters and parts of docu(cid:173)
`to delete. On-screen characters and parts of docu(cid:173)
`ments can be deleted with the Delete key, the
`ments can be deleted with the Delete key, the
`Backspace key, o r with a program's Delete com(cid:173)
`Backspace key, o r with a progf"'dll1'S De lete com(cid:173)
`mand. Files can be deleted through a conunand to
`mand. Files can be deleted through a conunand to
`the operating system.
`!.he o perating system.
`Delete key Id,,-ler- ke- I n. 1. On IBM and PC(cid:173)
`n. 1. On IBM and PC(cid:173)
`Delete key ',",-Iet- ke"
`compatible computers, a key whose function
`compatible computers, a key whose function
`changes depending on the application program.
`changes depending on the application program.
`Usually it erases the character under the cursor,
`Usually it erases the character under the cursor,
`although in some applications it can erase selected
`although in some applications it can erase selected
`texl or grap hics. 2. On Apple Macintosh comput(cid:173)
`text or graphics. 2. On Apple Macintosh comput(cid:173)
`ers, a key on the ADB and Extended keyboards
`ers, a key on me ADS and Extended keyboards
`that ef"'dSCS [he character preceding the insertion
`that erases the characLer preced ing the insertion
`point or erdses highlighted text or graphics.
`point o r erases highlighted text o r graphics.
`deletia \ d~-Ie"'sh;\ n. Omitted material. The term
`deletia \ dd-leJshd\ n . Omitted material. The term
`is used in responses to Usenet or mailing list mes(cid:173)
`is used in responses to Usenet or mailing list mes(cid:173)
`sages to indicate that some unnecessary materiaJ
`sages to ind icate that some unnecessary material
`has been excluded fro m the incorporated message
`has been excluded from the incorporated message
`being answered.
`being answered.
`delimit \di-tim-it\ vb. To set d1e limits of some
`delimit \di-lim ~it\ vb. To set (he limits of some
`entity, generally by using a special symbol called
`entilY, generally by using a special symbol called
`languages
`typically
`a delimiter. Programming
`typically
`languages
`a delim iter. Programming
`delimit slIch va riable-length elements as comments,
`delimit slIch variable-lenglh elements as comments,
`strings, and program blocks. See also delimiter.
`strings, and program blocks. See also delimiter.
`delimiter \di-lim'i-tdr\ n. A special character that
`delimiter \ di-Hm 'i-t~r\ n. A speCial character that
`sets off, or separates, individual items in a program
`sets off, or separates, individua l items in a program
`
`4
`
`

`

`Del key
`Del key
`
`derived relation
`derived relation
`
`or set of data. In the foUowing example, commaS
`or set of clata. In the following example, commas
`separate the fields in a database record (each non(cid:173)
`separate the fields in a database record (each non(cid:173)
`numeric field is enclosed by doubl e quotation
`nume ric field is enclosed by double quotation
`marks).
`marks).
`"Jones", "718 Harbor Drive", "Bayview", "WA", 98077;
`"Jones", "718 Harbor Drive", "Bayview", "WA", 98077;
`"Smith", "324 Marina Ave .", "Yelm", uWA", 98597;
`"Smith", "324 Marina Ave .", "Yelm", uWA", 98597;
`See also delimit, field (definition 1), record 1
`See also delimit, field (definition 1), record 1,
`.
`Del key \dd-let' ke-' n. See Delete key.
`Del key \c\d-ler' ke'\ n. See Delete key.
`OelpW
`Information Service \del'fl in~ fdr­
`Delphi
`Information Service \del'rr in~fdr­
`ma'sh;;m sdr'vds\ n. An online information service
`ma ' sh;:)fi SCJr'VdS\ n. An online information service
`and Internet access provider based in Boston.
`and Internet access provider based in Boston.
`processing \d;;>-mand'-clriv-;:m
`demand-driven
`demand-driven processing \oo-mand~ -driv-an
`pros'es-eng\ n . The process ing of dara immedi(cid:173)
`pros 'es-e ng\ n. The processing of data immedi(cid:173)
`ately as it becomes ava ilable or I'eady. Such real(cid:173)
`ately a.s it becomes availahle or ready. Such real(cid:173)
`lime processing avoids the need [0 store da ta thal
`time processing avoids the need to store data that
`has not heen processed. Compare data-driven pro(cid:173)
`has not heen processed. Compare data-driven pro(cid:173)
`cessing.
`cessing.
`demand paging \dif-mand ' pa' jeng\ n. The most
`demand paging \dd-mand~ pa'jeng\ n . The most
`common implementation of virtual memory, in
`common implementation of virtual memory, in
`which pages of data are read into main memory
`which pages of data are read into main memory
`from an auxiliary storage device only in response
`from an a uxil iary storage device only in response
`to interrupt~ that result when software requesls a
`to interrupts that result when software requests a
`memory location that the system has saved to
`memory location that the system has saved to
`auxiliary storage and reused for other purposes.
`auxiliaIY storage and reused for other purposes.
`See a/so paging, swap (definition 2), vutual mem(cid:173)
`See also paging, swap (definition 2), vutual mem(cid:173)
`o ry.
`ory.
`demo \dem'6\ n. 1. Short for demonstration. A
`demo \dem~6\ n. 1. Short for demonstration. A
`partial or limited version of a software package
`partial or limited version of a software package
`distributed free of charge for advertising purposes.
`distributed free of charge for advertising purposes.
`Demos o ften consist of animated p resentations
`Demos often consist of animated presentations
`that describe or demonstrate the program's fea(cid:173)
`Lhal describe or demonstrate the program's fea(cid:173)
`tures. See also crippled version. 2. A com puter in
`tures. See aLm crippled version. 2. A computer in
`a store that is available fo r customers to lest, to see
`a store that is available for customers to test, to see
`if they wish to buy it.
`if they wish to buy it.
`demodulation
`\ di-mord-Ia~sh;m , di-mo' dy;;)-Hi l(cid:173)
`demodulation \di-moj'd-hi~sh dn, di-mo'dyd-Ia~­
`sh;;)n \ n. In communications, the means by whic h
`slldn \ n . In communications, the means by which
`a modem converts data from modulated carrier
`a modem converts da ta from modulated carrier
`frequenCies (waves that have been modified in
`frequencies (waves that have been modified in
`such a way that variations in amplihlde and fre(cid:173)
`such a way that variations in amplitude and fre(cid:173)
`quency represent meaningful informalion) over a
`quency represent meaningfu l information) over a
`telephone Une to the digital fo rm needed by a
`telephone line to the digital form needed by a
`computer, with as little distortion a~ possible.
`computer, with as little distortion as possible.
`Compare modulation (definition 1).
`Compare modu lation (definition 1).
`demonstration program or demo program
`demonstration program or demo program
`\dem' dn-stf"J.~sh~m pro'gram\ n. 1. A prototype
`\dem';;m-stra:'shdn preS-gram\ n . 1. A prototype
`that shows the on-screen look and sometimes the
`mat shows the on-screen look and sometimes the
`proposed capabilities of a p rogram under devel(cid:173)
`proposed capabilities of a program under devel(cid:173)
`opment See also prororyping. 2. A sca led-down
`opment. See also prototyping. 2. A scaled-down
`
`version of a proprietary program offered as a mar(cid:173)
`version of a proprietary program offered as a mar(cid:173)
`keting tool.
`keting tool.
`denizen \den~i -zdn\ n. A participant in a Usenet
`denizen \den'i-z;m\ n . A participant in a Usenet
`newsgroup.
`newsgroup.
`dependence \dd-pen ~ddns\ n. The state in which
`dependence \dd-pen'd:::ll1s\ n. The slale in whicb
`one e ntity relies upon specific hardware, software,
`one entity l'elies upon specific hardware, ~oftware,
`or specific events for its own definition or func(cid:173)
`or specific events for its own definition or func(cid:173)
`tionality. See also context-dependent, dependent
`tionality. See also context-dependent, dependent
`variable, device dependence, hardware-depen(cid:173)
`variable, device dependence, hardware-depen(cid:173)
`dent, software-dependent.
`dent, software-dependent.
`dependent variable \ dd~pen ~ddnt var~e-d-bl\ n .
`dependent variable \d;:,-pen' d;;)nt va rle-;;)-bl\ n .
`A variable in a program whose value relies on the
`A variable in a program whose va lue rd ies on me
`o utcome of another operation.
`outcome of another operation.
`depth queuing \dep(h ~ kyoo'eng\ vh. 1_ In com(cid:173)
`depth queuing \depth~ kyOb~eng\ vb. 1. In com(cid:173)
`puter graph ics and modeling, giving a rwo-dimen(cid:173)
`puter graph ics and modeling, giving a two-dimen(cid:173)
`sional object a
`sional object a
`three-dimensional appearance
`three-dimensional ap pearance
`thro ugh such techniques as shading and hidden(cid:173)
`through such techniques as shading and hidden(cid:173)
`linc removal. 2. Drawing objects from background
`line removal. 2. Drawing o bjects from background
`to foreground to ease in the task of hidden-line
`to foreground to ease in the task of hidden-line
`removal.
`removal.
`deque \dek\ n. Short for double-ended queue. A
`deque \dek\ 11 . Short for doub le-ended queue . A
`fonn of the queue data structure that can have ele(cid:173)
`form of the queue clata structure that can have ele(cid:173)
`ments added to or removed from either end of the
`ments added to or re move d from e ither end of the
`list. See also queue.
`list. See also queue.
`dequeue \de-kyB5~\ vb. To remove from a queue.
`dequeue \de-kyC5b~\ vb. To remove from a queue.
`See also q u euc.
`See also queue.
`dereference \de'rerrdns\ vb. In programming, to
`dereference \de'rerIdns\ vb. In programming, to
`access information at the address co ntained by a
`access information at the address contained by a
`pointer. The syntax for dereferencing varies
`pointer. The syntax for dereferencing varies
`among computer languages. See also double(cid:173)
`languages. See also double(cid:173)
`among computer
`derefe rence, ha ndle (definition 1), pointer.
`derefere nce, handle (defi nition 1), pointer.
`derived class \ddr-lvc.i' klas'\ n. In object-ori(cid:173)
`derived class \d;:,r-lvd' klas ~\ n. In obje ct-Ori(cid:173)
`ented programming, a class created from another
`ented programming, a class created from an other
`c:::lass, called the base class. A derived class
`class, called the base class. A derived class
`inherits all the features of its base class. It can
`in herits all the features of its base class. It can
`then add data elements and routines, redefine
`then add data elements and routines, redefine
`routines from the base class, and restrict access
`routines from the base class, and restrict access
`to base-class features. See also base class, class,
`to base-class features. See also base class, class,
`inheritance (definition n, object-orienteu pro(cid:173)
`inheritance
`(definition 1), object-oriented pro(cid:173)
`granuning.
`gramming.
`derived font \ddr-Ivcl' font~\ n. A font that has
`derived font \d;x-lvd' font l\ n. A font that ha.s
`been scaled o r modified from a previously existing
`been scaled o r moclified from a previously existing
`font. For example, the Macintosh operating system
`font. For example, the Macintosh operating system
`can gene ra te characters in font sizes other than the
`can generate characters in fom sizes other than the
`installed range of sizes. See also font. Compare
`installed range of sizes. See also font. Compare
`intrinsic font.
`intrinsic font.
`derived relation \d;:,r-Ivd' r.;I-Ia l.shc>fi\ n. A rela(cid:173)
`derived relation \ddr-tvcr fd-Ia'shdn\ n . A rela(cid:173)
`tion produced as the result of one or more
`tion prcx:luced as [he result of one or more
`
`1:19
`
`5
`
`

`

`logoff
`logoff
`
`lossless compression
`lossless compression
`
`MIT in 1968. Logo is considered an educational
`MIT in 1968. Logo is considered an educational
`language, although some firms have sought to
`language, although some firms have sought to
`make it more wielely accepted in the programming
`make it more widely accepted in the programming
`commun ity. See also LISP, turtle, (L1rtle graphics.
`community. See also LISP, turtle, turtle graphics.
`logoff \log~of\ 11. The process of terminating a ses(cid:173)
`logoff \log~of\ 11. The process of terminating a ses~
`sian w ith a computer accessed tluough a commu(cid:173)
`sion w ith a computer accessed tluough a commu(cid:173)
`nications line. AL'5o called logout.
`nications line. AL'5o caLled logout.
`log off \log oC\ vb. To lemlinate a session with a
`log off \log oC\ vb. To lemlinatc a session with a
`computer accessed through a communications
`computer accessed through a communications
`line-usually a computer that is both distant and
`line-usually a computer that is both distant and
`open to many users. Also called log out. Compare
`open to many users . Also called log out. Compare
`log on.
`log on.
`logon \ log' on \ n. The process of identifying one(cid:173)
`logon \ log' on \ n. The process of identifying one(cid:173)
`self to a computer after connecting [0 it over a
`self to a computer after connecting [0 it over a
`communications line. Also called login .
`communications line. Also caLled login .
`log on \log on'\ vb. To identify oneself to a com(cid:173)
`log on \log on'\ vb. To identify oneself to a com(cid:173)
`puter after connecting to it over a com munications
`puter after connecting to it over a communications
`linc. During the procedure, the computer usually
`line . During the procedure, the computer usually
`requests the user's name and password. Also
`requests the user's name and password. Also
`calLed log in. Compare log off.
`ca.lLed log in. Compare log off.
`logout \log~out\ n. See logoff.
`logout \ log~out\ n. See logoff.
`log out \log out-\ vb. See log off.
`log out \log out'\ vb. See log off.
`LOL \L'O-L'\ Acronym for laughing out louo. An
`LOL IL'O-L'\ Acronym for laughing out loud. An
`interjection used in e-mail, online forums, and chat
`interjection used in e-mail, online forums, and chat
`service.s to express appreciation of a joke Or other
`services to express appreciation of a joke Or other
`humorous occurrence.
`humorous occurrence.
`long filenames \Iong~ f11'namz\ n . A feature of
`long filenames \long' f11'namz\ n . A feature of
`most current PC operating .systems, notably Win(cid:173)
`most current PC operating systems, notably Win(cid:173)
`dows 95 , Windows I\TT, and OS/2, that allows a
`dows 95 , Windows NT, and OS/2, that allows a
`user to assign a plain-text name to a file, rather
`user to assign a plain-text name to a file, rather
`than limiting possible names co ju.st a few charac(cid:173)
`[han limiting possible names [0 just a few charac(cid:173)
`ters. Names can be over 200 characters long.
`ters. Names can be over 200 characters long,
`include upper and lowercase letters, and have
`include upper and lowercase letters, and have
`spaces between characters. Compare 8.3.
`spaces between characters. Compare 8.3 .
`long-haul \ I ong~hal, -h61\ ac(j. Of, pe rtaining [0,
`long-haul \long~haIJ -h61\ ac(/. Of, pertain ing co,
`or being a type of modem that is able to transmit
`or being a type of modem that is able to tran.smit
`over lo ng distances. Compare short-haul.
`over long distances. Compare .short-haul.
`longirud.inal redundancy check \lon'j;;l-t60-d;)(cid:173)
`longirudinal redundancy check \lon'jd-Ecm'd;;l(cid:173)
`n;)1 re-dun ' d;;m-se chek~\ n. See LRC.
`n;;ll re-dun ' d;m-se chek'\ n. See LRC.
`look and feel \Iook' ;md fel '\ n . A general tenn
`look and feel \Iook' ;;Ind fel/\ n. A general term
`referring to the appearance and h.mctionaliry of
`referring [0 the appearance and h.mcrionaliry of
`hardware or software. The phrase is often used
`hardware or software. The phrase is often used
`comparatively, as in "Windows NT has the same
`comparatively, as in "Windows NT has the same
`look and feel as Windows 95. '"
`look and feel as Windows 95."
`lookup \Id'bk-up\ n. A function, often built in[O
`lookup \1c3'bk'up\ n. A function, often built into
`spreadsheet programs, in wh..ich a previously con(cid:173)
`spreadsheet programs, in which a previously con(cid:173)
`stmcte d table of values called a lookup table is
`structe d table of values called a lookup table i s
`searched for a desired item of information. A
`searched for a desired item of information. A
`
`lookup table consists of rows and columns of data.
`lookup table consists of rows and columns of data.
`A lookup function examines the table eilher hori(cid:173)
`A lookup function examines (he table eilher hori(cid:173)
`zontally or vertically and then retrieves the data
`zontally or vertically and then retrieves the data
`that corresponds to the argument specified as part
`that corresponds to the argument specified as part
`of the lookup function.
`of the lookup function.
`loopl \ loop \ 11. 1. A set of statements in a program
`loopl \ lc5bp \ n . 1. A set of statements in a prog ram
`executed repeatedly, either a fixed number of
`executed repeatedly, either a fixed number of
`times or until some condition is tmc or false. See
`times or until some condition is tme or false. See
`also DO loop, FOR loop, infinite loop, iterative
`also DO loop, FOR loop, infinite loop, iterative
`statement. 2. A pair of wires that runs between a
`statement. 2. A pair of wires that nms between a
`telephone central office and cusLomer premises.
`telephone central office and customer premises.
`loop2 \ IObp\ vb. To execute a group of statements
`loop2 \ 160p\ vb. To execute a group of statements
`repeatedly.
`repeatedly.
`loop check \lcmp~ chek\ rt . See echo check.
`loop check \lcmp' chek\ rt . See echo check.
`loop configuration \loop' k;;>n-fi-gy;;.r-a'sh;m\ n.
`loop configuration \loop' k;;ln-fi-gy;;lr-a's h;;ln\ n.
`A communications link in which multiple stations
`A communications link in which mulriple stations
`are joined to a communications line that runs in a
`are joined to a communications line that runs in a
`closed loop. Generally, data sent by one station is
`closed loop. Generally, data sent by one station is
`received and retransmitted in turn by each station
`received and retransmitted in turn by each station
`on the loop. The process continues until the data
`on the loop. The process continue.s until the data
`reaches its fina l destination. See the illustration.
`reaches its final destination. See the illustration.
`See also ring network.
`See also ring network.
`
`Loop configuration.
`LOOP configuration.
`
`loophole \1B5p ~h61 \ n . In programming, a logical
`loophole \ 1a5p-h61\ n . In programming, a logical
`failure to account for all possible situations. See
`failure to account for all possible situations. See
`also bug (definirion 1), logic error.
`also bug (definition 1), logic e rror.
`loop invariant \ loop' in-var'e-;;)nt \ n. A condition
`loop invariant \ lcmp' in-var'e-;;)nt \ n . A condition
`that remains true while a loop ite rates.
`that remains true while a loop iterates.
`loop structure \IOOp' struk'chur\ n. See itqative
`loop structure \ loop' struk~chur\ n. See iterative
`statement.
`statement.
`lo-res \lo-rez'\ adj. See low resolution.
`lo-res \16-rez ~\ adj. See low resolution.
`loss balancing \los' bar;:m-seng\ n . Amplifica(cid:173)
`loss balancing \los' bar;;>n-seng \
`rt. Amplifica(cid:173)
`tion of a signal or value to compensate for lo.ss
`tion of a signal or value to compensate for loss
`during a transmission or translation of a value.
`d uring a transmission or translation of a value.
`lossless compression \los' bs krim-presh'rin\ n.
`lossless compression \105'1;:)s krlm-presh ~;;>n\ 11.
`The process of compressing a file such (hat, after
`The process of compressing a file such that, after
`being compressed and decompressed, it matches
`being compressed and decompressed, it matches
`
`2lt .. -
`
`6
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`

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`telephony
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`telephony \~-ler~-nF , tel';:J-f()'ne\ n. Telephone
`telephony \t;;)-lef~;;I-ne' , rcr;:)-f6-ne\ n. Telephone
`techno logy; th e conversion of sou nd intO electrical
`techno logy; the conversion of sound into electrical
`signals, its transmission [0 another location, and its
`signals, its transmission [0 a nother location, a nd its
`reconversion to sound, with o r without the use of
`reconversion to sound, with o r w itho ut the use o f
`connecting wires.
`connecting wires.
`Telephony API \ t;r-ierd-ne A-P-I" n. See TAPI.
`Telephony API \t;}-ler~-ne A-p-r~\ n . See TAPl.
`telephony device \ td-lef~d-ne d;;>-vls~ \ n . A mech(cid:173)
`telephony device \ t;,)-lef~d-ne d;;l-vlS'\ 11. A mech(cid:173)
`an ism designed to translate sound into eleclrical
`an ism designed to translate sound into electrical
`signals, transmit them, and then convert them
`signals, transmit them, and then convert them
`back to sound.
`back to sound.
`teleprocess \ter;)-pros'es\ vb. To llse a term inal
`teleprocess \tera- pros'es\ vh. To use a termi nal
`or compute r and communications equipmenl to
`or computer and communications equipment lO
`access computers and computer files located else(cid:173)
`access computers and computer files located else(cid:173)
`where. Teleprocess is a term originated by IBM. See
`where. 'l'eleprocess is a tefm originated by IBM. See
`also distributed processing, remote access.
`also disuibuted proce~~ing, remote access.
`Telescript \teJ'd-skripf \ n. A communications(cid:173)
`Telescript \tel';;)-skripf \ n. A communications(cid:173)
`oriented programming language, released in 1994
`oriented progmmming langu age, released in 1994
`by General Magic, mal was de~i